磁氮耦合对膜下滴灌加工番茄产量及水肥利用效率的影响

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2023.11.15

Abstract

Abstract:

This study used yield and water and fertilizer usage efficiency as targets to explore a magnetized water fertilization system suitable for tomato processing via drip irrigation under film. Four magnetized water samples with an intensity of 0 Gs (M0), 2000 Gs (M1), 3000 Gs (M2), and 4000 Gs (M3) as well as three nitrogen application levels of 200 kg N·hm^-2 (N1), 250 kg N·hm^-2 (N2), and 300 kg N·hm^-2 (N3) were set up, and a split zone test design was adopted. Field experiments were conducted. By monitoring the soil moisture content, plant height, stem diameter, and above-ground biomass during the growth period of processed tomatoes, combined with the final yield index, the effects of magnetic nitrogen combination on the water and fertilizer usage efficiency of processed tomatoes were explored. The results showed that magnetized water drip irrigation significantly increased soil moisture content and soil water storage. Magnetic nitrogen coupling was also shown to significantly increase the soil moisture content in the 20-40 cm soil layer. When the magnetized water intensity was 2270-3678 Gs and the nitrogen rate was 220-230 kg·hm^-2, the growth of processed tomatoes was promoted. However, when the magnetization intensity was greater than 4000 Gs and the nitrogen rate was more than 250 kg·hm^-2, the growth of processed tomatoes could not be further improved. As magnetization was increased, the yield and water and fertilizer use efficiency of processed tomatoes increased before decreasing. As the nitrogen application rate was increased, the yield and water use efficiency increased, but the partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer decreased. Among them, the M2N3 treatment had the highest yield and water use efficiency (169.67 t·hm^-2 and 35.61 kg·m^-3), while the M2N1 treatment had the highest nitrogen partial productivity (822.54 kg·kg^-1). Using regression and spatial analyses, the magnetic nitrogen range of yield, water use efficiency, and nitrogen partial productivity was 2270-3678 Gs and 220-230 kg N·hm^-2. This study can provide theoretical support for the scientific application of magnetized water and nitrogen fertilizer in tomato processing in Xinjiang and provide scientific guidance for optimizing the magnetic nitrogen combination configuration to improve the yield of tomato processing.

Key words: mulched drip irrigation, magnetic and nitrogen coupling, yield, water and fertilizer utilization efficiency, spatial analysis, processing tomatoes

MA Yifan, LYU Desheng, WANG Zhenghua, LI Yanqiang, LIU Jian, WEN Yue, ZHU Yan. Effects of magnetic and nitrogen coupling on the yield and water and fertilizer usage efficiency of processed tomatoes under mulched drip irrigation[J].Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(11): 1855-1864.

Figures/Tables 6

Fig. 1

Tab. 1

Fig. 2

Tab. 2

Tab. 3

Fig. 3

References 34

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生育期	日期	持续时间/d	灌水与施肥比例/%	灌水与施肥次数/次
苗期	05-05—06-10	28	12.5	1
花期	06-02—06-20	19	12.5	1
果实膨大一期	06-21—07-15	25	25	2
果实膨大二期	07-15—08-04	20	25	2
成熟期	08-05—08-25	21	25	1
全生育期	05-05—08-25	113	100	7

处理		株高/cm	茎粗/mm	地上部生物量
处理		株高/cm	茎粗/mm	茎/（g·株^-1）	叶/（g·株^-1）	果/（g·株^-1）
N1	M0	52.71±2.71h	15.43±0.32g	61.60±1.16g	65.86±0.79h	128.77±1.62g
	M1	56.43±1.36g	15.86±0.37fg	62.21±1.19g	66.25±0.63gh	130.41±1.09fg
	M2	61.34±0.82ef	16.44±0.22def	67.13±0.53cd	70.74±0.64e	136.56±0.63cd
	M3	64.50±0.59de	16.54±0.41def	65.33±1.2def	69.24±1.01ef	134.62±1.18de
N2	M0	60.34±0.96f	16.28±0.44ef	63.42±0.8fg	67.77±0.99fg	131.53±0.97f
	M1	63.31±0.93def	16.64±0.32cde	63.67±1.58fg	68.89±0.63f	132.60±0.72ef
	M2	69.48±1.16bc	17.26±0.33bc	69.33±0.95ab	75.60±0.39bc	139.26±1.21b
	M3	66.12±1.22cd	16.93±0.12bcde	67.39±0.71bcd	74.28±0.89cd	137.79±1.08bc
N3	M0	64.76±1.8de	16.81±0.21cde	64.62±0.92ef	70.92±0.69e	134.48±1.51de
	M1	71.03±2.78b	17.57±0.26ab	66.28±0.59de	73.42±0.77d	137.79±0.38bc
	M2	75.06±1.86a	18.18±0.35a	71.36±0.91a	78.59±0.54a	144.88±1.11a
	M3	68.55±0.55bc	17.13±0.13bcd	68.90±0.77bc	76.11±1.26b	140.19±1.38b
F值检验	N	99.895^**	39.221^**	28.576^**	141.643^**	72.512^**
	M	39.409^**	13.847^**	48.880^**	93.084^**	71.098^**
	N×M	5.000^**	1.605^ns	0.268^ns	2.648^*	1.184^ns

处理		单果质量 /g	单株结果数 /个	产量 /(t·hm^-2)	水分利用效率 /(kg·m^-3)	氮肥偏生产力 /(kg·kg^-1)
N1	M0	52.71±2.71h	54.7±2.3a	151.30±0.24f	33.52±0.13d	756.51±1.18g
	M1	52.17±1.33cd	56.4±1.5a	159.12±0.14d	33.30±0.06c	795.62±0.71g
	M2	53.47±1.94bcd	58.5±2.8a	164.51±0.86c	34.36±0.13f	822.54±4.31a
	M3	54.70±1.28bcd	56.9±2.0a	156.53±0.40e	34.70±0.11de	782.66±1.98c
N2	M0	52.51±2.13cd	57.2±2.1a	158.56±0.46d	34.52±0.08ef	634.24±1.84g
	M1	53.73±1.68bcd	57.0±2.4a	164.70±0.37c	35.13±0.13bc	658.80±1.49f
	M2	57.43±1.22ab	55.3±1.6a	166.24±1.54b	35.32±0.30ab	664.94±6.15e
	M3	56.08±1.73bc	55.9±1.9a	163.80±0.53c	35.50±0.05a	655.19±2.10f
N3	M0	54.63±1.73bcd	56.8±2.5a	164.07±0.69c	34.39±0.16f	546.89±2.31j
	M1	54.48±2.43bcd	57.6±3.4a	167.04±0.39b	34.93±0.15cd	556.81±1.30i
	M2	60.71±2.34a	53.3±2.3a	169.67±0.65a	35.61±0.20a	565.57±2.18h
	M3	57.50±1.21ab	54.7±1.9a	167.01±0.47b	34.89±0.07cd	556.70±1.55i
F值检验	N	9.983^**	0.388^ns	382.830^**	135.731^**	15201.977^**
	M	8.527^**	0.377^ns	183.528^**	60.161^**	211.641^**
	N×M	0.850^ns	1.148^ns	14.746^**	12.112^**	31.768^**

Effects of magnetic and nitrogen coupling on the yield and water and fertilizer usage efficiency of processed tomatoes under mulched drip irrigation

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