丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)对蒙古沙冬青幼苗的促生特性及作用机制

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2023.01.09

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为解决蒙古沙冬青（Ammopiptanthus mongolicus）幼苗根系不发达、再生性差、移栽造林成活率低的技术难题及其资源的有效扩繁和保存，试验采用丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）不同接菌方式处理蒙古沙冬青实生幼苗根系，分析AMF对其侵染状况及植株生长和生物量的变化，根系及叶片生理特性、根际土壤酶活性变化及其与幼苗生长和生物量变化的关联性。研究旨在探讨根系菌根化作用对蒙古沙冬青幼苗的促生长及作用机制。结果表明：丛枝菌根真菌（根内根孢囊霉Rhiaophagus intraradice，摩西斗管囊霉Funneliformis mosseae）可有效侵染蒙古沙冬青幼苗根系并与其根系构建互惠共生体，不同菌种与宿主植物的亲和程度存在差异。（1）单接菌和混合接菌与未接菌（CK）相比生长量均有所提高，主要表现在植物株高（34.7%~47.3%）和根长（32.7%~72.9%）相对较大。其中混合接菌较单接菌处理显著增加了总根投影面积、总根体积、根冠比、根干重及根表面积、植株总生物量和苗木质量指数。（2）接种AMF，特别是接种R. i+F. m幼苗根系活力、根系阳离子交换量及根系可溶性蛋白含量较对照显著提升338.7%、177.2%和240.4%，根系硝酸还原酶及碱性磷酸酶活性也显著高于单一接菌（R. i、F. m）及未接菌处理。同时该处理下幼苗叶净光合速率和可溶性蛋白含量较对照显著提高237.5%和54.3%。（3） 3种接菌方式均可显著提升蒙古沙冬青幼苗根际土壤脲酶、碱性磷酸酶和蔗糖酶活性，且3种土壤酶均在混合接菌时活性提升速率最为显著，分别较对照激增564.7%、145.8%和154.3%。综合以上指标分析，AMF通过侵染蒙古沙冬青根系刺激幼苗根际土壤酶的产生和分泌并促进其根系阳离子交换及活力提升，有助于增强根系代谢过程中酶促作用及蛋白等营养物质的积累，同时影响和改善了幼苗光合代谢和营养储存，从而促进沙冬青根系及幼苗生长和生物量累积。

关键词: 丛枝菌根真菌, 根系菌根化, 幼苗生长, 蒙古沙冬青

Abstract:

To solve the technical problems of underdeveloped root systems, poor regeneration, and low survival rate of transplanting and afforestation of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus seedlings, as well as the effective propagation and preservation of its resources. In this experiment, AMF were used to treat the roots of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus seedlings using different inoculation methods. The infection status of AMF, the changes in plant growth and biomass, the physiological characteristics of roots and leaves, the changes in rhizosphere soil enzyme activities, and their correlation with seedling growth and biomass were analyzed. This study aimed to explore the growth promotion and mechanism of root mycorrhization in Ammopiptanthus mongolicus. The results showed that AMF (Rhiaophagus intraradice, Funneliformis mosseae) could effectively infect the roots of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus seedlings and construct a mutualistic symbiont with their roots. The degree of affinity between different strains and host plants varies. (1) The growth of single and mixed inoculations was higher than that of non-inoculation (CK), which was mainly reflected in the relatively large plant height (34.7%-47.3%) and root length (32.7%-72.9%). Compared with single inoculation, mixed inoculation significantly increased the root projection area, root volume, root-shoot ratio, root dry weight, root surface area, biomass, and seedling quality index. (2) After AMF inoculation, the root activity, cation exchange capacity, and soluble protein content of the mixed inoculated seedlings (R. i+F. m) increased significantly by 338.7%, 177.2%, and 240.4% compared with the control. The nitrate reductase and alkaline phosphatase activities of the roots were also significantly higher than those of the single inoculated (R. i and F. m) and non-inoculated seedlings. Simultaneously, the net photosynthetic rate and soluble protein content in the leaves of seedlings under this treatment increased significantly by 237.5% and 54.3% compared with the control. (3) The activities of urease, alkaline phosphatase, and invertase in the rhizosphere soil of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus seedlings increased significantly using the three inoculation methods, and the enzyme activities of the three soils increased most significantly under the mixed inoculation treatment, surging by 564.7%, 145.8%, and 154.3%, respectively, compared with the control. The comprehensive analysis of the above indicators, AMF could stimulate the production and secretion of enzymes in the rhizosphere of seedlings and promote the cation exchange capacity and root activity by infecting the Ammopiptanthus mongolicus roots, which was helpful in enhancing the enzymatic effect and nutrient accumulation, such as proteins in the process of root metabolism, and affected and improved the photosynthetic metabolism and nutrient storage of seedlings, to promote the growth and biomass accumulation of roots and seedlings of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus.

Key words: Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Fungi, root mycorrhization, seedling growth, Ammopiptanthus mongolicus

王紫瑄, 解甜甜, 王雅茹, 杨杰艳, 杨秀清. 丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)对蒙古沙冬青幼苗的促生特性及作用机制[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(1): 78-89.

WANG Zixuan, XIE Tiantian, WANG Yaru, YANG Jieyan, YANG Xiuqing. Growth promotion and mechanism of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on Ammopiptanthus mongolicus seedlings[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(1): 78-89.

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处理	菌根侵染率/%	菌根依赖性/%
R. i	32c	12.8c
F. m	53b	32.3b
R. i+F. m	61a	39.8a

		CK	R. i	F. m	R. i+F. m
地上部分	苗高/cm	5.51±0.01c	7.43±0.32b	7.42±0.02b	8.11±0.06a
	地径/mm	1.89±0.09b	2.01±0.16b	2.70±0.07a	2.70±0.04a
	叶干重/g	0.10±0.00c	0.12±0.00b	0.13±0.00b	0.16±0.01a
	地上部分鲜重/g	1.30±0.03c	2.11±0.12b	2.08±0.01b	3.46±0.17a
地下部分	根长/cm	9.72±0.46c	13.73±0.43b	12.90±0.75b	16.80±0.34a
	根干重/g	0.02±0.00c	0.03±0.00b	0.04±0.00b	0.05±0.00a
	根鲜重/g	0.31±0.02b	0.39±0.07ab	0.54±0.05a	0.58±0.05a
	总根投影面积/cm²	0.52±0.06c	1.00±0.00b	0.89±0.00b	1.40±0.01a
	根表面积/cm²	1.77±0.05d	3.15±0.00b	2.80±0.00c	4.37±0.00a
	根平均直径/mm	0.40±0.09b	0.89±0.00a	0.88±0.00a	0.97±0.01a
	总根体积/cm³	0.02±0.00c	0.07±0.00b	0.07±0.01b	0.11±0.01a
根冠比		0.10±0.00c	0.17±0.00b	0.18±0.01b	0.23±0.01a
生物量/g		0.17±0.00c	0.22±0.00b	0.23±0.00b	0.29±0.00a
苗木质量指数		0.01±0.00d	0.02±0.00c	0.02±0.00b	0.04±0.00a

指标	R/T	TB	RA	CEC	R-NR	R-ALP	LSP	NPn	S-UE	S-ALP	S-SC
R/T	1
TB	0.97^**	1
RA	0.95^**	0.95^**	1
CEC	0.96^**	0.90^**	0.83^*	1
R-NR	0.98^**	0.94^**	0.97^**	0.92^**	1
R-ALP	0.96^**	0.90^**	0.95^**	0.91^**	0.99^**	1
LSP	0.97^**	0.91^**	0.88^**	0.98^**	0.96^**	0.96^**	1
NPn	0.93^**	0.84^**	0.79^*	0.97^**	0.90^**	0.91^**	0.98^**	1
S-UE	0.96^**	0.99^**	0.92^**	0.93^**	0.95^**	0.90^**	0.92^**	0.85^**	1
S-ALP	0.96^**	0.91^**	0.96^**	0.87^**	0.96^**	0.98^**	0.92^**	0.86^**	0.88^**	1
S-SC	0.88^**	0.82^*	0.84^**	0.87^**	0.93^**	0.94^**	0.92^**	0.89^**	0.84^**	0.89^**	1