新疆小麦族植物资源考证及其分类学修订

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2025.10.16

Abstract

Abstract:

With its unique natural geography and ecological environment, Xinjiang boasts a rich diversity of wild plant resources. Among these, the Triticeae plants, as the wild relatives of cereal crops, are recognized domestically and internationally as important genetic resources for improving the stress resistance, disease and pest resistance, and grain quality of existing wheat and barley cultivars. Following the introduction of the angiosperm classification system APG IV in 2016, the launch of the third national survey and collection of crop germplasm resources, and the initiation of the third Xinjiang Comprehensive Scientific Expedition Project in 2021, this study conducted further taxonomic verification and elucidated the delimitation of genera and species classification of Triticeae plants in Xinjiang on the basis of relevant literature review, examination of Triticeae plant specimens, and field research. The Triticeae plants in Xinjiang are classified into 11 genera, comprising a total of 108 species (including 10 cultivated species): Eremopyrum (4 species), Agropyron (5 species, including one cultivated species), Aegilops (1 species), Triticum (7 species, including six cultivated species), Secale (3 species, including two cultivated species and one agricultural weed), Elytrigia (6 species), Elymus (57 species), Pseudoroegneria (1 species), Psathyrostachys (3 species), Hordeum (6 species, including one cultivated species), and Leymus (15 species). Given the shared morphological characteristics among Elymus, Roegneria, and Kengyilia as well as molecular phylogenetic studies based on DNA analysis, this study supports the broad concept of Elymus L. sensu lato proposed by Á. Löve. Furthermore, in this study, eight species of Kengyilia originally documented as Xinjiang-type specimens are reclassified and renamed under Elymus L. sensu lato. The study provides a scientific basis and theoretical reference for the follow-up research and resource protection of wild wheat plants in Xinjiang.

Key words: Triticeae, germplasm resources, textual research, taxonomic revision, Xinjiang

DENG Chaohong, YE Qiang, MENG Yan, CUI Dafang, ZHAGN Jinbo. Development and present situation of classification of Triticeae Dumort. in Xinjiang[J].Arid Zone Research, 2025, 42(10): 1939-1948.

Figures/Tables 5

Tab. 1

Tab. 2

Key of the Triticeae plants in Xinjiang"

1. 小穗单生于穗轴的各节。
　2. 穗状花序的顶生小穗不孕或退化，其余小穗呈蓖齿状排列于穗轴的二侧。
　　3. 一年生短命植物…………………………………… 旱麦草属 Eremopyrom (Ldb.) Jaub. et Spach
　　3. 多年生植物………………………………………………………… 冰草属 Agropyron Gaertner
　2. 穗状花序顶生小穗大都正常发育，其余小穗呈覆瓦状排列于穗轴的两侧。
　　4. 一年生或越年生植物。
　　　5. 颖卵形，具3至数脉。
　　　　6. 小穗呈圆柱形；颖背部无脊……………………………………………………… 山羊草属 Aegilops Linn.
　　　　6. 小穗两侧压扁，颖背部明显有脊…………………………………………… 小麦属 Triticum Linn.
　　　5. 颖锥形，仅具一脉……………………………………………………………… 黑麦属 Secale Linn.
　　4. 多年生植物。
　　　7. 植物体具根状茎；小穗成熟时脱节于颖之下，小穗轴不于诸花之间断………………… 偃麦草属Elytrigia Desv.
　　　7. 植物体无根状茎，或具短的根状茎；小穗成熟时脱节于颖之上。其小穗轴于诸花之间断落………………… 披碱草属 Elymus Linn.
1. 小穗常以2至数枚生于穗轴的各节，或在花序上下两端可为单生，有少数种单生，但外稃常因小穗轴扭转而与颖交叉排列，使外稃背部露出。
　8. 小穗含1-2（3）花，常以3枚生于穗轴的各节；穗轴（除大麦属的栽培种外）均具关节而可逐节断落。
　　9. 小穗含1-2（3）花，全部无柄且均能孕……………………… 新麦草属 Psathyrostachys Nevski
　　9. 小穗仅含1花，除栽培种外，仅居中小穗无柄且能孕，侧部小穗具短柄，通常不孕或具l 雄花……… 大麦属 Hordeum Linn.
　8. 小穗含2至数花，以2至数枚（有时为l枚）生于穗轴的各节；穗轴延续而无关节，故并不逐节断落。
　　10. 叶片坚硬；颖片细长，呈锥状，具1~3脉…………………………………… 赖草属 Leymus Hochst.
　　10. 叶片柔韧；颖披针形，具3~5脉。
　　　11. 外稃基部的基盘通常十分明显…………………………………… 披碱草属 Elymus Linn.
　　　11. 外稃基部的基盘通常不明显…………………………………… 假鹅观草属 Pseudoroegneria Á. Löve

Tab. 2

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

References 30

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禾本科	XJJ （1982年）	CuiNR （1984年）	XJLR （1987年）	FRPS （1987年）	XJGPL （1990年）	LuJQ （1991年）	FXJ （1996年）	XJAoAS （1998年）	FOC （2006年）	FXJA （2014年）
鹅观草属Roegneria	24种 2亚种	31种 4亚种	24种 3亚种	21种 2变种	33种 4亚种 1变种	28种	0	42种	0	0
偃麦草属Elytrigia	7种 2亚种	5种 3亚种	6种 3亚种	1种 3引种	7种 3亚种	2种 2亚种	7种 1亚种	2种	2种 2亚种	7种 1亚种
冰草属Agropyron	5种	5种	5种	1种 1变种	5种	4种	6种	4种	4种 2变种	6种
旱麦草Eremopyrom	4种	4种	4种	2种	4种	4种	4种	4种	4种	4种
小麦属Triticum	5种	0	0	1种 1变种	0	0	6种	0	3种 2亚种	7种
黑麦属Secale	1种	1种	1种	1种	1种	1种	1种	1种	2种	1种
披碱草属Elymus	4种 1亚种	5种 1亚种	6种	7种	4种 1亚种	6种	42种 5变种	10种	39种 11变种	42种 6变种
赖草属Leymus	9种 1亚种	12种 3亚种	12种 1亚种	8种	10种 3亚种	11种	15种 3亚种	11种	15种 1变种	14种 3亚种
新麦草属Psathyrostachys	3种	3种 1亚种	2种 2亚种	3种	3种 1亚种	2种	3种 1亚种	3种	3种 1变种	3种 1亚种
大麦属Hordeum	4种 2亚种 2变种	4种 3亚种 2变种	3种 3亚种	5种 1变种	3种 3亚种 2变种	3种 4亚种	6种 3变种	6种	4种 2亚种 2变种	6种 3变种
山羊草属Aegilops	0	1种	1种	1种	1种	1种	1种	1种	1种	1种
仲彬草属Kengyilia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15种	13种 1变种	14种 1变种
假鹅观草属Pseudoroegn-eria	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1种	0
总计	10属 66种 8亚种 2变种	10属 71种 15亚种 2变种	10属 64种 12亚种	11属 53种 5变种	10属 71种 15亚种 2变种	10属 62种 6亚种	10属 91种 5亚种 8变种	10属 99种	12属 91种 6亚种 18变种	11属 105种 5亚种 10变种

Development and present situation of classification of Triticeae Dumort. in Xinjiang

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