面向SDGs的塔里木河流域农业灰水足迹分析

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2023.07.15

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

塔里木河流域地处西北干旱区是新疆重要的农牧资源交错带，研究该流域农业面源污染对促进流域农业绿色可持续发展具有重要意义。本文在灰水足迹理论的基础上，引入中国可持续发展评价指标，计算2006—2020年塔里木河流域农业灰水足迹、农业灰水足迹强度和农业灰水足迹效率，基于SDGs可持续发展框架分析其时空格局变化特征。结果表明：（1） 2006年以来，塔里木河流域农业灰水足迹整体处于下降趋势，由2006年的6.95×10¹⁰ m³（最高值）降至2017年的3.96×10¹⁰ m³（最低值），畜牧业灰水足迹在流域农业灰水足迹中年均占比为91.3%，是流域农业灰水足迹的主要来源。喀什地区对流域农业灰水足迹贡献率最高。（2）塔里木河流域农业灰水足迹强度由2006年的4.48×10⁴ m³·hm^-2下降至2017年的1.68×10⁴ m³·hm^-2，下降幅度为62.5%。2012年后，和田地区、喀什地区与克州农业面源污染下降幅度较为明显。（3）塔里木河流域农业灰水足迹效率由2006年的0.6元·m^-3上升为2019年4.03元·m^-3。2012—2020年塔里木河流域农业灰水足迹效率有一定程度的提升，不发达地区数量有所下降。为此，推进农区农牧耦合发展，调整畜禽养殖结构，提高畜禽粪便的资源化是塔里木河流域水环境改善关注的重点。

关键词: 农业灰水足迹, 农业灰水足迹强度, 农业灰水足迹效率, 可持续发展目标, 塔里木河流域

Abstract:

The dry Tarim River Basin in Northwest China acts as a crucial ecotone for Xinjiang’s agricultural and grazing resources. Therefore, studying agricultural nonpoint source pollution is essential for the green and sustainable growth of basin agriculture. This research offers a gray water footprint theory-based assessment index for China’s sustainable development. Furthermore, the Tarim River Basin’s regional and temporal variation patterns are examined using SDGs framework. The agricultural gray water footprint’s intensity and efficiencies are estimated for 2006-2020. The findings are shown as below. (1) The Tarim River Basin’s entire agricultural gray water footprint has reduced, falling from 6.95×10¹⁰ m³ in 2006 (highest value) to 3.96×10¹⁰ m³ in 2017 (lowest value). The main source of the gray water footprint is animal husbandry. (2) In the Tarim River Basin, the intensity of the agricultural gray water footprint has decreased by 62.5% from 4.48×10⁴ m³·hm^-2 in 2006 to 1.68×10⁴ m³·hm^-2 in 2017. (3) The Tarim River Basin’s agricultural gray water footprint efficiency has increased from 0.6 yuan·m^-3 in 2006 to 4.03 yuan·m^-3 in 2019. To sum up, initiatives to improve the water environment in the Tarim River Basin should emphasize encouraging the integrated development of agriculture and animal husbandry in agricultural areas, modifying the livestock and poultry breeding structure and putting livestock and poultry manure recycling into practice.

Key words: agricultural grey water footprint, agricultural grey water footprint intensity, agricultural grey water footprint efficiency, sustainable development goal, Tarim River Basin

杜慧娟, 王光耀, 冉光妍, 吕密. 面向SDGs的塔里木河流域农业灰水足迹分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(7): 1184-1193.

DU Huijuan, WANG Guangyao, RAN Guangyan, LYU Mi. Agricultural gray water footprint in the Tarim River Basin using SDGs analysise[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(7): 1184-1193.

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指标	指标含义	对应SDGs目标	基于SDGs目标的可持续发展意蕴
种植业灰水足迹	种植业总氮排放所造成的地下水污染	水环境与卫生（SDG6）	稀释水体中种植业氮元素污染所需要的淡水体积，表示水体的污染程度
畜牧业灰水足迹	畜牧业总氮排放所造成的地下水污染	水环境与卫生（SDG6）	稀释水体中畜牧业氮元素污染所需要的淡水体积，表示水体的污染程度
农业灰水足迹	农业总氮排放所造成的地下水污染	水环境与卫生（SDG6）	稀释水体中农业氮元素污染所需要的淡水体积，表示水体的污染程度
农业灰水足迹强度	单位耕地面积污染量	可持续农业（SDG2）	农业面源污染压力
农业灰水足迹效率	农业生产发展程度	可持续农业（SDG2）	农业可持续发展水平