膜下滴灌水量对土壤水盐运移及再分布的影响

干旱区研究 ›› 2011, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (1): 79-84.

膜下滴灌水量对土壤水盐运移及再分布的影响

苏里坦¹, 阿不都·沙拉木², 宋郁东¹

1. 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所中国科学院绿洲生态与荒漠环境重点实验室, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830011;
2. 新疆水利水电科学研究院, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830049

收稿日期:2010-06-28 修回日期:2010-08-11 出版日期:2011-02-25 发布日期:2011-09-06
作者简介:苏里坦(1972-),男,哈萨克族,新疆霍城人,副研究员,博士,主要从事节水灌溉与地表水文过程方面的研究.E-mail:sulitan@ms.xjb.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家重点基础研究发展计划"973"项目(2009CB421302);国家自然科学基金项目(40601019);中国科学院西部行动计划项目(KZCX2-XB2-13)和中国科学院"西部之光"人才培养计划项目(RCPY200602)共同资助

Effects of Drip Irrigation Volume on Soil Water-salt Transfer and Its Redistribution

Su Litan¹, Abudu Shalamu², SONG Yu-dong¹

1. Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology and Desert Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China;
2. Xinjiang Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Sciences, Urumqi 830049, China

Received:2010-06-28 Revised:2010-08-11 Online:2011-02-25 Published:2011-09-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过对2009年膜下滴灌土壤水盐运移的试验研究,结果表明:膜下滴灌条件下土壤水分的再分布决定了土壤盐分的分布特征,土壤平均含水率在棉花全生育期内呈现逐渐上升的趋势。在棉花生长阶段,随着灌水量的增加,土壤盐分峰值位置呈现下移的趋势。当灌水量从3 000 m³/hm²增加到4 800 m³/hm²时,盐分峰值位置向垂直方向从35 cm下移至65 cm。滴灌结束之后,土壤盐分峰值的下移顺序为:处理Ⅳ>处理Ⅲ>处理Ⅱ>处理Ⅰ,这表明灌水量的增加有利于土壤的脱盐。在时间尺度上,灌溉结束时,随着时间的推移,土壤盐分呈现从深层到地表和从膜下到膜间的双向迁移趋势。在土壤盐分平衡方面,随着灌水量的增加,棉花根层(0～40 cm)土壤发生脱盐,其脱盐率分别为2.5%,7.7%,9.7%和15.8%。与0～40 cm土层的盐分分布相比,在0～100 cm土层中,4种灌水量处理下土壤平均含盐量反而呈增加的趋势,处理Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ的土壤水电导率分别增加了0.4 dS/m,0.3 dS/m,0.3 dS/m和0.1 dS/m,积盐率分别为9.3%,6.8%,6.7%和2.6%。说明棉花在其整个生育期内,尽管膜下滴灌对浅层(根层)土壤有脱盐作用,但对于0～100 cm的土层仍有积盐作用。因此,在干旱区粉砂壤土中淋洗土壤盐分较适宜的滴灌水量为4 800 m³/hm²。

关键词: 膜下滴灌, 水盐运移, 棉花, 土壤电导率, 阿克苏, 新疆

Abstract: Because of the irrigation regime and natural factors, soil salinazation has become more and more severe in arid regions. A 3-year field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of different drip irrigation regimes on soil salinity distribution and cotton yield at Aksu National Station for Farmland Ecosystem Scientific Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The results show that the distribution of soil salinity was affected by the redistribution of soil moisture content. Average soil moisture content was gradually increased in cotton growth season. The position of peak value of soil salinity under mulch was moved downward with the increases of drip irrigation volume, and it was moved vertically from 35 cm to 65 cm when the drip irrigation volume was increased from 3 000 m³/hm² to 4 800 m³/hm². The downward movement of the position of peak value of soil salinity under mulch was in an order of the treatment Ⅳ > treatment Ⅲ > treatment Ⅱ > treatment Ⅰ after irrigation, which reveals that the increase of drip irrigation volume could promote soil desalinization. Soil salinity was moved gradually from deep soil to topsoil and from the soil layer under mulch to the inter-mulch soil layer simultaneously. With the increase of drip irrigation volume, the average soil salt content was decreased in rhizosphere (0-40 cm in depth) at the end of experiment. The soil desalinization rates of the treatment Ⅰ, treatment Ⅱ, treatment Ⅲ and treatment Ⅳ were 2.5%, 7.7%, 9.7% and 15.8% respectively. Compared with the soil salinity in soil layer of 0-40 cm in depth, the average soil salt contents for all the treatments were increased in soil layer of 0-100 cm at the end of experiment, they were increased by 0.4 dS/m, 0.3 dS/m, 0.3 dS/m and 0.1 dS/m for the treatment Ⅰ, treatment Ⅱ, treatment Ⅲ and treatment Ⅳ, and their salinization rates were 9.3%, 6.8%, 6.7% and 2.6%, respectively. Therefore, high drip irrigation volume of 4 800 m³/hm² could be the most suitable drip irrigation regime for leaching soil salinity under drip irrigation in silt loam soil in arid regions.

Key words: drip irrigation under mulch, water and salt transport, cotton, soil electric conductivity, Aksu, Xinjiang

中图分类号:

S152.7

苏里坦, 阿不都·沙拉木, 宋郁东. 膜下滴灌水量对土壤水盐运移及再分布的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2011, 28(1): 79-84.

Su Litan, Abudu Shalamu, SONG Yu-dong. Effects of Drip Irrigation Volume on Soil Water-salt Transfer and Its Redistribution[J]. , 2011, 28(1): 79-84.

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