甘肃省暖季降水日变化特征

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2024.01.01

干旱区研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (1): 1-12.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2024.01.01

甘肃省暖季降水日变化特征

周子涵¹(),王基鑫^1,²(),刘维成¹,王勇^1,^3,⁴,张君霞¹,郭润霞¹

1.兰州中心气象台，甘肃兰州 730020
2.中国科学技术大学地球和空间科学学院，安徽合肥 230026
3.兰州大学大气科学学院，甘肃兰州 730000
4.中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所，甘肃兰州 730020

收稿日期:2023-05-27 修回日期:2023-08-08 出版日期:2024-01-15 发布日期:2024-01-24
通讯作者: 王基鑫. E-mail: wangjix2015@163.com
作者简介:周子涵（1995-），女，硕士研究生，主要从事中短期天气预报技术研究. E-mail: lzzxqxtzzh1995@163.com
基金资助:
湖北省自然科学基金项目(2023AFD100);干旱气象科学研究基金项目(IAM202116);干旱气象科学研究基金项目(IAM202113);高原与盆地暴雨旱涝灾害四川省重点实验室开放研究基金项目(SZKT202103);中国气象局气象能力提升联合研究专项(23NLTSZ001);国家自然科学基金青年基金(42205083)

Diurnal variation characteristics of warm season precipitation in Gansu Province

ZHOU Zihan¹(),WANG Jixin^1,²(),LIU Weicheng¹,WANG Yong^1,^3,⁴,ZHANG Junxia¹,GUO Runxia¹

1. Lanzhou Central Meteorological Observatory, Lanzhou 730020, Gansu, China
2. School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
3. College of Atmospheric Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
4. Institute of Arid Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Lanzhou 730020, Gansu, China

Received:2023-05-27 Revised:2023-08-08 Online:2024-01-15 Published:2024-01-24

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用2013—2022年4—10月甘肃省340个气象站点逐1 h降水观测资料，揭示了甘肃省暖季降水在日变化尺度上的精细化演变特征，并分区域进行讨论分析，为甘肃省极端降水事件的研究提供科学参考。结果表明：（1）甘肃暖季降水量和降水强度日变化峰值主要出现在10:00—13:00，降水频率日峰值在夜间22:00—01:00居多。降水日变化季节性差异明显，中南部有较为集中的秋雨分布。（2）降水日变化区域性特征鲜明，祁连山区、甘肃中部和高原边坡的降水时段主要在白天，午间较强的降水强度主导着降水量的白天峰值；河西西部降水量和降水频率日峰值多出现在夜间，但短时较强降水在18:00—21:00有一定突发性；陇东南和陇东地区降水呈非均匀分布，在降水频率夜间峰值影响下夜雨频繁，但降水较强的时段分别在午后和早晨。（3）不同持续时间降水特征不同，持续时间在6 h及以下的短时降水，降水日变化多呈“双峰型”。持续时间在6 h以上的降水日变化近似于“单峰型”，多在傍晚开始，夜间达到峰值，于次日中午结束。

关键词: 日变化, 暖季降水, 不同区域, 不同持续时间, 甘肃省

Abstract:

Based on hourly precipitation observation data from 340 meteorological stations in Gansu Province from April to October 2013 to 2022, the refined evolution characteristics of warm season precipitation in Gansu Province on a diurnal variation scale were revealed. Discussions and analyses were conducted in different regions, providing a scientific reference for the study of extreme precipitation events in Gansu. The results show the following: (1) the daily peak of precipitation and precipitation intensity in the warm season in Gansu mainly occurs between 10:00 and 13:00, the daily peak of precipitation frequency primarily occurs between 22:00 and 01:00 at night, and the daily precipitation variation has obvious seasonal differences. There is a relatively concentrated distribution of autumn rain in the central and southern parts of Gansu. (2) The diurnal variation of precipitation has distinct regional characteristics. Precipitation in the Qilian Mountains and the plateau slopes of central Gansu mainly occurs during the day, with intense precipitation dominating around noon, marking the peak of daytime precipitation. Conversely, in western Hexi, the peak and frequency of daily precipitation generally occur at night, with occasional sudden heavy rainfall between 18:00 and 21:00. In southeast and eastern Gansu, the precipitation is nonuniformly distributed; nighttime rain is common due to the frequency of precipitation peaks during the night, but strong precipitation periods tend to occur in the afternoon and morning, respectively. (3) The precipitation characteristics of different durations are different. For short-term precipitation events with a duration of 6 h and below, the daily variation of precipitation is mostly “bimodal type.” Long-term precipitation events lasting more than 6 h are “unimodal type” and primarily begin in the evening, reach their peak at night, and end at noon.

Key words: diurnal variation, warm season precipitation, different regions, different durations, Gansu Province

周子涵, 王基鑫, 刘维成, 王勇, 张君霞, 郭润霞. 甘肃省暖季降水日变化特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2024, 41(1): 1-12.

ZHOU Zihan, WANG Jixin, LIU Weicheng, WANG Yong, ZHANG Junxia, GUO Runxia. Diurnal variation characteristics of warm season precipitation in Gansu Province[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2024, 41(1): 1-12.

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	降水量			降水频率			降水强度
	出现时刻	站点比例	相应振幅	出现时刻	站点比例	相应振幅	出现时刻	站点比例	相应振幅
河西西部	01:00	1.18%	2.00	01:00	2.36%	1.44	18:00	0.30%	10.61
祁连山区	10:00	0.29%	1.62	10:00	1.77%	1.34	08:00	0.29%	1.53
甘肃中部	12:00	2.95%	1.56	1:00	1.76%	1.17	11:00	2.36%	1.46
高原边坡	13:00	4.42%	1.67	14:00	3.54%	1.24	12:00	2.36%	1.52
陇东南地区	19:00	2.36%	1.39	00:00	8.26%	1.24	14:00	3.54%	1.39
陇东地区	09:00	2.65%	1.48	00:00	4.42%	1.16	07:00	2.36%	1.37

甘肃省暖季降水日变化特征

Diurnal variation characteristics of warm season precipitation in Gansu Province

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