保护性耕作对黄土高原旱作麦田土壤氮矿化的影响

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2023.09.08

Abstract

Abstract:

Soil nitrogen mineralization is an important process in the nitrogen cycle of terrestrial ecosystems and is vital for maintaining soil nitrogen supply capacity and crop growth. The semiarid region of the Loess Plateau in central Gansu is an important grain production area in Northwest China, and realizing efficient nitrogen utilization in local dry farmland is a key research focus. However, little is known about the effects of different tillage measures on soil nitrogen mineralization in dry wheat fields in this region. Therefore, this study focuses on the dryland wheat fields in the Loess Plateau and uses the resin core in situ culture method to monitor the effects of different tillage measures [traditional tillage (T), no-tillage (NT), traditional tillage + straw mulching (TS), and no-tillage+straw mulching (NTS)] on soil nitrogen mineralization during the spring wheat growth period (March-August) in 2021. This study analyzes the effects of these tillage measures on soil nitrogen content and hydrothermal conditions to understand their impact on the soil nitrogen mineralization process. The results indicate the following: (1) Soil nitrogen under T, NT, TS, and NTS treatments showed a net nitrogen fixation state during the early stage of spring wheat growth (presowing-flowering stage) and a net nitrogen mineralization state during the middle and late stages (flowering-maturity stage). There were significant differences in the soil net nitrogen mineralization rate under different tillage measures (NTS>TS>NT>T). (2) Compared with the T treatment, three conservation tillage methods increased soil total nitrogen, NH₄⁺-N content, and moisture during the growth period of spring wheat while reducing soil NO₃^--N content and temperature accumulation. (3) The correlation analysis showed that soil nitrogen content and soil water and heat were the key factors affecting the soil net nitrogen mineralization rate. However, the influencing factors regulating soil nitrogen mineralization at different incubation stages varied. In conclusion, NTS treatment promotes soil nitrogen mineralization, improves soil nitrogen supply and water retention capacity, and is crucial for maintaining and restoring farmland productivity in the semiarid region of the Loess Plateau.

Key words: spring wheat field, conservation tillage, soil nitrogen mineralization, soil nitrogen components, soil water heat

PANG Ye,YUAN Jianyu,YAN Lijuan,DU Mengyin,LI Guang. Effects of conservation tillage on soil nitrogen mineralization in dry wheat fields on the Loess Plateau[J].Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(9): 1446-1456.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig. 1

Tab. 1

Tab. 2

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Tab. 3

References 36

[1]	Devianti D, Zulfahrizal Z, Sufardi S, et al. Fast and simultaneous prediction of agricultural soil nutrients content using infrared spectroscopy[J]. Rona Teknik Pertanian, 2019, 12(1): 61-69. doi: 10.17969/rtp.v12i1.11656
[2]	Hou R, Li T, Fu Q, et al. Effects of biochar and straw on greenhouse gas emission and its response mechanism in seasonally frozen farmland ecosystems[J]. Catena, 2020, 194(48): 104735. doi: 10.1016/j.catena.2020.104735
[3]	赵秋, 田秀平, 周丽平, 等. 不同冬绿肥翻压对土壤有机氮组分和氮素矿化的影响[J]. 水土保持通报, 2023, 43(1): 78-83.
	[Zhao Qiu, Tian Xiuping, Zhou Liping. et al. Effects of different winter green manures on composition and mineralization of soil organic nitrogen[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 2023, 43(1): 78-83.]
[4]	张磊, 孔丽丽, 侯云鹏, 等. 实现黑土玉米高产和养分高效的控释氮肥与尿素掺混比例[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2022, 28(12): 2201-2213.
	[Zhang Lei, Kong Lili, Hou Yunpeng, et al. Optimum application ratio of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer and urea for high maize yield and nutrient efficiency in black soil[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2022, 28(12): 2201-2213.]
[5]	孔涛, 张莹, 雷泽勇, 等. 沙地樟子松人工林土壤氮矿化特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2019, 36(2): 296-306.
	[Kong Tao, Zhang Ying, Lei Zeyong, et al. Soil nitrogen mineralization under Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation on sandy soil[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2019, 36(2): 296-306.]
[6]	黄桥明, 黄俊, 吕茂奎, 等. 恢复年限、林下植被及季节对马尾松林土壤氮转化的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2020, 39(8): 2556-2564.
	[Huang Qiaoming, Huang Jun, Lv Maokui, et al. Effects of restoration duration, understory vegetation and seasons on soil nitrogen transformation in Pinus massoniana forests[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2020, 39(8): 2556-2564.]
[7]	郎漫, 许力文, 朱恺文, 等. 碳氮施加对农田黑土氮素转化和温室气体排放的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(2): 235-244. doi: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.02.003
	[Lang Man, Xu Liwen, Zhu Kaiwen, et al. Effects of carbon and nitrogen addition on nitrogen transformation and greenhouse gas emissions from black cropland soil[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2023, 32(2): 235-244.] doi: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.02.003
[8]	牛润芝, 朱长伟, 姜桂英, 等. 豫北潮土区轮耕模式对小麦光合特性、产量及土壤养分的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2022, 37(4): 182-189. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193066
	[Niu Runzhi, Zhu Changwei, Jiang Guiying, et al. Effects of rotation tillage pattern on wheat photosynthetic characteristics, yield, and soil nutrients in Fluvo-aquic soil in north Henan[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2022, 37(4): 182-189.] doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193066
[9]	刘帅楠, 李广, 宋良翠, 等. 早播及耕作措施对黄土高原半干旱区春小麦土壤氮磷元素的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(5): 1367-1375.
	[Liu Shuainan, Li Guang, Song Liangcui, et al. Effects of early sowing and tillage measures on nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil supporting spring wheat in the semi-arid area of Loess Plateau[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(5): 1367-1375.]
[10]	黄达, 姜玉琴, 谢先进. 免耕对土壤理化性质及作物产量的影响[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2022, 50(2): 9-11, 22.
	[Hang Da, Jiang Yuqin, Xie Xianjin. Influence of No-tillage on soil physicochemical properties and crop yield[J]. Contemporary Agricultural Machinery, 2022, 50(2): 9-11, 22.]
[11]	吴鸿宇. 耕作方式和坡度对黑土肥力特征的影响研究[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2022.
	[Wu Hongyu. Effects of Tillage Measures and Slope Gradients on Fertility of Black Soil[D]. Yangling: Northwest A & F University, 2022.]
[12]	邓超超, 李玲玲, 谢军红, 等. 耕作措施对陇中旱农区土壤细菌群落的影响[J]. 土壤学报, 2019, 56(1): 207-216.
	[Deng Chaochao, Li Lingling, Xie Junhong, et al. Effects of tillage on soil bacterial community in the dryland farming area of Central Gansu[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2019, 56(1): 207-216.]
[13]	李文慧, 林妍敏, 南雄雄, 等. 果树-覆盖作物可持续种植体系土壤碳氮固存及其影响因素[J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(2): 471-480. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202302.017
	[Li Wenhui, Lin Yanmin, Nan Xiongxiong, et al. Soil carbon and nitrogen sequestration and associated influencing factors in a sustainable cultivation system of fruit trees intercropped with cover crops[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2023, 34(2): 471-480.] doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202302.017
[14]	王伟, 于兴修, 刘航, 等. 农田土壤氮矿化研究进展[J]. 中国水土保持, 2016, 415(10): 67-71.
	[Wang Wei, Yu Xingxiu, Liu Hang, et al. Research progress on nitrogen mineralization in farmland soil[J]. Soil and Water Conservation in China, 2016, 415(10): 67-71.]
[15]	王永栋, 武均, 郭万里, 等. 秸秆和生物质炭添加对陇中黄土高原旱作农田土壤氮素矿化的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2021, 35(4): 186-192, 199.
	[Wang Yongdong, Wu Jun, Guo Wanli, et al. Effects of straw and biochar addition on soil nitrogen mineralization in dryland farmland of the Loess Plateau[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2021, 35(4): 186-192, 199.]
[16]	石冰洁, 李世清. 地表覆盖对旱作玉米农田土壤氮素矿化的影响[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2018, 36(4): 1-6, 14.
	[Shi Bingjie, Li Shiqing. Effect of surface mulching on soil nitrogen mineralization in dry farmland[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2018, 36(4): 1-6, 14.]
[17]	鲁如坤. 土壤农业化学分析方法[M]. 北京: 中国农业科技出版社, 1999: 39-69
	[Lu Rukun. Agricultural Science and Technology Press[M]. Beijing: China’s Agricultural Science and Technology Press, 1999: 39-69 ]
[18]	李平, 郎漫, 魏玮. 不同施氮量对林地和农田黑土净氮转化速率的影响[J]. 土壤通报, 2020, 51(3): 694-701.
	[Li Ping, Lang Man, Wei Wei. Effects of nitrogen application amounts on net nitrogen transformation rates in forest and agricultural black soils[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2020, 51 (3): 694-701.]
[19]	王凯, 刘勇, 赵蕊蕊, 等. 生物炭和有机肥对毛白杨人工林土壤氮矿化的影响[J]. 东北林业大学学报, 2022, 50(10): 61-68.
	[Wang Kai, Liu Yong, Zhao Ruirui, et al. Effects of biochar and organic fertilizer on soil nitrogen mineralization in Populus tomentosa plantation[J]. Journal of Northeast Forestry University, 2022, 50(10): 61-68.]
[20]	李梦, 胡容, 蒲玉琳, 等. 若尔盖不同退化程度高寒沼泽湿地土壤氮矿化特征及温度效应[J]. 草地学报, 2021, 29(5): 1025-1033. doi: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2021.05.019
	[Li Meng, Hu Rong, Pu Yulin, et al. Characteristics and temperature effect of soil nitrogen mineralization from alpine marsh wetlands with different degree in Zoige[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2021, 29(5): 1025-1033.] doi: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2021.05.019
[21]	张丹, 付斌, 胡万里, 等. 秸秆还田提高水稻-油菜轮作土壤固氮能力及作物产量[J]. 农业工程学报, 2017, 33(9): 133-140.
	[Zhang Dan, Fu Bin, Hu Wanli, et al. Increasing soil nitrogen fixation capacity and crop yield of rice-rape rotation by straw returning[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2017, 33(9): 133-140.]
[22]	秦昊德, 李广, 吴江琪, 等. 降雨频率变化对尕海湿草甸土壤氮组分的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(4): 1191-1199.
	[Qin Haode, Li Guang, Wu Jiangqi, et al. Effects of rainfall frequency change on soil nitrogen components in Gahai wet meadow[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(4): 1191-1199.]
[23]	张邦彦, 李惠霞, 何进宇, 等. 粉垄耕作对宁南黑垆土氮素运移及马铃薯产量的影响[J]. 中国土壤与肥料, 2022, 59(9): 155-165.
	[Zhang Bangyan, Li Huixia, He Jinyu, et al. Effect of powder ridge cultivation on nitrogen transport and potato yield in dark loessial soil of Southern Ningxia[J]. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China, 2022, 59(9): 155-165.]
[24]	王周, 李强, 焦云飞, 等. 轮耕对吉林省西部春玉米田土壤团聚体和产量的影响[J]. 吉林农业大学学报, 2022, 44(6): 742-750.
	[Wang Zhou, Li Qiang, Jiao Yunfei, et al. Effects of rotation tillage on soil aggregates and yield of spring maize field in Western Jilin Province[J]. Journal of Jilin Agricultural University, 2022, 44(6): 742-750.]
[25]	苗贺, 袁磊, 杨淼茵, 等. 基于¹⁵N示踪的东北黑土地保护性耕作农田减氮增产调控机制[J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(4): 876-882. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202304.032
	[Miao He, Yuan Lei, Yang Miaoyin, et al. Mechanisms of conservation tillage on nitrogen-fertilizer reduction and maize grain improvement in Mollisols of Northeast China: Insights from a ¹⁵N tracing study[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2023, 34(4): 876-882.] doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202304.032
[26]	Kazmierczak R B, Agnellos A E B, Balarezo F N G, et al. Mechanical Intervention in compacted No-Till soil in Southern Brazil: Soil Physical Quality and Maize Yield[J]. Agronomy, 2022, 12(10): 2281-2281. doi: 10.3390/agronomy12102281
[27]	刘平东. 水稻、油菜还田秸秆氮素释放与吸附特征[D]. 武汉: 华中农业大学, 2018.
	[Liu Pingdong. Nitrogen Release and Adsorption Characteristics of Rice and Rape Straw[D]. Wuhan: Huazhong Agricultural University, 2018.]
[28]	左倩倩, 王邵军, 王平, 等. 蚂蚁筑巢对西双版纳热带森林土壤有机氮矿化的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2021, 41(18): 7339-7347.
	[Zuo Qianqian, Wang Shaojun, Wang Ping, et al. Effects of ant colonization on soil organic nitrogen mineralization in the Xishuangbanna tropical forest[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2021, 41(18): 7339-7347.]
[29]	李光, 史丽娟, 崔旭东, 等. 耕作方式对连作高粱产量及土壤水分与有机碳含量的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2023, 38(2): 170-178. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193492
	[Li Guang, Shi Lijuan, Cui Xudong, et al. Effect of tillage methods on yield and soil water and organic carbon content of continuous cropping sorghum[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2023, 38(2): 170-178.] doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193492
[30]	卢志红, 魏宗强, 杨敏, 等. 有机物料添加磷素释放动态与土壤磷组分响应[J]. 江西农业大学学报, 2022, 44(6): 1582-1591.
	[Lu Zhihong, Wei Zongqiang, Yang Min, et al. Phosphorus release dynamics of organic amendments and soil phosphorus fractions response[J]. Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis, 2022, 44(6): 1582-1591.]
[31]	Jarrah Mahboube, Mayel Sonia, Franko Uwe, et al. Effects of agricultural management practices on the temporal variability of soil temperature under different crop rotations in bad Lauchstaedt-Germany[J]. Agronomy, 2022, 12(5): 1199. doi: 10.3390/agronomy12051199
[32]	姚晓寒, 陈祎, 韩雪, 等. 农业开垦对泥炭沼泽湿地土壤氮矿化的影响[J]. 环境生态学, 2021, 3(7): 1-10.
	[Yao Xiaohan, Chen Yi, Han Xue, et al. Effects of agricultural reclamation on soil nitrogen mineralization in peatland[J]. Environmental Ecology, 2021, 3(7): 1-10.]
[33]	Kebede Laike, Temesgen Melesse, Fanta Abebe, et al. Effect of locally adapted conservation tillage on runoff, soil erosion, and agronomic performance in semiarid rain-fed farming in Ethiopia[J]. Land, 2023, 12(3): 593. doi: 10.3390/land12030593
[34]	祁小平, 李广, 袁建钰, 等. 保护性耕作对陇中旱作麦田蓄水保墒效果和产量的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(1): 312-321.
	[Qi Xiaoping, Li Guang, Yuan Jianyu, et al. Effects of conservation tillage on the water storage, moisture conservation, and yield of dry-land wheat fields of central Gansu Province[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(1): 312-321.]
[35]	宋良翠, 马维伟, 李广, 等. 水分对尕海湿地退化演替土壤氮矿化的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(1): 165-175.
	[Song Liangcui, Ma Weiwei, Li Guang, et al. Effect of water on nitrogen mineralization in degraded succession of Gahai Wetland[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(1): 165-175.]
[36]	Lu T, Wang Y, Zhu H, et al. Drying-wetting cycles consistently increase net nitrogen mineralization in 25 agricultural soils across intensity and number of drying-wetting cycles[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2020, 710(C): 135574. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135574

处理	耕作方式
传统耕作（T）	按照当地农业生产经验，实施传统的三耕两耱
免耕（NT）	全年农业生产期间不翻耕土地，采用免耕机进行播种和施肥
传统耕作+秸秆覆盖（TS）	耕作方式同传统耕作，收获后将春小麦秸秆切碎均匀覆盖于还田小区内，秸秆覆盖量为4000 kg·hm^-2
免耕+秸秆覆盖（NTS）	耕作方式同免耕，收获后将春小麦秸秆切碎均匀覆盖于还田小区内，秸秆覆盖量为4000 kg·hm^-2

指标	处理	播前-分蘖期	分蘖期-拔节期	拔节期-开花期	开花期-灌浆期	灌浆期-成熟期	全生育期
土壤净氨化量/（mg·kg^-1）	T	-3.01b	-1.02c	3.29c	2.63b	3.54c	5.43d
	TS	-0.91a	1.73ab	4.58ab	3.13ab	4.42ab	12.95b
	NT	-2.71b	0.89b	3.73bc	3.66a	3.85bc	9.42c
	NTS	-0.55a	2.98a	5.11a	3.47a	4.75a	15.77a
土壤净硝化量/（mg·kg^-1）	T	-8.80b	-5.83c	-7.18a	9.47b	13.53c	1.20c
	TS	-7.66a	-3.38b	-6.86a	12.17a	15.14ab	9.43b
	NT	-8.40ab	-5.58c	-7.03a	10.07b	14.32bc	3.38c
	NTS	-7.46a	3.67a	-6.24a	12.85a	15.85a	18.66a
土壤净氮矿化量/（mg·kg^-1）	T	-11.81b	-6.85d	-3.57b	12.10c	17.07c	6.95d
	TS	-8.56a	-1.65b	-2.60ab	15.30a	19.57a	22.06b
	NT	-11.12b	-4.69c	-2.51b	13.73b	18.17b	13.59c
	NTS	-8.01a	6.65a	-1.92a	16.32a	20.60a	33.64a

培养阶段	灰色关联度
培养阶段	温度	土壤含水量	土壤铵态氮	土壤硝态氮	土壤全氮
播种前-分蘖期	0.820	0.704	0.633	0.822	0.730
分蘖期-拔节期	0.677	0.647	0.657	0.696	0.634
拔节期-开花期	0.668	0.627	0.704	0.715	0.642
开花期-灌浆期	0.669	0.851	0.908	0.627	0.773
灌浆期-成熟期	0.667	0.781	0.821	0.645	0.546

Effects of conservation tillage on soil nitrogen mineralization in dry wheat fields on the Loess Plateau

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Like

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 8

References 36

Related Articles 2

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 0

[1]	DU Mengyin,YUAN Jianyu,LI Guang,YAN Lijuan,LIU Xingyu,QI Xiaoping,PANG Ye. Effects of protective measures on N₂O emission from farmland soil in a semi-arid area of the Loess Plateau [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(2): 493-501.
[2]	QI Xiaoping,LI Guang,YUAN Jianyu,CHANG Haigang. Effects of conservation tillage on the water storage, moisture conservation, and yield of dry-land wheat fields of central Gansu Province [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(1): 312-321.