塔里木河流域生境质量与土地利用变化响应及驱动力

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2024.12.14

Abstract

Abstract:

Understanding the response characteristics and influencing factors of land use change to habitat quality is essential for establishing a scientific basis for ecological protection in arid regions. In this study, we used land use data, the InVEST model, habitat contribution rate, and a geographic detector to evaluate the response and influencing factors of land use changes and habitat quality. Additionally, we predicted habitat quality for 2030. The results showed the following: (1) The land use types were dominated by unused land and grassland. The cultivated and construction land areas expanded by 10545 km² and 1170 km², respectively, while forest land, grassland, and unused land decreased. (2) The overall habitat quality was low and exhibited a continuous downward trend. Spatial distribution was high at the edges and low in the center. Additionally, habitat quality in grasslands adjacent to unused land decreased significantly, while overall habitat quality increased significantly. (3) The spatial distribution of habitat quality was primarily influenced by elevation, temperature, and precipitation, with the interaction between elevation and precipitation having the strongest impact on habitat quality in the watershed. (4) By 2030, the ecological protection scenario will offer significant advantages over the natural and economic development scenarios, improving habitat quality. In the future, ecological protection will primarily focus on preventing and controlling desert expansion and protecting grassland and water resources.

Key words: habitat quality, land use change, habitat contribution rate, geodetector, Tarim River Basin

WANG Yang, FENG Zhuoya, XU Li, GAO Wenxin. Response and influencing factors of habitat quality and land use change in the Tarim River Basin[J].Arid Zone Research, 2024, 41(12): 2132-2142.

Figures/Tables 12

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数据名称	数据来源	分辨率	预处理
土地利用数据	中国科学院资源与环境数据中心（https://www.resdc.cn）	1 km	经重分类后分为耕地、草地、林地、水域、建设用地、未利用地和沼泽
社会经济数据	中国科学院资源与环境数据中心（https://www.resdc.cn）	1 km	包括GDP和人口密度数据
月平均降水量数据	国家青藏高原科学数据中心（https://data.tpdc.ac.cn/home）	1 km	求和后得到2000年、2010年和2020年年平均降水量
月平均温度数据	国家青藏高原科学数据中心（https://data.tpdc.ac.cn/home）	1 km	求均值得到2000年、2010年和2020年年平均温度
DEM数据	地理空间数据云（https://www.gscloud.cn）	90 m	剪裁得到研究区DEM数据
坡度数据	-	1 km	利用ArcGIS坡度工具计算得到
区位数据	国家基础地理信息中心（https://www.ngcc.cn）	1 km	包括距主要公路距离和距主要河流距离数据，利用欧氏距离计算得到

地类名称	生境适宜度	耕地	建设用地	未利用地
耕地	0.35	0	0.7	0.45
林地	1	0.7	0.8	0.5
草地	0.8	0.65	0.75	0.7
水域	0.95	0.6	0.68	0.4
建设用地	0	0	0	0
未利用地	0.1	0.15	0	0
沼泽	0.4	0.53	0.5	0.3

威胁因子	最大影响距离/km	权重	衰退类型
耕地	4	0.6	线性
建设用地	7	0.7	指数
未利用地	4	0.4	线性

时期	LUCC	耕地	林地	草地	水域	建设用地	未利用地	沼泽
2000—2010年	耕地	29169	397	1170	143	479	405	15
	林地	873	10676	1322	105	14	441	18
	草地	4072	1240	264549	1361	75	5985	216
	水域	246	102	1566	23229	58	1857	114
	建设用地	419	15	18	6	1453	32	0
	未利用地	1087	435	6162	1914	172	665831	90
	沼泽	86	72	291	242	0	61	2685
2010—2020年	耕地	35636	1	120	6	182	7	0
	林地	261	12649	1	12	13	0	1
	草地	4893	0	269613	378	138	8	50
	水域	23	1	148	26664	1	3	160
	建设用地	1	0	0	0	2550	0	0
	未利用地	1486	63	28	380	529	671933	193
	沼泽	23	0	81	105	0	0	2929
2000—2020年	耕地	29372	377	885	144	654	333	13
	林地	1135	10451	1281	113	23	428	18
	草地	8471	1212	259757	1680	215	5927	236
	水域	281	98	1608	23026	70	1825	264
	建设用地	416	15	12	6	1471	23	0
	未利用地	2533	489	6104	2261	680	663355	269
	沼泽	115	72	342	315	0	60	2533

生境质量等级	面积占比/%
生境质量等级	2000年	2010年	2020年
Ⅰ	65.73	65.65	65.48
Ⅱ	3.31	3.69	4.33
Ⅲ	1.28	1.14	1.17
Ⅳ	18.49	18.40	17.92
Ⅴ	11.19	11.12	11.10

Response and influencing factors of habitat quality and land use change in the Tarim River Basin

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影响因素	高程	坡度	降水	温度	人口密度	GDP	距主要公路距离	距主要河流距离
高程	0.1644
坡度	0.1870	0.0982
降水	0.2245	0.1810	0.1090
温度	0.2050	0.1939	0.2253	0.1626
人口密度	0.1877	0.1143	0.1196	0.1858	0.0061
GDP	0.1759	0.1057	0.1122	0.1734	0.0083	0.0040
距主要公路距离	0.2002	0.1121	0.1569	0.2039	0.0201	0.0196	0.0156
距主要河流距离	0.1825	0.1067	0.1270	0.1947	0.0205	0.0164	0.0416	0.0114

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