不同生境和基质对经过牛消化道的新疆野苹果种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2024.05.10

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究不同生境和基质对经过牛消化道的新疆野苹果（Malus sieversii）种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响，根据种子经过牛消化道在野外沉积的不同生境和不同基质，设置3个生境（林缘、林隙、林下）和4种处理[W（经过消化道种子+完整粪便）、P（经过消化道种子+破碎粪便）、T（经过消化道种子+土壤）和对照C（未经过消化道种子+土壤）]进行野外控制性实验。结果显示，不同生境和不同处理间新疆野苹果种子萌发率、幼苗存活率和幼苗生物量均有显著性差异（P<0.05）。在林缘生境中，土壤基质的种子萌发率高于粪便基质，而在林隙和林下生境中则相反。林缘和林隙生境下的幼苗存活率显著高于林下。在相同处理下，幼苗生物量表现为林缘>林隙>林下；在相同生境下，林缘和林隙生境的幼苗生物量表现为粪便基质>土壤基质。生境和基质的异质性是影响经过牛消化道的新疆野苹果种子在野外萌发和初期幼苗建成的主要原因。

关键词: 新疆野苹果, 消化道传播, 生境, 基质, 种子萌发, 幼苗生长

Abstract:

This study aimed to reveal the effects of different habitats and substrates on seed germination and seedling growth of Malus sieversii after passing through digestive tract of cattle. A controlled experiment was set up in field based on the different habitats and substrates in which seeds were deposited after passing through the digestive tract of cattle. The three habitats were as follows: forest edges, gaps, and understory. The four treatments were as follows: W (seeds through digestive tract+intact feces), P (seeds through digestive tract+broken feces), T (seeds through digestive tract+soil), and control C (seeds not through digestive tract+soil). The results showed that: The seed germination rates, seedling survival rate, and seedling biomass of M. sieversii were significantly different (P<0.05) in different habitats and treatments. In the forest edge habitat, seeds germinated rate was higher in soil substrate compared to fecal substrate, while the gaps and understory habitats showed the opposite trend. Seedling survival rate was significantly higher in the forest edge and gaps habitats compared to the understory habitat. Under the same treatment, seedling biomass was higher in the forest edge compared to the gaps, and higher in the gaps compared to the understory. Within the same habitat, seedling biomass from fecal substrate in forest edge and gap habitats surpassed that of soil substrate. The study revealed that the heterogeneity of habitat and substrate is the main reason that affects the seed germination and seedling establishment of M. sieversii after passing through digestive tract of cattle.

Key words: Malus sieversii, endozoochory, habitats, substrate, seed germination, seedling growth

白事麟, 吕雅雅, 师小军. 不同生境和基质对经过牛消化道的新疆野苹果种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2024, 41(5): 821-829.

BAI Shilin, LYU Yaya, SHI Xiaojun. Effects of different habitats and substrates on seed germination and seedling growth of Malus sieversii after passing through digestive tract of cattle[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2024, 41(5): 821-829.

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生境	处理	株高/mm	基茎/mm	主根长/mm	叶片数/个
林缘	W	43.99±0.83Aa	1.47±0.03Ab	90.98±4.18Aa	6.00±0.20Aa
	P	41.24±1.29Aa	1.61±0.03Aa	85.76±3.27Aa	5.80±0.20Aab
	T	34.87±1.20Ab	1.41±0.03Ab	72.87±9.64Ab	6.00±0.14Aa
	C	34.76±1.10Ab	1.25±0.02Ac	79.32±2.54Aab	5.40±0.19Ab
林隙	W	51.30±1.39Aa	1.42±0.04Aa	75.10±3.95ABa	5.20±0.17ABa
	P	43.51±1.13Ab	1.46±0.03Bab	71.81±3.17Ba	5.671±0.16Aa
	T	32.24±1.39Ac	1.39±0.03Aab	83.06±5.78Aa	5.33±0.13Aa
	C	28.67±0.70Bc	1.30±0.03Ab	84.72±7.60Aa	5.56±0.18Aa
林下	W	38.54±2.59Ba	1.20±0.02Bb	65.13±4.96Ba	4.18±0.28Ba
	P	34.06±1.25Bab	1.21±0.02Cb	66.18±1.49Ba	4.20±0.14Ba
	T	29.96±1.03Aab	1.30±0.02Aa	69.49±1.63Aa	4.33±0.24Ba
	C	27.64±1.35Bb	1.29±0.02Aa	71.59±2.74Aa	3.80±0.24Ba