陕西省水生态足迹深度与广度时空格局及影响因素

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2023.03.13

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

运用水生态足迹及其深度与广度评价方法，对2000—2019年陕西省水生态足迹、承载力、深度与广度时空格局进行研究。从经济、人口、环境、农业和水利5个方面，构建水生态足迹影响因素指标体系，采用CFEM模型对水生态足迹成因进行分析。结果表明：（1）陕西省水生态足迹总体呈波动上升趋势，多年均值为1403×10⁴ hm²，其中，农业水生态足迹占比最高，多年平均占比为66.65%，工业和居民生活水生态足迹占比分别为15.84%和13.39%；（2）陕西省水生态承载力年际分配不均衡，在603.5×10⁴ hm²~3741×10⁴ hm²间波动，多年均值为1632.9×10⁴ hm²，高于水生态足迹，处于水生态盈余状态；（3）近10 a，陕西省主要以消耗水资源流量资本为主，水生态足迹广度处于较高水平，但2001年和2016年，水资源存量资本消耗量大；（4）陕西省水生态承载力与水生态足迹区域差异大，但年际变化相对较小；（5）经济发展水平、人口和水库库容，对陕西省水生态足迹具有显著的正向影响。为加强陕西省水生态承载力，应进一步完善和巩固水利工程设施建设，增加水库库容，完善水资源管理制度，强化水资源刚性约束。

关键词: 水生态足迹与承载力, 水生态足迹深度, 水生态足迹广度, 个体固定效应模型（CFEM）, 影响因素

Abstract:

This study measured the spatiotemporal evolution of water ecological footprint, size, and depth in the Shaanxi Province from 2000 to 2019. In addition, the “cross-section fixed effects model” was used to build an indicator system based on the factors influencing water ecological footprint, including economy, population, environment, agriculture, and water conservancy. The results show that: (1) An upward flactuating trend occurred in the water ecological footprint of Shaanxi Province, with a multi-year average of 14.03 million hm², and agricultural water accounted for the hight average proportion of ecological footprint with 66.65%, while industrial and domestic water accounted for 15.84% and 13.39%, respectively; (2) The interannual distribution of water ecological carrying capacity showed an unbalanced and fluctuating trends with specific values between 6.035 and 37.41 million hm². The annual average of water ecological carrying capacity in Shaanxi was 16.329 million hm², which was higher than the water ecological footprint, and showed a surplus water ecological state; (3) In the past ten years, Shaanxi Province mainly consumed the flow capital of water resources, and the size of the water ecological footprint was at high level. However, a large stock capital consumption of water resources occurred in 2001 and 2016; (4) A large difference in the regional water ecological carrying capacity and water ecological footprint was observed in Shaanxi Province, but with a relatively small inter annual change; (5) The economic development level, population, and reservoir storage capacity showed a significant positive impact on the water ecological footprint of Shaanxi Province. To strengthen the ecological carrying capacity of water resources, Shaanxi Province should further improve and consolidate the construction of water conservancy facilities, increase the reservoir capacity, improve the water resources management system, and strengthen the rigid constraints on water resources.

Key words: water ecological footprint and carrying capacity, water ecological footprint depth, water ecological footprint size, cross-section fixed effects model (CFEM), influencing factors

马晓蕾,乔雅琦,王婕,焦士兴,张曼. 陕西省水生态足迹深度与广度时空格局及影响因素[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(3): 469-480.

MA Xiaolei,QIAO Yaqi,WANG Jie,JIAO Shixing,ZHANG Man. The spatiotemporal patterns of water ecological footprints, depth, size, and influencing factors in Shaanxi Province[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(3): 469-480.

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	指标类型		指标名称
水生态足迹	经济指标（换算为可比价）		生产总值/10⁹元
			地方一般公共预算收入/10⁴元
			城镇居民人均可支配收入/元
			农村居民人均可支配收入/元
	人口指标		常住人口/10⁴人
	环境指标		人均日生活用水量/L
	环境指标		人均公园绿地面积/m²
	农业指标	种植业	水田面积/10³ hm²
			水浇地面积/10³ hm²
			单位面积粮食产量/（kg·hm^-2）
			节水灌溉类机械/套
		林业	荒山荒地造林面积/hm²
		畜牧业	肉类总产量/t
	水利条件指标		水利建设投资总计/10⁴元
			节水灌溉面积/10³ hm²
			水库库容/10⁴ m³

地区	2000年	2005年	2010年	2019年
西安	0.72	1.00	0.90	0.90
铜川	0.12	0.13	0.33	0.19
宝鸡	0.35	0.59	0.67	0.62
咸阳	0.16	0.15	0.21	0.18
渭南	0.28	0.28	0.32	0.26
延安	0.07	0.08	0.09	0.08
榆林	0.15	0.13	0.13	0.15
汉中	1.47	2.09	2.12	2.45
安康	1.28	2.00	1.90	1.86
商洛	0.75	0.93	1.13	0.60
平均值	0.53	0.74	0.78	0.73

城市	EF_ws/10⁴ hm²				EF_wd
城市	2000年	2005年	2010年	2019年	2000年	2005年	2010年	2019年
西安	106.30	205.44	166.66	170.55	2.85	1.42	1.55	1.82
铜川	1.14	1.35	8.59	2.79	9.28	8.67	1.65	4.97
宝鸡	45.01	103.80	104.13	129.75	2.52	1.00	1.00	1.00
咸阳	5.13	4.48	9.19	6.73	32.58	36.73	21.20	23.04
渭南	21.61	20.65	28.02	18.15	9.25	9.89	8.57	12.88
延安	4.23	4.50	5.97	4.85	5.82	6.46	6.70	9.64
榆林	19.58	16.13	15.46	21.51	4.87	6.49	7.40	6.78
汉中	261.98	262.81	263.47	267.27	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
安康	85.12	85.45	104.13	128.43	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
商洛	39.67	44.79	44.79	49.59	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00

地区	2019年水生态盈亏	2000年	2005年	2010年	2019年
西安	赤字	0.15	0.28	0.20	0.17
铜川	赤字	0.01	0.02	0.10	0.04
宝鸡	盈余	0.12	0.28	0.28	0.34
咸阳	赤字	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.01
渭南	赤字	0.04	0.04	0.05	0.03
延安	赤字	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.02
榆林	赤字	0.06	0.05	0.05	0.06
汉中	盈余	0.71	0.70	0.77	0.78
安康	盈余	0.29	0.29	0.40	0.48
商洛	盈余	0.17	0.19	0.19	0.21