干旱区研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (6): 1976-1985.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2022.06.27
张慧1,2(),张凯1,2(
),陈冰1,2,杨川1,2,柳萍1,2
收稿日期:
2022-06-20
修回日期:
2022-08-25
出版日期:
2022-11-15
发布日期:
2023-01-17
通讯作者:
张凯
作者简介:
张慧(1997-),女,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为水分高效利用. E-mail: 基金资助:
ZHANG Hui1,2(),ZHANG Kai1,2(
),CHEN Bing1,2,YANG Chuan1,2,LIU Ping1,2
Received:
2022-06-20
Revised:
2022-08-25
Online:
2022-11-15
Published:
2023-01-17
Contact:
Kai ZHANG
摘要:
研究了不同灌溉量对新疆棉花生长发育及产量形成的影响,旨在为新疆高产棉田水分高效利用提供理论依据。在膜下滴灌条件下开展大田试验,以正常灌溉量为对照(3071 m3·hm-2,I100),设3个亏缺梯度,轻度亏缺(2686 m3·hm-2,I85),中度亏缺(2421 m3·hm-2,I75),重度亏缺(1955 m3·hm-2,I60),在不同生育期测定了棉花株高、主茎节数、果枝数、结铃和脱落特征,在采收期测定了棉花产量构成,并计算了灌溉水利用效率。结果表明:(1) 各亏缺灌溉处理比正常灌溉处理下棉花的蕾期、花期、盛铃期、吐絮期分别提前了1~2 d、2~4 d、3~8 d、4~11 d;(2) 在进入铃期之前,棉花株高、主茎节间长度表现出随着灌溉量减少呈现先增加后降低的趋势,铃期之后均随着灌溉量的减少而降低;棉花在中部和下部冠层的结铃数和坐果数均随着灌水量的降低而减少,其中中部冠层的坐果数在不同灌溉处理间差异显著(P<0.05);(3) 在采收期,I100处理的籽棉产量为6090 kg·hm-2,分别比亏缺灌溉处理高出7.4%~27.3%;灌溉水利用效率随着灌溉量的减少而提高,最高为2.27 kg·m-3。在综合考虑农业生产、水资源高效利用和生态环境等方面效益时,建议对新疆棉花进行适度亏缺灌溉,在保证较高作物产量的同时,提高灌溉水利用效率、节约水资源,实现社会经济和生态环境效益的最优化。
张慧,张凯,陈冰,杨川,柳萍. 不同灌溉量对新疆棉花生长发育及产量形成的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(6): 1976-1985.
ZHANG Hui,ZHANG Kai,CHEN Bing,YANG Chuan,LIU Ping. Effects of different irrigation rates on cotton growth and yield formation in Xinjiang[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(6): 1976-1985.
表4
不同灌溉量对棉花各器官生物量的影响"
处理 | 根 /(g·株-1) | 茎 /(g·株-1) | 叶 /(g·株-1) | 壳 /(g·株-1) | 絮+籽 /(g·株-1) | 营养器官 /(g·株-1) | 生殖器官 /(g·株-1) | 总生物量 /(g·株-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I100 | 4.98±0.10a | 20.05±0.65a | 2.34±0.21 | 19.43±0.94a | 49.3±1.21a | 27.37±0.68a | 68.73±1.12a | 96.1±1.73a |
I85 | 4.71±0.15a | 15.17±0.18b | 3.52±0.83 | 13.03±0.23b | 33.85±0.41b | 23.40±0.82b | 46.88±0.62b | 70.28±1.27b |
I75 | 3.91±0.14b | 14.12±0.53b | 2.58±0.72 | 12.52±0.53b | 34.32±0.60b | 20.61±0.97c | 46.84±1.1b | 67.45±1.65b |
I60 | 4.69±0.23a | 14.85±0.42b | 2.65±0.28 | 11.89±0.43b | 33.03±1.24b | 22.19±0.81bc | 44.92±1.67b | 67.11±1.58b |
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