Abstract: As a climate transition zone between the Mediterranean climate region and the East Asian monsoon region,the arid regions in Central Asia (including five Central Asian countries and Xinjiang of China) are influenced by high,medium and low latitude circulations,where the regional synoptic-climatic characteristics are widely different from those in Europe and East Asia.Central Asia has the unique and complicated topography and ecosystem patterns,such as the deserts,oases,glaciers and basins,and also has a highly representative environment of forming meteorological disasters under the influence of multiple backgrounds,multiple factors and multiple scales.These regions have abundant solar-heat energy,high evaporation and dramatic temperature change.Moreover,the precipitation in Central Asia is scarce and has extremely uneven distribution,but its value in the western and central parts of the Tianshan Mountains is high.Over the last one hundred years,a warm-wet trend occurred in the Tianshan Mountains.Precipitation in the eastern part (Xinjiang) of Central Asia was significantly increased under the active effects of low value system in Central Asia together with the high,medium and low latitude circulation systems.Currently,the studies are inadequate at the aspects of the regional peculiar circulation system,occurring regularity and formation mechanism of disastrous weathers,high-resolution regional numerical model,effects of land-atmosphere interaction on regional weather and climate change due to the insufficient construction of integrated meteorological observation network.Correspondingly,to carry out these studies is of the essential scientific significance and strategic value for the sustainable social and economic development along the Silk Road Economic Belt.

Key words: weather, synoptic-climatic characteristic, precipitation anomaly, atmospheric circulation, water vapor, Arid Region of Central Asia