新疆西天山峡谷不同坡位野核桃冻害特征

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2024.06.16

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

严重的冻害影响核桃生长发育甚至导致植株死亡。采用样方法调查新疆西天山峡谷野核桃自然保护区不同坡位野核桃的冻害情况，分析了野核桃冻害的分布特征，树高、冠幅和坡位对野核桃冻害的影响。结果表明：（1）野核桃总冻害率87.1%，其中，2级冻害株的比例最大（43.4%），其次为1级（ 22.5% ）、3级（ 17.5% ），4级最少（ 3.7% ）。（2）野核桃冻害株以坡中比例最大（ 46.5% ），其次坡底（ 35.9% ），坡顶最少（ 4.7% ）；未受冻害株以坡顶比例最大（ 7.4% ），其次坡底（ 3.3% ），坡中最少（ 2.2% ）。（3） 6个树高级（H）冻害株的比例依次为：H₁ （ 43.4% ） >H₄ （ 19.5% ） >H₆ （ 17.0% ） >H₅ （ 15.7% ） >H₃ （ 4.3% ） >H₂ （ 0.1% ）。（4） 6个冠幅级（CW）冻害株的比例依次为：CW₁ （ 43.4% ） >CW₄ （ 22.1% ） >CW₃ （ 20.3% ） >CW₅ （ 9.5% ） >CW₂ （ 2.9% ） >CW₆ （ 1.8% ）。（5）同一坡位不同树高级和冠幅级冻害株比例差异显著（P<0.05 ）；1级和2级冻害株主要发生在坡中和坡底，3级和4级冻害株主要发生在坡中。（6）冻害株与胸径呈显著相关（P<0.05），与冠幅呈极显著负相关（P<0.01）。保护区的野核桃植株大部分遭受冻害，野核桃植株冻害等级比例在不同坡位、不同树高级和不同冠幅级之间差异较大。本研究结果为保护区的管理和野核桃冻害的预防提供科学参考。

关键词: 野核桃, 冻害, 树高, 冠幅, 坡位, 新疆

Abstract:

Severe freezing injury has a significant impact on the growth and development of walnuts (Juglans regia), even leading to plant death in some cases. This study employed the sample method to examine the freezing injury to J. regia in the Wild Walnut Nature Reserve located in the West Tianshan valley in Xinjiang. The distribution characteristics of freezing injury among J. regia were analyzed, and the influence of tree height, crown width, and slope position on the extent of freezing injury was investigated. The results indicated that (1) the total freezing injury rate of J. regia was 87.1%. Among these, the proportion of plants with grade 2 freezing injury was the largest (43.4%), followed by grade 1 (22.5%), grade 3 (17.5%), and grade 4 (3.7%). (2) the proportion of freezing injury in J. regia plants was the largest in the middle of slope (46.5%), followed by the bottom (35.9%), and the top (4.7%); the proportion of uninjured plants was the maximum at the top of slope (7.4%), followed by the bottom (3.3%), and the middle (2.2%). (3) the proportion of freezing injured plants in the six height classes (H) was most prominent in H₁ (43.4%), followed by H₄ (19.5%), H₆ (17.0%), H₅ (15.7%), H₃ (4.3%), and H₂ (0.1%). (4) the proportion of freezing injured plants in the six crown width classes (CW) was most extensive in CW₁ (43.4%), followed by CW₄ (22.1%), CW₃ (20.3%), CW₅ (9.5%), CW₂ (2.9%), and CW₆ (1.8%). (5) the proportion of freezing injured plants in different H and CW classes at the same slope position differed significantly (P<0.05). Plants with grade 1 and 2 freezing injuries were mainly restricted to the middle and bottom of the slope, and those with grade 3 and 4 injuries to the middle. (6) freezing injury in plants was markedly correlated with diameter at breast height (P<0.05) and extremely negatively correlated with CW (P<0.01). Most J. regia plants in the Reserve suffered from freezing injury, and the proportions of freezing injury grades varied conspicuously among the different slope positions and different H and CW classes. The results of this study provide a scientific reference for the management of the Wild Walnut Nature Reserve and the prevention of freezing injury in J. regia.

Key words: Juglans regia, freezing injury, tree height, crown width, slope position, Xinjiang

柳华清, 王博, 贾妍妍, 解欣然, 张维. 新疆西天山峡谷不同坡位野核桃冻害特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2024, 41(6): 1079-1088.

LIU Huaqing, WANG Bo, JIA Yanyan, XIE Xinran, ZHANG Wei. Characterization of the freezing injury to Juglans regia at different slope positions in the West Tianshan valley of Xinjiang, China[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2024, 41(6): 1079-1088.

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等级	株数	比例/%
0	166	12.9
1	289	22.5
2	558	43.4
3	225	17.5
4	47	3.7
合计	1285	100.0

	合计	1级	2级	3级	4级
胸径/cm	0.058^*	-0.450^**	0.264^**	0.220^**	-0.038
树高/m	0.034	-0.423^**	0.225^**	0.230^**	-0.057^*
冠幅/m	-0.096^**	-0.461^**	0.217^**	0.157^**	-0.034
坡位/(°)	-0.002	0.060^*	0.113^**	-0.197^**	-0.036