退耕还林（草）工程实施前后黄河中游生境质量时空变化分析

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2023.03.12

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

科学认识生境质量的时空变化特征及其发展趋势，对黄河中游生态保护修复以及高质量发展具有重要的现实意义。本文基于1992—2020年欧洲航空航天局逐年的土地覆盖数据，采用InVEST模型估算生境质量，运用Sen+MK检验和Hurst指数分析方法，探究了退耕还林(草)工程实施前后黄河中游的生境质量时空变化和发展趋势。研究结果表明：（1）整体上看，29 a来黄河中游地区生境质量整体较好，平均生境质量指数为0.652，但呈现小幅下降趋势（每10 a下降0.004），从局部上看，退耕还林（草）区生境质量呈现上升趋势（每10 a上升0.174），其中，2011—2020年上升趋势最为显著，10 a增加了0.656；（2） 2001—2020年黄河中游地区生境质量发生时空变化的趋势类型以明显降低为主，但从不同时间段的发展来看，2011—2020年较2001—2010年生境质量向好发展的面积增多，体现在退耕还林（草）区的生境质量上升；（3）未来黄河中游地区生境质量发生时空变化趋势类型以明显降低和明显上升为主，且可持续性较强，明显降低区主要分布在汾渭平原以及城市集中发展区域，明显上升区主要位于山西省、陕西省以及内蒙古自治区三地交界片区。

关键词: 生境质量, InVEST模型, 退耕还林, CCI-LC, 黄河流域

Abstract:

It is of great practical significance for the ecological protection, rehabilitation, and high-quality development of the middle reaches of the Yellow River to analyze the spatial and temporal characteristics of habitat quality and its development trend. On the basis of the land cover data of the European Aeronautics and Space Administration from 1992 to 2020, the InVEST model was used to estimate the habitat quality. Sen+MK test and Hurst index analysis methods were applied to explore the spatial and temporal changes and development trends of the habitat quality in the middle reaches of the Yellow River before and after the implementation of the Grain for Green Project. Results showed that the habitat quality in the middle reaches of the Yellow River was good overall in recent 29 years, with the average habitat quality index of 0.652. However, a slight downward trend was observed (a drop of 0.004 per decade). Meanwhile, the habitat quality in the Grain for Green area showed an upward trend (an increase of 0.174 per decade), of which the most significant reached 0.656 recorded from 2011 to 2020. The spatial and temporal changes of habitat quality in the middle reaches of the Yellow River from 2001 to 2020 mainly showed an obvious decrease trend. In terms of the development of different time periods, the area with good habitat quality in 2011-2020 increased compared with that in 2001-2010. This finding was reflected in the improvement of habitat quality in the Grain for Green area. In the future, the temporal and spatial changes of habitat quality in the middle reaches of the Yellow River will be dominated by obvious decrease and obvious increase trends, respectively, and the sustainability will be strong. The significantly reduced areas will be mainly distributed in the Fenwei plain and the urban centralized development areas, and the significantly increased areas will be mainly located in the border areas of Shanxi Province, Shaanxi Province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

Key words: habitat quality, InVEST model, the Grain for Green Project, CCI-LC, the Yellow River Basin

陈实, 黄银兰, 金云翔. 退耕还林（草）工程实施前后黄河中游生境质量时空变化分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(3): 456-468.

CHEN Shi, HUANG Yinlan, JIN Yunxiang. Spatiotemporal changes of habitat quality before and after the implementation of Grain for Green Project in the middle reaches of the Yellow River[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(3): 456-468.

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土地利用/覆盖类型	生境适宜度	胁迫因子
土地利用/覆盖类型	生境适宜度	耕地	人造地表	未利用地
耕地	0.3	0	0.8	0.4
林地	1	0.6	0.4	0.2
草地	1	0.8	0.6	0.6
湿地	0.9	0.6	0.7	0.4
水体	0.7	0.5	0.4	0.2
人造地表	0	0	0	0.1
未利用地	0.6	0.6	0.4	0

威胁因子	最大胁迫距离	权重	空间衰退类型
耕地	6	0.6	线性
人造地表	9	0.9	指数
未利用地	4	0.4	线性

变化类型	2001—2020年		2001—2010年		2011—2020年
变化类型	变化像元数/个	百分比%	变化像元数/个	百分比%	变化像元数/个	百分比%
明显降低	30026	80.71	37097	84.56	25391	57.49
轻微降低	161	0.43	964	2.20	931	2.11
轻微上升	2482	6.67	2086	4.76	10588	23.97
明显上升	4534	12.19	3718	8.48	7258	16.43
总计	37203	100.00	43865	100.00	44168	100.00

变化类型	2001—2020年		2001—2010年		2011—2020年
变化类型	变化像元数/个	百分比%	变化像元数/个	百分比%	变化像元数/个	百分比%
明显降低	0	0	4	0.28	25	0.52
轻微降低	0	0	0	0	0	0
轻微上升	1970	60.65	944	65.01	3867	80.50
明显上升	1278	39.35	504	34.71	912	18.98
总计	3248	100.00	1452	100.00	4804	100.00