保护性耕作对陇中旱作麦田蓄水保墒效果和产量的影响

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2022.01.30

Abstract

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to explore the effects of conservation tillage on water storage, moisture conservation, and yield in dry-land wheat fields in the Loess Plateau of central Gansu province. Based on field experiments for five consecutive years, the effects of different tillage measures [traditional tillage (T), straw mulching (TS), no tillage (NT), and no tillage with straw mulching (NTS)] on the moisture-storage rate in the leisure period, water-use efficiency, dry matter accumulation and transport, yield, and agronomic characteristics of spring wheat in a farming cycle from August 2019 to August 2020 were analyzed. The results were as follows. (1) Compared with treatment T, the NTS treatment increased the soil bulk-density and water content in the plow layer, increased the soil water storage during the sowing and harvest periods in a dry-land wheat field, increased the water-use efficiency by 48.18%, and increased the moisture-storage rate in the leisure period by 5.70%. (2) The NTS treatment significantly increased the leaf area index and delayed the leaf senescence of spring wheat. Compared with the TS and NT treatments, the dry matter accumulation after anthesis under the NTS treatment increased by 67.38% and 32.14%, respectively, whereas the contribution rate of the dry matter after anthesis increased by 12.47% and 6.61%, respectively. (3) The NTS treatment optimized the yield components and significantly increased the yield of spring wheat to 3243.30 kg∙hm^-2, which was 49.32% higher than the yield of traditional tillage (T). In addition, the NTS treatment improved the population structure of spring wheat, as well as significantly increasing its root dry-weight, plant height, and biomass, while reducing its root-shoot ratio. Correlation analysis showed that the increased water-use efficiency, leaf area index, and root dry-weight were important factors in the increase of wheat yield. In conclusion, under the conditions of this experiment, NTS mulching was the optimal tillage treatment in terms of saving water and increasing the yield of dry-land wheat fields in the Loess Plateau of central Gansu province. Thus, it may be worthwhile popularizing and applying the treatment in this area.

Key words: Loess Plateau in central Gansu Province, dry-land wheat fields, conservation tillage, spring wheat, water use efficiency, yield, dry matter accumulation and transportation

QI Xiaoping,LI Guang,YUAN Jianyu,CHANG Haigang. Effects of conservation tillage on the water storage, moisture conservation, and yield of dry-land wheat fields of central Gansu Province[J].Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(1): 312-321.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig. 1

Tab. 1

Tab. 2

Fig. 2

Tab. 3

Fig. 3

Tab. 4

Tab. 5

Tab. 6

Fig. 4

Tab. 7

References 30

[1]	罗珠珠, 蔡立群, 李玲玲, 等. 长期保护性耕作对黄土高原旱地土壤养分和作物产量的影响[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2015, 33(3): 171-176.
	[Luo Zhuzhu, Cai Liqun, Li Lingling, et al. Long-term effects of tillage system on soil nutrients and grain yields in rainfed area of Loess Plateau[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2015, 33(3): 171-176. ]
[2]	晋小军, 黄高宝. 陇中半干旱地区不同耕作措施对土壤水分及利用效率的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2005, 19(5): 111-114.
	[Jin Xiaojun, Huang Gaobao. Effects of different tillage methods on soil water and water use efficiency in semi-arid area of Gansu[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2005, 19(5): 111-114. ]
[3]	张建军, 王勇, 唐小明, 等. 陇东黄土旱塬不同耕作方式及施肥处理对冬小麦产量和土壤肥力的影响[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2010, 28(1): 247-254.
	[Zhang Jianjun, Wang Yong, Tang Xiaoming, et al. The effects of different tillage methods and fertilizer treatments on yield of winter wheat and soil fertility in the Loess Plateau of east Gansu[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2010, 28(1): 247-254. ]
[4]	李玲玲, 黄高宝, 秦舒浩, 等. 保护性耕作对绿洲灌区冬小麦产量形成的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2011, 37(3): 514-520.
	[Li Lingling, Huang Gaobao, Qin Shuhao, et al. Effect of conservation tillage on dry matter accumulating and yield of winter wheat in oasis area[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2011, 37(3): 514-520. ]
[5]	潘雅文, 樊军, 郝明德, 等. 黄土塬区长期不同耕作、覆盖措施对表层土壤理化性状和玉米产量的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2016, 22(6): 1558-1567.
	[Pan Yawen, Fan Jun, Hao Mingde, et al. Effects of long-term tillage and mulching methods on properties of surface soil and maize yield in tableland region of the Loess Plateau[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2016, 22(6): 1558-1567. ]
[6]	丁晋利, 魏红义, 杨永辉, 等. 保护性耕作对农田土壤水分和冬小麦产量的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2018, 29(8): 2501-2508.
	[Ding Jinli, Wei Hongyi, Yang Yonghui, et al. Effects of conservation tillage on soil water condition and winter wheat yield in farmland[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2018, 29(8): 2501-2508. ]
[7]	赵小蓉, 赵燮京, 陈先藻. 保护性耕作对土壤水分和小麦产量的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2009, 25(增刊1): 6-10.
	[Zhao Xiaorong, Zhao Xiejing, Chen Xianzao. Effects of conservation tillage on soil moisture and wheat yield[J]. Transactions of the CSAE, 2009, 25(Suppl.1): 6-10. ]
[8]	Unger P W. Straw mulch rate effects on soil water storage and sorghum yield[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1978, 42: 486-491. doi: 10.2136/sssaj1978.03615995004200030023x
[9]	黄明, 吴金芝, 李友军, 等. 不同耕作方式对旱作区冬小麦生产和产量的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2009, 25(1): 50-54.
	[Huang Ming, Wu Jinzhi, Li Youjun, et al. Effects of different tillage management on production and yield of winter wheat in dryland[J]. Transactions of the CSAE, 2009, 25(1): 50-54. ]
[10]	谢瑞芝, 李少昆, 李小君, 等. 中国保护性耕作研究分析——保护性耕作与作物生产[J]. 中国农业科学, 2007, 40(9): 1914-1924.
	[Xie Ruizhi, Li Shaokun, Li Xiaojun, et al. The analysis of conservation tillage in China—Conservation tillage and crop production: Reviewing the evidence[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2007, 40(9): 1914-1924. ]
[11]	郁鑫, 王旭东. 黄土高原不同耕作方式对土壤理化性质及作物产量的影响[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2018, 46(5): 144-146, 156.
	[Yu Xin, Wang Xudong. Effects of different tillage methods on soil physical-chemical properties and crop yield in Loess Plateau[J]. Anhui Agricultural Science, 2018, 46(5): 144-146, 156. ]
[12]	韩宾, 李增嘉, 王芸, 等. 土壤耕作及秸秆还田对冬小麦生长状况及产量的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2007, 23(2): 48-53.
	[Han Bin, Li Zengjia, Wang Yun, et al. Effects of soil tillage and returning straw to soil on wheat growth status and yield[J]. Transactions of the CSAE, 2007, 23(2): 48-53. ]
[13]	袁建钰, 李广, 闫丽娟, 等. 黄土高原不同灌水量下春小麦土壤与植物碳氮磷含量及其化学计量比特征[J]. 草业科学, 2020, 37(9): 1803-1812.
	[Yuan Jianyu, Li Guang, Yan Lijuan, et al. Soil and plant carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus content and their stoichiometry in spring wheat under different irrigation treatments in the Loess Plateau[J]. Pratacultural Science, 2020, 37(9): 1803-1812. ]
[14]	王嘉男, 李玲玲, 谢军红, 等. 半干旱区保护性耕作对旱作春小麦光合特性和产量形成的影响[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2020, 40(12): 1493-1500.
	[Wang Jianan, Li Lingling, Xie Junhong, et al. Effects of conservation tillage on photosynjournal and yield formation of rain-fed spring wheat in semi-arid areas[J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2020, 40(12): 1493-1500. ]
[15]	Böhm W. Methods of Studying Root System[M]. Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1979.
[16]	王艳哲, 刘秀位, 孙宏勇, 等. 水氮调控对冬小麦根冠比和水分利用效率的影响研究[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2013, 21(3): 282-289.
	[Wang Yanzhe, Liu Xiuwei, Sun Hongyong, et al. Effects of water and nitrogen on root/shoot ratio and water use efficiency of winter wheat[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2013, 21(3): 282-289. ]
[17]	罗珠珠, 黄高宝, 张国盛. 保护性耕作对黄土高原旱地表土容重和水分入渗的影响[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2005, 23(4): 7-11.
	[Luo Zhuzhu, Huang Gaobao, Zhang Guosheng. Effects of conservation tillage on bulk density and water infiltration of surface soil in semi-arid area of west Loess Plateau[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2005, 23(4): 7-11. ]
[18]	王志鑫, 孙敏, 任爱霞, 等. 施氮量对干旱年探墒沟播旱地小麦土壤水分利用和产量的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2021, 40(11): 3598-3607.
	[Wang Zhixin, Sun Min, Ren Aixia, et al. Effects of nitrogen application rate on soil water use and yield of dryland wheat under furrow sowing in drought year[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2021, 40(11): 3598-3607. ]
[19]	王碧胜, 蔡典雄, 武雪萍, 等. 长期保护性耕作对土壤有机碳和玉米产量及水分利用的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2015, 21(6): 1455-1464.
	[Wang Bisheng, Cai Dianxiong, Wu Xueping, et al. Effects of long-term conservation tillage on soil organic carbon,maize yield and water utilization[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2015, 21(6): 1455-1464. ]
[20]	郭清毅, 黄高宝. 保护性耕作对旱地麦-豆双序列轮作农田土壤水分及利用效率的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2005, 19(3): 165-169.
	[Guo Qingyi, Huang Gaobao. Conservation tillage effects on soil moisture and water use efficiency of two phases rotation system with spring wheat and field pea in dryland[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2005, 19(3): 165-169. ]
[21]	冯福学, 黄高宝, 于爱忠, 等. 不同保护性耕作措施对武威绿洲灌区冬小麦水分利用的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2009, 20(5): 1060-1065.
	[Feng Fuxue, Huang Gaobao, Yu Aizhong, et al. Influence of different conservation tillage measures on the water utilization of winter wheat in Wuwei oasis irrigation area[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2009, 20(5): 1060-1065. ]
[22]	赵亚丽, 郭海斌, 薛志伟, 等. 耕作方式与秸秆还田对冬小麦-夏玉米轮作系统中干物质生产和水分利用效率的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2014, 40(10): 1797-1807.
	[Zhao Yali, Guo Haibin, Xue Zhiwei, et al. Effects of tillage and straw returning on biomass and water use efficiency in a winter wheat and summer maize rotation system[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2014, 40(10): 1797-1807. ]
[23]	冯福学, 黄高宝, 柴强, 等. 不同耕作措施对冬小麦根系时空分布和产量的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2009, 29(5): 2499-2506.
	[Feng Fuxue, Huang Gaobao, Chai Qiang, et al. Effects of different tillage on spatiotemporal distribution of winter wheat root and yield[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2009, 29(5): 2499-2506. ]
[24]	王健波, 严昌荣, 刘恩科, 等. 长期免耕覆盖对旱地冬小麦旗叶光合特性及干物质积累与转运的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2015, 21(2): 296-305.
	[Wang Jianbo, Yan Changrong, Liu Enke, et al. Effects of long-term no-tillage with straw mulch on photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaues and dry matter accumulation and translocation of winter wheat in dryland[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2015, 21(2): 296-305. ]
[25]	陈乐梅, 马林, 刘建喜, 等. 免耕覆盖对春小麦灌浆期干物质积累特性及最终产量的影响[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2006, 24(6): 21-24.
	[Chen Lemei, Ma Lin, Liu Jianxi, et al. The effect of no-tillage with stubble on the dynamic change of dry matter accumulation and yield of spring wheat during grain filling[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2006, 24(6): 21-24.]
[26]	郭星宇, 王浩, 于琦, 等. 耕作对渭北旱塬小麦-玉米轮作田土壤水分和产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(14): 2977-2990.
	[Guo Xingyu, Wang Hao, Yu Qi, et al. Effect of tillage on soil moisture and yield in Weibei wheat-corn rotation fields[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science, 2021, 54(14): 2977-2990. ]
[27]	马林, 刘建喜, 陈乐梅, 等. 不同耕作方式对春小麦花后叶面积及产量影响[J]. 新疆农业大学学报, 2008, 31(2): 22-24.
	[Ma Lin, Liu Jianxi, Chen Lemei, et al. Effect of different tillage on the dynamic change of leaf area after anjournal and yield of spring wheat[J]. Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University, 2008, 31(2): 22-24. ]
[28]	陈远学, 李汉邯, 周涛, 等. 施磷对间套作玉米叶面积指数、干物质积累分配及磷肥利用效率的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2013, 24(10): 2799-2806.
	[Chen Yuanxue, Li Hanhan, Zhou Tao, et al. Effects of phosphorus fertilization on leaf area index, biomass accumulation and allocation, and phosphorus use efficiency of intercropped maize[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2013, 24(10): 2799-2806. ]
[29]	李玲玲, 黄高宝, 张仁陟, 等. 不同保护性耕作措施对旱作农田土壤水分的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2005, 25(9): 2326-2332.
	[Li Lingling, Huang Gaobao, Zhang Renzhi, et al. Effects of different conservation tillage practices on soil moisture in dry farmland[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2005, 25(9): 2326-2332. ]
[30]	周宝元, 王新兵, 王志敏, 等. 不同耕作方式下缓释肥对夏玉米产量及氮素利用效率的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2016, 22(3): 821-829.
	[Zhou Baoyuan, Wang Xinbing, Wang Zhimin, et al. Effect of slow-release fertilizer and tillage practice on grain yield and nitrogen efficiency of summer maize (Z. mays L.)[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2016, 22(3): 821-829. ]

处理	代码	耕作方法
传统耕作	T	结合当地的耕作经验在种植前“三耕两耱”
免耕	NT	全年不翻地,播种时用免耕播种机一次性完成施肥和播种
秸秆覆盖	TS	耕作方式同T,在播种后将前作秸秆铡成10~15 cm,均匀覆盖在原小区,秸秆覆盖量4000 kg∙hm²
免耕秸秆覆盖	NTS	耕作方式同NT,在播种后将前作秸秆铡成10~15 cm,均匀覆盖在原小区,秸秆覆盖量4000 kg∙hm²

处理	0~100 cm 土层蓄水量		生育期总耗水量/mm	水分利用效率 /( kg∙hm^-2∙mm^-1)	土壤蓄墒率/%
处理	播种前/mm	收获后/mm	生育期总耗水量/mm	水分利用效率 /( kg∙hm^-2∙mm^-1)	土壤蓄墒率/%
T	245.23±24.51d	263.53±13.52d	412.40±13.91b	5.23±0.12d	5.98±0.28d
TS	257.02±34.99c	270.01±17.63c	417.72±14.23a	5.73±0.14c	7.20±0.56c
NT	262.65±28.25b	276.93±18.76b	416.43±24.12a	6.56±0.17b	9.58±0.66b
NTS	272.58±14.63a	284.76±20.32a	418.52±12.51a	7.75±0.24a	11.68±0.42a

处理	花前干物质			花后干物质
处理	转运量/(kg∙hm^-2)	转运率/%	贡献率/%	积累量/(kg∙hm^-2)	贡献率/%	收获指数/%
T	1130.47±39.07a	33.64±1.31a	52.04±1.42a	1041.57±36.02d	47.95±2.42d	29.34±2.40b
TS	1129.84±28.42b	30.16±0.81b	47.17±2.97b	1265.30±85.02c	52.83±2.97c	30.88±2.40a
NT	1128.09±19.45c	25.98±0.72c	41.30±0.36c	1602.72±47.09b	58.69±1.32b	30.90±2.31a
NTS	1125.37±24.09d	22.38±0.71d	34.69±1.65d	2117.93±40.79a	65.30±1.65a	31.20±4.67a

处理	产量/（kg∙hm^-2）	千粒重	公顷有效穗数/10⁴	穗粒数
T	2172.04±55.62d	40.42±0.69c	164.29±0.34c	30.33±0.33c
TS	2395.26±30.78c	42.86±0.19bc	175.39±0.57b	31.67±0.26b
NT	2730.81±45.93b	43.31±0.22b	172.42±0.66b	32.33±0.54a
NTS	3243.30±40.64a	44.93±0.26a	181.84±0.73a	32.67±0.36a

自变量	通径系数	间接通径系数
自变量	通径系数	X1	X2	X3	合计
X1	0.392	-	0.298	0.263	0.561
X2	0.397	0.294	-	0.206	0.500
X3	0.301	0.342	0.272	-	0.614

Effects of conservation tillage on the water storage, moisture conservation, and yield of dry-land wheat fields of central Gansu Province

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Like

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 11

References 30

Related Articles 15

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 0

	根系干重	根冠比	株高	生物量	叶面积指数	水分利用效率
产量	0.955^**	-8.48^**	0.802^**	0.942^**	0.952^**	0.992^**
千粒重	0.937^**	-0.806^**	0.855^**	0.875^**	0.918^**	0.934^**
公顷有效穗数	0.908^**	-08.32^**	0.747^**	0.922^*	0.940^**	0.963^**
穗粒数	0.905^**	-0.771^**	0.820^**	0.847^**	0.855^**	0.927^**

[1]	CAO Ziqi, LU Zhanyuan, REN Yongfeng, ZHAO Xiaoqing, WANG Jianguo, HOU Zhihui, HAN Yunfei, WANG Dengyun, SHANG Xueyan, DUAN Rui. Effects of different nitrogen levels on the apparent soil nutrient balance and tuber yield of Cyperus esculentus farmland [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2024, 41(1): 71-79.
[2]	PANG Ye,YUAN Jianyu,YAN Lijuan,DU Mengyin,LI Guang. Effects of conservation tillage on soil nitrogen mineralization in dry wheat fields on the Loess Plateau [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(9): 1446-1456.
[3]	LYU Jinxin, LIANG Kang, LIU Changming, ZHANG Yihui, LIU Lu. Spatial differentiation mechanism of land cover and related changes in water-carbon variables in Wuding River Basin [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(4): 563-572.
[4]	MA Yifan, LYU Desheng, WANG Zhenghua, LI Yanqiang, LIU Jian, WEN Yue, ZHU Yan. Effects of magnetic and nitrogen coupling on the yield and water and fertilizer usage efficiency of processed tomatoes under mulched drip irrigation [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(11): 1855-1864.
[5]	JI Qianqian, PAN Huanhuan, WU Shurong, WU Zhitao, DU Ziqiang. Effect of spatial reconstruction of “production-living-ecology” space and precipitation changes on water yield services in the Yellow River Basin in Shanxi Province [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(1): 132-142.
[6]	GUO Xiaowen,LIU Jiawei,ZHENG Zhiyu,MIN Wei. Effects of saline water drip irrigation on soil salt accumulation and cotton growth during the whole growth period [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(6): 1952-1965.
[7]	ZHANG Kang,NIE Zhigang,WANG Jun,LI Guang. Simulation and analysis of the effects of precipitation and nitrogen application on the yield and biomass of spring wheat in dryland under elevated temperature [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(6): 1966-1975.
[8]	SU Yuanyi,FENG Zhaohong,ZHANG Yang,LEI Na,ZHANG Tingyu. Runoff and sediment yield and relationship between water and sediment of sand covered slope of loess hilly region [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(4): 1166-1173.
[9]	DING Ya,YANG Jianming,LI Li,ZHANG Zhihao,ZENG Fanjiang. Effects of deficit irrigation and film mulching on biomass and production of Cyperus esculentus in the southern Xinjiang Basin [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(3): 883-892.
[10]	DU Mengyin,YUAN Jianyu,LI Guang,YAN Lijuan,LIU Xingyu,QI Xiaoping,PANG Ye. Effects of protective measures on N₂O emission from farmland soil in a semi-arid area of the Loess Plateau [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(2): 493-501.
[11]	ZHANG Juan,LI Guang,YUAN Jianyu,YAN Lijuan,WEI Xingxing,LIU Shuainan. Effects of water and nitrogen regulation on soil and leaf stoichiometric characteristics of spring wheat in dry farming [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(6): 1750-1759.
[12]	LIU Shuainan,LI Guang,SONG Liangcui,YUAN Jianyu,XIE Mingjun,WEI Xingxing. Effects of early sowing and tillage measures on nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil supporting spring wheat in the semi-arid area of the Loess Plateau [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(5): 1367-1375.
[13]	CHEN Fei,YAN Shuang,WANG Heling,ZHANG Kai,ZHAO Funian,HUANG Xiaoyan. Study on gas exchange parameters and water use efficiency of spring wheat leaves under different levels of water stress [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(3): 821-832.
[14]	ZHU Jinru,LI Wenhao,WANG Zhenhua,ZONG Rui,WANG Tianyu. Effect of film mulching residue on cotton growth in drip irrigation cotton field [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(2): 570-579.
[15]	WANG Lihong,ZHANG Hongzhi,LI Jianfeng,WANG Zhong,GAO Xin,SHI Jia,ZHANG Yueqiang,FAN Zheru,ZHAO Qi. Analysis of canopy light interception and dry matter distribution characteristics of different winter wheat yield groups in Xinjiang [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(1): 275-282.