应用膜下灌排联动技术对提高土壤淋洗效果的影响

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2021.04.12

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

膜下滴灌结合暗管排水技术是一种复合型节水灌排技术,为了进一步研究在新疆的影响,在新疆生产建设兵团141团安集海地区通过设置膜下滴灌结合暗管排水(T1)、膜下滴灌无暗管排水(T2)和无膜下滴灌无暗管排水(T3)3个不同处理进行棉花田间试验。结果表明:(1) 相同土层下T1、T2、T3处理土壤含水率的变化幅度依次为6.32%、10.03%、14.32%,即:T1T2>T3;(2) T1处理在0~60 cm土层土壤含盐量均降低,20 cm、40 cm、60 cm土层土壤含盐量分别下降了63.06%、60.62%、48.42%;在棉花生育后期,T2处理在20 cm、40 cm土壤含盐量下降,60 cm土壤含盐量增加,即表层土壤脱盐会造成深层土壤积盐;T3处理生育期末期出现表层返盐现象;(3) 棉花生育末期,T1处理下20 cm、40 cm、60 cm土层土壤有机质含量均增加,未铺设暗管的T2、T3处理有机质含量减少;(4) 膜下滴灌结合暗管排水技术0~60 cm以内随土层深度增加土壤渗透性改善越好。(5) 暗管排出水的pH、含盐量均大于灌溉水,说明暗管排水的同时带走了土壤中的盐分,有助于土壤盐碱的改良。

关键词: 棉花, 膜下滴灌, 暗管排水, 盐分淋洗, 新疆

Abstract:

Drip irrigation under film combined with subsurface drainage technology is a type of composite water-saving irrigation and drainage technology. We conducted field experiments in the Anjihai area of 141 production and construction corporations of Xinjiang using three different treatments to study the effect of the technology of drip irrigation under mulch combined with the drainage of underground pipes on the soil leaching effect: Drip irrigation under mulch combined with the drainage of underground pipes (T1), drip irrigation under mulch without the drainage of underground pipes (T2), and drip irrigation without the drainage of underground pipes (T3). We found that under the same soil layer, the changes in the soil moisture content of T1, T2, and T3 treatments were 6.32%, 10.03%, and 14.32%, respectively, which indicated that the T1 treatment could better maintain the stability of soil moisture than the T2 and T3 treatments, and the soil water conservation effect of different treatments was T1>T2>T3. The soil salt content of the 0-60 cm soil layer decreased in the T1 treatment, and it was 63.06%, 60.62%, and 48.42% in the 20 cm, 40 cm, and 60 cm soil layers, respectively. The soil salt content of the 20 cm and 40 cm soil layers decreased in the T2 treatment, but it increased in the 60 cm soil layer, indicating that desalination of the surface soil caused salt accumulation in the deep soil layer, and the surface salt returned in the T3 treatment, at the end of growth period. At the end of the cotton-growing period, the content of soil organic matter increased in the 20 cm, 40 cm, and 60 cm soil layers, but it decreased in the T2 and T3 soil layers without concealed pipes. With the increase in soil depth, the permeability of the soil improved within 0-60 cm. The pH and salt content of the water discharged by the concealed pipe were higher than that of the irrigation water, which indicates that the concealed pipe drained away the salt in the soil at the same time, which is helpful for the improvement of soil salinity and alkalinity. The study provides a theoretical basis for the improvement and management of saline, alkali land in Xinjiang.

Key words: cotton, drip irrigation under mulch, concealed pipe drainage, salt leaching, Xinjiang

王东旺,王振华,陈林,李文昊. 应用膜下灌排联动技术对提高土壤淋洗效果的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(4): 1010-1019.

WANG Dongwang,WANG Zhenhua,CHEN Lin,LI Wenhao. Effect of drip irrigation under mulch combined with drainage by concealed pipes on soil leaching in Xinjiang[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(4): 1010-1019.

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土层深度 /cm	土壤干容重 /(g·cm^-3)	田间质量含水率/%	含盐量 /(g·kg^-1)
0~10	1.45	22.89	7.14
10~20	1.46	20.49	6.93
20~30	1.52	20.88	8.25
30~40	1.53	20.62	8.81
40~50	1.54	20.37	9.66
50~60	1.59	20.87	9.34
60~70	1.67	21.51	11.12
70~100	1.63	21.70	9.23
平均值	1.55	21.17	8.81