灌溉水矿化度和钠吸附比互作对膜下滴灌棉花生长及产量的影响

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2024.12.09

干旱区研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (12): 2071-2082.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2024.12.09 cstr: 32277.14.AZR.20241209

灌溉水矿化度和钠吸附比互作对膜下滴灌棉花生长及产量的影响

解玉彩¹^,²^,³(), 刘浩²^,³, 赵丰年¹^,², 张磊¹^,², 赵鑫¹^,², 师卓¹^,², 王兴鹏¹^,²^,⁴^,⁵^,⁶()

1.塔里木大学水利与建筑工程学院，新疆阿拉尔 843300
2.中国农业科学院西部农业研究中心，新疆昌吉 831100
3.中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所/农业农村部作物需水与调控重点开放实验室，河南新乡 453002
4.塔里木大学自治区教育厅普通高等学校现代农业工程重点实验室，新疆阿拉尔 843300
5.农业农村部西北绿洲节水农业重点实验室，新疆石河子 832000
6.塔里木大学塔里木绿洲农业教育部重点实验室，新疆阿拉尔 843300

收稿日期:2024-03-26 修回日期:2024-09-27 出版日期:2024-12-15 发布日期:2024-12-20
通讯作者: 王兴鹏. E-mail: 13999068354@163.com
作者简介:解玉彩（1995-），女，硕士研究生，主要从事作物高效用水理论与技术研究. E-mail: 17753206379@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划课题(2022YFD1900502);国家自然科学基金面上项目(52479044);第一师阿拉尔市财政科技计划项目(2024NY15)

Effects of irrigation water mineralization and sodium adsorption ratio on the growth and yield of drip-irrigated cotton under film

XIE Yucai¹^,²^,³(), LIU Hao²^,³, ZHAO Fengnian¹^,², ZHANG Lei¹^,², ZHAO Xin¹^,², SHI Zhuo¹^,², WANG Xingpeng¹^,²^,⁴^,⁵^,⁶()

1. College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Tarim University, Aral 843300, Xinjiang, China
2. West Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, Xinjiang, China
3. Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Water Requirement and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xinxiang 453002, Henan, China
4. Modern Agricultural Engineering Key Laboratory at Universities of Education Department of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Tarim University, Aral 843300, Xinjiang, China
5. Key Laboratory of Northwest Oasis Water-Saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
6. Key Laboratory of Tarim Oasis Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Tarim University, Aral 843300, Xinjiang, China

Received:2024-03-26 Revised:2024-09-27 Published:2024-12-15 Online:2024-12-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了缓解水资源供需矛盾，弥补淡水水资源的不足，利用微咸水和咸水灌溉成为了缓解用水危机的重要途径，同时在相同灌溉水矿化度下，灌溉水钠吸附比（SAR）的不同对棉花生长和产量的影响也会不同。因此，为了进一步探讨灌溉水矿化度和钠吸附比对棉花的影响，以棉花为研究对象，设计了3种不同灌溉水矿化度水平，分别为3 g·L^-1（T3）、5 g·L^-1（T5）和7 g·L^-1（T7）；每种矿化度设计3种不同钠吸附比（SAR）水平，分别为10 (mmol·L^-1)^1/2（S10）、15 (mmol·L^-1)^1/2（S15）和20 (mmol·L^-1)^1/2（S20），并以当地淡水灌溉作为对照（CK)，共10个处理，研究不同灌溉水矿化度和SAR组合对土壤盐分、棉花生长、植株离子积累、产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明：土壤盐分随着灌溉水矿化度或SAR的增加而增加，随着土壤深度的增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势；植株Na⁺含量随着灌溉水矿化度或SAR的增加而增加，二者的交互作用对植株Na⁺含量有极显著影响；而植株K⁺含量、K⁺/Na⁺和N含量均随着灌溉水矿化度或SAR的增加而降低。株高、茎粗、叶面积指数和干物质量均随着灌溉水矿化度或钠吸附比的增加呈现下降趋势，灌溉水矿化度或钠吸附比极显著地抑制了干物质量的积累。灌溉水矿化度或SAR对单株铃数、单铃重、籽棉产量和耗水量（ET）有极显著影响，灌溉水SAR对水分利用效率（WUE）有极显著影响。与CK处理相比，T3S10的产量和WUE分别增加了3.27%和1.09%，T5S10的产量和WUE分别提高了2.54%和0.47%，T3S15的产量增加了1.18%，说明适度降低灌溉水SAR可以缓解矿化度增加导致棉花减产程度。不同矿化度和SAR灌溉水增加了棉花植株Na⁺含量，降低了K⁺和N营养的吸收，增大了K⁺/Na⁺，所以，棉花株高、茎粗、叶面积和干物质积累量随着灌溉水矿化度或SAR的增加逐渐降低。与CK处理相比，T3S10、T3S15、T5S10处理的单株铃数和单铃重增加。综上，当利用灌溉水矿化度为3 g·L^-1，SAR<15 (mmol·L^-1)^1/2或灌溉水矿化度为5 g·L^-1，SAR<10 (mmol·L^-1)^1/2的咸水进行灌溉时能保证棉花产量不受影响，研究结果可为新疆及其他干旱地区的水资源管理和农业可持续发展提供理论依据和数据支撑。

关键词: 棉花, 灌溉水, 矿化度, 钠吸附比, 干物质积累量, 产量, 水分利用效率

Abstract:

To address the imbalance between the supply and demand of water resources and compensate for the shortage of freshwater resources, the use of brackish and saline water for irrigation has become crucial. Simultaneously, the effects of different sodium adsorption ratios (SAR) on cotton growth and yield can vary under the same degree of mineralization in irrigation water. Therefore, to further explore the effects of irrigation water mineralization and SAR on cotton, we established three mineralization treatments at 3 g·L^-1(T3), 5 g·L^-1(T5), and 7 g·L^-1(T7). Additionally, we designed three SAR treatments at 10 (mmol·L)^1/2(S10), 15 (mmol·L)^1/2(S15), and 20 (mmol·L)^1/2(S20). Local freshwater irrigation served as a control (CK). In total, 10 treatments were conducted in this experiment to examine the combined effects of irrigation water mineralization and SAR costress on soil salinity, cotton growth, plant ion accumulation, yield, and water use efficiency. The results indicated that soil salinity increased with higher irrigation water mineralization or SAR, initially rising before decreasing with increasing soil depth. Plant Na⁺ content increased with increasing irrigation water mineralization or SAR, with the interaction effect between these factors being highly significant. Conversely, plant K⁺, K⁺/Na⁺, and N content decreased as irrigation water mineralization or SAR increased. Additionally, plant height, stem thickness, leaf area index, and dry matter mass all showed a significant decreasing trend with increased irrigation water mineralization and SAR, with significant inhibition of dry matter accumulation observed. Irrigation water mineralization and SAR significantly affected the number of bolls per plant, boll weight, seed cotton yield, and water consumption (ET). Moreover, irrigation water SAR significantly affected water use efficiency (WUE). Compared to the CK treatment, yield and WUE increased by 3.27% and 1.09% in T3S10, 2.54% and 0.47% in T5S10, and 1.18% in T3S15, respectively. This increase indicated that moderately reducing the irrigation water SAR can help mitigate yield reduction in cotton due to increased mineralization. Different levels of mineralization and SAR in irrigation water increased the Na⁺ content in cotton plants while reduced K⁺ and N nutrient uptake, and increased the K⁺/Na⁺ ratio. Consequently, cotton plant height, stem thickness, leaf area, and dry matter accumulation gradually decreased as irrigation water mineralization or SAR increased. The number of bolls per plant and boll weight increased in the T3S10, T3S15, and T5S10 treatments compared to the CK treatment. In conclusion, using brackish water with an irrigation water mineralization of 3 g·L^-1 and SAR below 15 (mmol·L^-1)^1/2, or an irrigation water mineralization of 5 g·L^-1 with SAR below 10 (mmol·L^-1)^1/2, can ensure cotton yield. These findings provide a theoretical basis and reference for the efficient use of brackish water in Xinjiang and other extreme arid regions.

Key words: cotton, irrigation water, mineralization, sodium adsorption ratio, dry matter accumulation, yield, water use efficiency

解玉彩, 刘浩, 赵丰年, 张磊, 赵鑫, 师卓, 王兴鹏. 灌溉水矿化度和钠吸附比互作对膜下滴灌棉花生长及产量的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2024, 41(12): 2071-2082.

XIE Yucai, LIU Hao, ZHAO Fengnian, ZHANG Lei, ZHAO Xin, SHI Zhuo, WANG Xingpeng. Effects of irrigation water mineralization and sodium adsorption ratio on the growth and yield of drip-irrigated cotton under film[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2024, 41(12): 2071-2082.

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处理	SAR/（mmol·L^-1）^1/2	矿化度/（g·L^-1）	主要离子含量/（mg·L^-1）
处理	SAR/（mmol·L^-1）^1/2	矿化度/（g·L^-1）	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Na⁺	K⁺	Cl^-	SO₄^2-
CK	8.74	1.44	103.60	42.07	419.09	6.45	648.10	87.54
T3S10	10.10	3.00	356.69	42.07	759.08	6.45	1616.02	87.54
T3S15	15.10	3.00	209.40	42.07	918.27	6.45	1604.10	87.54
T3S20	20.11	3.00	121.78	42.07	1013.00	6.45	1597.01	87.54
T5S10	10.11	5.00	789.42	42.07	1077.46	6.45	2864.91	87.54
T5S15	15.08	5.00	536.00	42.07	1350.00	6.45	2844.47	87.54
T5S20	20.11	5.00	368.69	42.07	1532.23	6.45	2830.87	87.54
T7S10	10.10	7.00	1269.42	42.07	1344.74	6.45	4117.63	87.54
T7S15	15.14	7.00	914.87	42.07	1727.97	6.45	4088.95	87.54
T7S20	20.11	7.00	671.24	42.07	1991.32	6.45	4069.24	87.54

灌水日期	灌水定额/mm	施肥量
灌水日期	灌水定额/mm	N/（kg·hm^-2）	P/（kg·hm^-2）	K/（kg·hm^-2）
6月15日	37.5	20.70	0.00	0.00
6月22日	36.48	13.80	9.00	4.80
6月29日	34.89	20.70	13.50	9.60
7月6日	38.49	34.50	22.50	9.60
7月13日	41.22	27.60	18.00	9.60
7月20日	43.95	27.60	13.50	24.00
7月27日	38.27	20.70	9.00	24.00
8月3日	42.45	13.80	9.00	19.20
8月10日	43.14	13.80	9.00	14.40
8月17日	37.37	13.80	9.00	4.80
8月24日	26.36	0.00	0.00	0.00
灌水总量和施肥量	420.12	207.00	112.50	120.00

处理	收获密度/（10⁴株·hm^-2）	单株铃数/个	单铃重/g	籽棉产量/（kg·hm^-2）	ET/mm	WUE/（kg·m^-3）
CK	19.73a	4.74cd	6.55a	6119.7a	415.62a	1.47ab
T3S10	19.31a	5.26a	6.61a	6319.6a	424.70a	1.49a
T3S15	19.44a	4.87bc	6.56a	6191.9a	421.60a	1.47ab
T3S20	19.48a	4.52de	6.15b	5305.8bcd	393.96b	1.35abc
T5S10	19.47a	5.14ab	6.59a	6274.9a	424.08a	1.48a
T5S15	19.80a	4.72cd	6.17b	5594.2b	397.58b	1.41abc
T5S20	20.06a	4.43e	5.85c	4928.2de	370.23c	1.33bc
T7S10	19.35a	4.69cde	6.08bc	5366.3bc	378.39c	1.42abc
T7S15	18.40a	4.63cde	6.06bc	5116.1cd	377.83c	1.35abc
T7S20	19.92a	4.09f	5.47d	4629.7e	358.57d	1.29c
T	ns	**	**	**	**	ns
S	ns	**	**	**	**	**
T×S	ns	ns	ns	ns	**	ns

灌溉水矿化度和钠吸附比互作对膜下滴灌棉花生长及产量的影响

Effects of irrigation water mineralization and sodium adsorption ratio on the growth and yield of drip-irrigated cotton under film

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