基于能值分析理论的生态足迹在区域可持续发展评价中的应用——以甘肃省为例

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 当前,可持续发展已经成为人类的共识。在诸多可持续发展评价模型中,生态足迹模型以其计算简单、结果明了得到了广泛的应用,但其在理论和方法上存在一些缺陷。为了弥补传统生态足迹在区域可持续发展评价中的不足,将能值分析理论与生态足迹方法结合,对甘肃省2000-2008年可持续发展状态进行评价。发现:① 2000-2008年甘肃的人均生态承载力基本维持在55.5～63 hm²,且有逐年下降趋势;② 生态足迹以年均10.6%的速度快速上升;③ 生态赤字以年均10.6%的速度快速增长;④ 能源资源的持续高消费是造成生态赤字扩大的主要原因。基于上述研究结论,提出了促进甘肃省可持续发展的策略。

关键词: 生态足迹, 可持续发展, 评价方法, 能值分析, 生态承载力, 甘肃

Abstract: Sustainable development has become as a common view in the world. Along with rapid economic development and population growth, a series of contradictions, such as ecological degeneration and land degradation, have to be faced. In order to maintain the sustainable development, humanity must live within the limits of natural carrying capacity. In the 1990s, Rees and Wackernagel put forward an ecological footprint model, in which an easy and rapid method was offered to measure the environmental situation of eco-economic system. In the theory and method, however, there are some shortcomings to evaluate regional sustainable development. Energy theory offered by Odum H T was applied widely to track energy flow and evaluate ecological benefits and economic returns in eco-economic system. In this paper, the energy analysis and the conventional ecological footprint model were used to quantitatively evaluate the ecological footprint in Gansu Province during the period from 2000 to 2008. The results are as follows: (1) During the period from 2000 to 2008, the per capita ecological carrying capacity in Gansu Province was maintained at 55.5-63 hm² and was in a decrease trend; (2) The ecological footprint was rapidly increased with an average annual increase rate of 10.6%; (3) The ecological deficit was rapidly increased with an average annual increase rate of 10.6%; (4) Continued high consumption of energy resources was the main cause resulting in the ecological deficit. Based on the conclusions above, some strategies were put forward for promoting sustainable development in Gansu Province.

Key words: ecological footprint, sustainable development, evaluation method, energy analysis, ecological capacity, Gansu Province

中图分类号:

F062.2

赵雪雁, 刘霜, 赵海莉. 基于能值分析理论的生态足迹在区域可持续发展评价中的应用——以甘肃省为例[J]. 干旱区研究, 2011, 28(3): 524-531.

ZHAO Xue-yan, LIU Shuang, ZHAO Hai-li. Application of Ecological Footprint in Evaluating Regional Sustainable Development Based on Energy Analysis Theory —A Case Study in Gansu Province[J]. , 2011, 28(3): 524-531.

参考文献

[1] 张志强,程国栋,徐中民.可持续发展评估指标、方法及应用研究[J].冰川冻土,2002,24 (4):344-359.[Zhang Zhiqiang,Cheng Guodong,Xu Zhongmin.Review of indicators and methodologies for measuring sustainable development and their applications[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2002,24(4):344-359.]

[2] Wackemagel M,Yount J D.The ecological footprint:An indicator of progress toward regional sustainability[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,1998,51:511-529.

[3] Erb K H.Actual land demand of Austria 1926-2000:A variation on ecological footprint assessments[J].Land Use Policy,2004,21:247-259.

[4] Wackernagel M,Lewan L,Hansson C B.Evaluating the use of natural capital with the ecological footprint applications in Weden and sub regions[J].AMBIO,1999,28(7):604-612.

[5] 赵雪雁.甘肃省生态承载力评价[J].干旱区研究,2006,23(3):506-512.[Zhao Xueyan.Evaluation on the ecological carrying capacity in Gansu Province[J].Arid Zone Research,2006,23(3):506-512.]

[6] 魏怀东,丁峰,高志海.甘肃省退耕还林还草存在的问题及避免途径[J].干旱区研究,2004,21(3):290-293.[Wei Huaidong,Ding Feng,Gao Zhihai.Some existing problems and their solutions in withdrawing from farming to afforesting and grass planting in Gansu Province[J].Arid Zone Research,2004,21(3):290-293.]

[7] 孙成权,冯筠.中国西北地区资源与环境问题研究[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2001.[Sun Chengquan,Feng Jun.Northwest China Resources and Environmental Problems[M].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2001.]

[8] 张志强,孙成权,王学定.甘肃省生态建设与大农业可持续发展研究[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2001.[Zhang Zhiqiang,Sun Chengquan,Wang Xueding.Gansu Ecological Construction and Sustainable Development Study of Agriculture[M].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2001.]

[9] 李泉.甘肃草原牧区发展的区域分异与空间布局[J].郑州航空工业管理学院学报,2010,28(2):19-22.[Li Quan.The pastoral area[s' development of Gansu Province in regional differentiation and spatial distribution[J].Journal of Zhengzhou Institute of Aeronautical Industry Management,2010,28(2):19-22.]

[10] Rees W E.Ecological footprints and appropriated carrying capacity:What urban economics leaves out[J].Environment and Urbanization,1992,4(2):121-130.

[11] 王书华,毛汉英,王忠静.生态足迹研究的国内外近期进展[J].自然资源学报,2002,17(6):776-782.[Wang Shuhua,Mao Hanying,Wang Zhongjing.Progress in research of ecological footprint all over the world[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2002,17(6):776-782.]

[12] 徐中民,张志强,程国栋.甘肃省1998年生态足迹计算与分析[J].地理学报,2000,55(5):607-615.[Xu Zhongmin,Zhang Zhiqiang,Cheng Guodong.The calculation and analysis of ecological footprints of Gansu Province[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2000,55(5):607-615.]

[13] 陈东景,徐中民,程国栋,等.中国西北地区的生态足迹[J].冰川冻土,2001,23(2):164-168.[Chen Dongjing,Xu Zhongmin,Cheng Guodong,et al.Ecological footprint in Northwest China[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2001,23(2):164-168.]

[14] 张志强,徐中民,程国栋,等.中国西部12省(区市)的生态足迹[J].地理学报,2001,56(5):599-609.[Zhang Zhiqiang,Xu Zhongmin,Cheng Guodong,et al.The ecological footprints of the 12 provinces of West China in 1999[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2001,56(5):599-609.]

[15] 王学全,卢琦.生态足迹理论在青海省共和县荒漠化自然资本核算中的应用[J].林业科学,2005,41(3):12-18.[Wang Xuequan,Lu Qi.Natural capital accounting with the ecological footprint concept in Gonghe County as a desertification area,Qinghai Province[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2005,41(3):12-18.]

[16] 马彩虹,赵先贵,兰叶霞,等.基于生态足迹的县域生态经济可持续发展研究:以宁夏西吉县为例[J].干旱区研究,2006,23(2):359-363.[Ma Caihong,Zhao Xiangui,Lan Yexia,et al.Study no sustainable ecological and economic development in county-scale regions based on ecological footprint theory:A case study in Xiji County,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region[J].Arid Zone Research,2006,23(2):359-363.]

[17] 杨永奎,王定勇.重庆市直辖以来生态足迹的动态预测与分析[J].生态学报,2007,27(6):2 382-2 390.[Yang Yongkui,Wang Dingyong.Dynamic calculation and analysis of ecological footprint of Chongqing after establishing municipality status[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2007,27(6):2 382-2 390.]

[18] 曹宝,秦其明,王秀波,等.生态足迹改进模型在可持续发展评价中的应用研究[J].生态环境,2007,16(3):968-972.[Cao Bao,Qin Qiming,Wang Xiubo,et al.Modified ecological footprint model and its application in sustainable development assessment[J].Ecology and Environment,2007,16(3):968-972.]

[19] 刘淼,胡远满,常禹,等.基于能值理论的生态足迹方法改进[J].自然资源学报,2008,23 (3):447-457.[Liu Miao,Hu Yuanman,Chang Yu,et al.Modification of ecological footprint assessment based on emergy:A case study in the upper reach of Minjiang River[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2008,23 (3):447-457.]

[20] 蓝盛芳,钦佩,陆宏芳.生态经济系统能值分析[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2002.[Lan Shengfang,Qin Pei,Lu Hongfang.Emergy Analysis of Ecological-economic Systems[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry,2002.]

[21] 孙东林,刘圣,姚成,等.用能值分析理论修改生物承载力的计算方法:以苏北互花米草生态系统为例[J].南京大学学报,2007,43(5):501-507.[Sun Donglin,Liu Sheng,Yao Cheng,et al.Improving the computation of Bio-capacity by emergy theory:A case study of spartina alterniflora ecosystem in Northern Jiangsu[J].Journal of Nanjing University:Natural Sciences,2007,43(5):501-507.]

[22] Odum H T,Brown M T,Willians S B.Handbook of Emergy Evaluations Folios 1-4,Center for Environment Policy[M].University of Florida:Gainesville F L,2000.

[23] 闻大中.农业生态系统能流的研究方法(一)[J].农村生态环境,1985(4):47-52.[Wen Dazhong.Agriculture ecosystems energy research methods (1)[J].Rural Ecological Environment,1985(4):47-52.]

[24] 闻大中.农业生态系统能流的研究方法(二)[J].农村生态环境,1986(1):52-56.[Wen Dazhong.Agriculture ecosystems energy research methods (2)[J].Rural Ecological Environment,1986(1):52-56.]

[25] 闻大中.农业生态系统能流的研究方法(三)[J].农村生态环境,1986(2):48-51.[Wen Dazhong.Agriculture ecosystems energy research methods (3)[J].Rural Ecological Environment,1986(2):48-51.]

[26] 刘巽浩.我国不同地区农田生态系统能量转换率的初步研究[J].北京农业大学学报,1982,8(1):47-53.[Liu Xunhao.Chin[a's farmland ecosystems in different parts of the initial study the energy conversion rate[J].Journal of Beijing Agriculture University,1982,8(1):47-53.]

[27] 路甬详.中国可持续发展总纲:中国气候资源与可持续发展[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.[Lu Yongxiang.Master of Sustainable Development of Resources and Sustainable Development Climate in China[M].Beijing:Science Press,2007.]

[28] 刘自强,王德平,李静,等.干旱半干旱地区城郊农业生态系统的能值分析与优化发展:以乌鲁木齐市为例[J].干旱区地理,2007,30(5):721-727.[Liu Ziqiang,Wang Depin,Li Jing,et al.Energy analysis of suburban agro-ecosystem and optimization development in arid sub-arid region:A case in Urumqi[J].Arid Land Geography,2007,30(5):721-727.