新疆2018年冬季雨雪风沙强降尘事件

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2023.05.01

干旱区研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (5): 681-690.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2023.05.01

新疆2018年冬季雨雪风沙强降尘事件

薛一波^1,²(),黄双燕^1,²,张小啸^2,³(),雷加强²,李生宇²

1.中国科学院大学，北京 101408
2.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所，国家荒漠-绿洲生态建设工程技术研究中心，新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
3.中国科学院大气物理研究所，大气边界层物理和大气化学国家重点实验室，北京 100029

收稿日期:2023-01-29 修回日期:2023-03-20 出版日期:2023-05-15 发布日期:2023-05-30
通讯作者: 张小啸. E-mail: zhangxx@ms.xjb.ac.cn
作者简介:薛一波（2000-），男，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为干旱区大气环境. E-mail: xueyibo22@mails.ucas.ac.cn
基金资助:
中国科学院西部青年学者项目(2020-XBQNXZ-015);国家自然科学基金项目(42177088);“天山英才”培养计划(2022TSYCCX0012)

Study on the strong winter airborne dustfall mixed rain and snow events in Xinjiang, China in 2018

XUE Yibo^1,²(),HUANG Shuangyan^1,²,ZHANG Xiaoxiao^2,³(),LEI Jiaqiang²,LI Shengyu²

1. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
2. National Construction Engineering Technology Research Center for Desert-Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
3. State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China

Received:2023-01-29 Revised:2023-03-20 Online:2023-05-15 Published:2023-05-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

2018年11月30—12月3日中国西北新疆地区发生了罕见的冬季雨雪风沙强降尘天气事件，基于气象观测记录、环境监测和大气降尘连续观测数据，分析研究了此次异常天气过程的大气污染物的时空变化特点及其环境影响。结果显示：该天气过程造成新疆90%以上的绿洲城市遭受大气颗粒物污染，污染组分主要以粗颗粒污染物为主，环境PM₁₀（空气动力学直径≤10 μm的颗粒物）最大浓度高达4745 μg·m^-3；大风天气与PM₁₀浓度以及空气质量指数（Air Quality Index，AQI）高度正相关；首府乌鲁木齐市大气颗粒物总沉降量约90×10⁴~152×10⁴ t，大气降尘强度均值为85 g·m^-2，超过城市年均值的60%。此次冬季异常雨雪风沙天气过程导致环境空气重污染和高降尘量，风蚀沙尘颗粒物在大气环流场急流作用下传输到绿洲区域，对城市大气环境质量的恶化影响显著，塔克拉玛干沙漠是造成此次西北新疆地区大范围强降尘事件的主要源地。

关键词: 大气环境, 异常天气过程, 冬季强降尘, 大气颗粒物, 新疆

Abstract:

An unusual winter synoptic process of mixed rain and snow with strong airborne dustfall occurred in Xinjiang, northwestern China from November 30 to December 3, 2018. Based on the meteorological records, environmental monitoring data, and continuous atmospheric dustfall observations, we analyzed the characteristics of the air pollutants during the synoptic process and studied their impact on the environment. The results showed that, during this anomalous synoptic process, >90% of the oasis cities in Xinjiang Province, China were affected by the atmospheric particulate pollution. The inhalable particulate matter comprised mostly coarse particles. This abnormal synoptic process caused the concentration of particulate matter to rapidly rise with PM₁₀(particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm) concentration in Xinjiang reaching a maximum of 4745 μg·m^-3. The occurrence of strong winds in the Xinjiang cities was highly positively correlated with the elevated PM₁₀concentration and air quality index. This synoptic process resulted in a total atmospheric dust deposition of approximately 0.9-1.52 million tons in the provincial capital city of Urumqi. The average airborne dustfall intensity in Urumqi was 85 g·m^-2, exceeding the city’s annual average by 60%. This anomalous winter rain and snow mixed with eolian dust caused severe pollution of the atmosphere as well as intense atmospheric dustfall. Under the action of atmospheric circulation with jet streams, enormous amounts of particulates were transported to the oasis areas, seriously deteriorating the quality of the atmosphere in the urban environment. The Taklamakan Desert is the main pollution source for these strong winter dustfall events in Xinjiang, northwestern China.

Key words: atmospheric environment, anomalous synoptic process, strong winter dustfall, atmospheric particulates, Xinjiang

薛一波, 黄双燕, 张小啸, 雷加强, 李生宇. 新疆2018年冬季雨雪风沙强降尘事件[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(5): 681-690.

XUE Yibo, HUANG Shuangyan, ZHANG Xiaoxiao, LEI Jiaqiang, LI Shengyu. Study on the strong winter airborne dustfall mixed rain and snow events in Xinjiang, China in 2018[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(5): 681-690.

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时间	最大PM₁₀浓度/（μg·m^-3）	最大AQI值^*	最低能见度/m	最大风速/（m·s^-1）^**
2018-11-30	690（吐鲁番）	466（吐鲁番）	70（石河子）	14（乌鲁木齐）
2018-12-01	4745（阿克苏）	435（吐鲁番）	10（乌鲁木齐）	23（阿克苏）
2018-12-02	1865（五家渠）	475（石河子）	80（石河子）	14（吐鲁番）
2018-12-03	1035（阿克苏）	467（喀什）	330（阿图什）	10（和田）

新疆2018年冬季雨雪风沙强降尘事件

Study on the strong winter airborne dustfall mixed rain and snow events in Xinjiang, China in 2018

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