青海高寒区不同土地利用方式下土壤持水能力及影响因素

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2021.06.24

干旱区研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (6): 1722-1730.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2021.06.24

青海高寒区不同土地利用方式下土壤持水能力及影响因素

王紫薇^1,²(),黄来明^1,³(),邵明安^1,^2,^3,⁴,裴艳武²

1.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室,北京 100101
2.西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌 712100
3.中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京 100049
4.中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌 712100

收稿日期:2021-06-30 修回日期:2021-08-10 出版日期:2021-11-15 发布日期:2021-11-29
通讯作者: 黄来明
作者简介:王紫薇（1998-）,女,硕士研究生,主要从事土壤物理研究. E-mail: wangziiweii@163.com
基金资助:
第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0306);中国科学院青年创新促进会会员项目(2019052);中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所秉维优秀青年人才项目(2017RC203);中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室开放基金项目(A314021402-2010)

Soil water holding capacity under different land use patterns in the Qinghai alpine region

WANG Ziwei^1,²(),HUANG Laiming^1,³(),SHAO Ming’an^1,^2,^3,⁴,PEI Yanwu²

1. Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
2. College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
3. College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
4. State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China

Received:2021-06-30 Revised:2021-08-10 Online:2021-11-15 Published:2021-11-29
Contact: Laiming HUANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

选取青海省东部550 km南北样线上农、林、草地3种土地利用方式,通过测定不同深度（0~10 cm,10~20 cm,20~30 cm）土壤最大持水量（MC）、毛管持水量（CC）、田间持水量（FC）及土壤基本理化性质,分析了不同土地利用方式下土壤持水能力变化特征及其影响因素。结果表明：（1）林地和草地0~30 cm土壤MC、CC、FC均值分别为526.83 g·kg^-1、469.75 g·kg^-1、408.29 g·kg^-1和506.17 g·kg^-1、446.37 g·kg^-1、384.89 g·kg^-1,显著高于农地306.62 g·kg^-1、254.25 g·kg^-1、227.12g·kg^-1（P<0.05）。（2）林地与草地土壤持水能力（MC、CC、FC）随土层深度增加而逐渐降低,而农地由于压实作用0~30 cm土壤持水能力无明显变化规律。（3）主成分分析结果表明：土壤容重、孔隙度和颗粒组成对农、林、草地土壤持水能力（MC、CC、FC）的累积贡献率高达79.07%~94.79%。（4）冗余分析结果表明：不同环境因子对农、林、草地土壤持水能力的解释量由大到小为：年均蒸发量、海拔、年均降雨量和纬度。研究结果可为高寒地区不同土地利用方式下土壤质量评估和水分管控提供依据。

关键词: 高寒地区, 土地利用方式, 土壤持水能力, 影响因素, 青海

Abstract:

In this study, the maximum soil water holding capacity (MC), capillary water capacity (CC), field capacity (FC), and basic soil physicochemical properties of different soil layers (0-10, 10-20, and 20-30 cm) were measured under three land use patterns of agriculture, forestry, and grassland along a 550 km north-south transect in eastern Qinghai province. Results showed that: (1) the mean MC, CC, and FC at 0-30 cm soil of forestland were 526.83 g·kg^-1, 469.75 g·kg^-1, and 408.29 g·kg^-1, respectively. For grassland, their values were 506.17 g·kg^-1, 446.37 g·kg^-1, and 384.89 g·kg^-1, respectively. All these values were significantly higher than those of farmland (306.62 g·kg^-1, 254.25 g·kg^-1, and 227.12 g·kg^-1, respectively; P< 0.05). (2) The MC, CC, and FC of forestland and grassland decreased gradually as soil depth increased. By comparison, no obvious changes in MC, CC, and FC occurred as soil depth in the farmland increased because of soil compaction. (3) Principal component analysis revealed that soil bulk density, porosity, and soil particle composition cumulatively contributed 79.07%-94.79% to soil water holding capacity (MC, CC, and FC) in the farmland, forestland, and grassland. (4) Redundancy analysis indicated that the explanations of different environmental factors on soil water holding capacity of agriculture, forestry and grassland from large to small are annual evaporation, altitude, annual rainfall and latitude. This study could provide a reference for soil quality evaluation, soil water management, and regulation under different land use types in alpine regions.

Key words: alpine region, land use pattern, soil water holding capacity, influencing factors, Qinghai

王紫薇,黄来明,邵明安,裴艳武. 青海高寒区不同土地利用方式下土壤持水能力及影响因素[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(6): 1722-1730.

WANG Ziwei,HUANG Laiming,SHAO Ming’an,PEI Yanwu. Soil water holding capacity under different land use patterns in the Qinghai alpine region[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(6): 1722-1730.

图/表 7

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参考文献 28

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土地利用类型	土层深度	土壤容重 /(g·cm^-3)	土壤孔隙/%
土地利用类型	土层深度	土壤容重 /(g·cm^-3)	毛管孔隙度	非毛管孔隙度	总孔隙度
农地	0~10 cm	1.41±0.04Ab	36.46±0.55Ca	9.21±1.61Aa	45.67±1.32Ba
	10~20 cm	1.47±0.03Aa	36.70±0.69Ca	7.35±0.62Aab	44.05±0.91Cb
	20~30 cm	1.48±0.02Aa	37.48±0.50Ca	5.60±1.06Ab	43.08±1.14Cb
	平均值	1.46±0.02A	36.88±1.01C	7.38±1.99A	44.27±1.24C
林地	0~10 cm	1.03±0.04Bc	52.47±1.73Aa	5.98±0.68Bb	58.45±1.50Aa
	10~20 cm	1.12±0.03Cb	49.90±1.59Ab	6.54±0.94Aa	56.44±1.28Ab
	20~30 cm	1.21±0.04Ca	48.57±1.67Ab	6.42±0.84Aab	54.99±1.48Ac
	平均值	1.12±0.02C	50.59±1.60A	6.38±0.40A	56.98±1.35A
草地	0~10 cm	1.03±0.04Bc	50.58±1.34Ba	7.05±0.66Ba	57.63±1.25Aa
	10~20 cm	1.18±0.03Bb	47.73±1.16Bb	6.26±0.68Aa	53.98±1.12Bb
	20~30 cm	1.29±0.04Ba	44.77±1.15Bc	5.69±0.62Aa	50.46±1.25Bc
	平均值	1.16±0.02B	47.69±2.60B	6.33±0.87A	54.02±3.11B

变量	农地		林地			草地
变量	PC1	PC2	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC1	PC2
特征值	5.03	1.40	3.68	1.74	1.22	5.13	1.20
方差/%	71.82	20.05	52.53	24.87	17.39	64.10	14.97
贡献率/%	71.82	91.87	52.53	77.40	94.79	64.10	79.07
BD/(g·cm^-3)	-0.92	0.20	-0.90	-0.31	0.07	-0.95	-0.03
CP/%	0.12	0.97	0.85	-0.17	-0.48	0.81	0.55
NP/%	0.86	-0.50	-0.13	0.74	0.62	0.25	-0.86
TP/%	0.98	-0.05	0.92	0.22	-0.21	0.92	0.10
SOM/(g·kg^-1)	0.89	0.02	0.59	0.73	0.06	0.77	0.13
Clay/%	-0.93	-0.28	-0.71	0.47	-0.51	-0.91	0.12
Silt/%	-	-	-	-	-	-0.66	0.27
Sand/%	0.91	0.31	0.65	-0.52	0.54	0.90	-0.19

环境因子	环境因子所占解释量/%	F	P
Ea	33.60	11.10	0.002
ALT	29.30	9.10	0.008
MAP	20.40	5.60	0.022
LAT	16.90	4.50	0.040

青海高寒区不同土地利用方式下土壤持水能力及影响因素

Soil water holding capacity under different land use patterns in the Qinghai alpine region

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