青海东北部一次典型冰雹过程的观测分析

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2024.02.03

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

青海东北部是青海省主要的农作物生产区、也是冰雹高发区和灾害影响的高风险区，冰雹预报预警和人工防雹作业是降低冰雹灾害的重要手段，掌握冰雹发生时各监测资料的变化特征是提高冰雹预报能力、尽早开展人工防雹作业的前提。2021年6月29日青海东北部出现了一次大范围的冰雹天气过程，利用多普勒天气雷达、雨滴谱资料，结合高空和地面常规气象资料，对此次冰雹天气过程进行了分析。结果表明：青海东北部地区高空有冷平流输送，地面增温明显，导致层结不稳定，是产生此次冰雹的天气背景。平安地区降雹阶段平均雨滴谱和速度谱均呈多峰分布，人工观测的平安冰雹最大直径和雨滴谱仪观测的相差不大，说明雨滴谱仪能很好的观测到冰雹粒子，并且能确定最大冰雹出现的时间。雹云发展大致经历了发生、跃增、降雹和消亡等阶段，降雹前低层雷达反射率因子出现明显的“V”字型入流缺口；雹云成熟阶段具有明显的有界弱回波区结构，中低层有明显的偏南气流入流，且此时径向速度图上雹云有明显的“0线”，“0线”垂直向上，穿过悬垂回波和有界弱回波区域上部，指向冰雹云顶。此次冰雹个例的分析，对青海东北部冰雹预报具有重要的指导意义，冰雹发生前各要素变化特征是后期科学指导防雹作业点适时、适量开展人工防雹作业的重要判据。

关键词: 冰雹, 雨滴谱特征, 回波特征, 观测分析, 青海东北部

Abstract:

The Northeast of Qinghai Province is the key area for crop production and but is highly susceptible to hail. Hail forecasting, early warning, and artificial anti-hail operations are crucial strategies for reducing hail disasters. Understanding the features of hail monitoring data is fundamental to improving hail forecasting capabilities and initiating timely performing hail suppression measures. The hailstorm occurrence on June 29, 2021, Northeast of Qinghai, was analyzed using Doppler radar data, raindrop spectrum data, and high and ground data. The results revealed extreme unstable atmosphere stratification due to cold advection transportation at the upper levels, coupled with obvious temperature increases on the ground in this region, which is the weather background of this hailstorm process. During the hailstorm, the average raindrop spectrum and velocity spectrum at Pingan Station exhibited multipeak distribution. Differences between the maximum diameter of the Pingan hailstorm observed artificially and the raindrop spectrometer were insignificant, indicating the raindrop spectrometer’s efficacy in observing hail particles and determining the time of maximum hail occurrence. The developmental stages of the hail cloud were identified, encompassing occurrence, jump, hail formation, and extinction. There was an obvious “V” shaped inflow gap in the low-level radar reflectivity factor before the hail. In the mature stage, the hail cloud displayed a noticeable bounded weak echo area, with obvious southerly inflow in the middle and lower layers. The radial velocity map depicted a discernible “0 line” in the hail cloud, pointing vertically upward through the overhanging echo and bounded weak echo region, indicating the top of the hail cloud. The research results have important guiding significance for hail forecasting Northeast of Qinghai. Moreover, the characteristics of various elements preceding hail occurrence serve as important criteria for scientifically identifying sites and conducting timely and appropriate artificial hail suppression operations.

Key words: hail, raindrop spectrum characteristics, echo characteristics, observation and analysis, Northeast of Qinghai

王启花, 林春英, 刘潇, 张莉燕, 赵占秀, 张博越, 龚静. 青海东北部一次典型冰雹过程的观测分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2024, 41(2): 200-210.

WANG Qihua, LIN Chunying, LIU Xiao, ZHANG Liyan, ZHAO Zhanxiu, ZHANG Boyue, GONG Jing. Observational analysis of a hailstorm event in Northeast Qinghai[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2024, 41(2): 200-210.

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	互助	互助	平安	乐都	民和
降雹时间	17:16—17:24	17:47—17:49	18:03—18:11	18:20—18:30	18:49—18:50
最大冰雹直径/mm	7	4	16	20	-