西藏易贡湖流域地表水水化学特征及其控制因素

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2024.02.08

干旱区研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 250-260.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2024.02.08

西藏易贡湖流域地表水水化学特征及其控制因素

邵杰¹(), 杨欣杰¹(), 陈喜庆¹, 滕超¹, 易锦俊¹, 董美玲¹, 张泽琛¹, 曹军¹, 朱宁¹, 肖登¹, 孙思远¹, 吕菲²

1.中国地质调查局自然资源实物地质资料中心，河北三河 065201
2.国家川藏铁路技术创新中心,四川成都 610200

收稿日期:2023-07-13 修回日期:2023-11-01 出版日期:2024-02-15 发布日期:2024-03-11
通讯作者: 杨欣杰. E-mail: yxinjie@mail.cgs.gov.cn
作者简介:邵杰(1989-)，男，硕士，工程师，主要从事水工环地质调查与研究工作. E-mail: shaojie@mail.cgs.gov.cn
基金资助:
中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20230138);中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20221814);中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20221814-01);中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20221814-02);国家地下水监测工程运行与维护(河北省秦皇岛地下水与海平面综合监测站运行维护(2023))

Hydrochemical characteristics and control factors of surface water in the Yigong Lake Basin, Tibet

SHAO Jie¹(), YANG Xinjie¹(), CHEN Xiqing¹, TENG Chao¹, YI Jinjun¹, DONG Meiling¹, ZHANG Zechen¹, CAO Jun¹, ZHU Ning¹, XIAO Deng¹, SUN Siyuan¹, LYU Fei²

1. Cores and Samples Center of Natural＆Resources (CSCNR), China Geological Survey(CGS), Sanhe 065201, Hebei, China
2. National Sichuan-Tibet Railway Technology Innovation Center, Chengdu 610200, Sichuan, China

Received:2023-07-13 Revised:2023-11-01 Online:2024-02-15 Published:2024-03-11

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究易贡湖流域地表水水化学特征及其控制因素，以藏东南易贡湖流域为研究对象，采集了26组地表水样，绘制了水样点主要离子线性变化趋势图、Gibbs图及Piper三线图等，运用相关分析、线性趋势分析、数理统计和离子比等方法。分析了研究区地表水主要离子特征及其控制因素，揭示了研究区地表水水中的主要物质来源。结果显示：易贡湖流域地表水阳离子主要为Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺，K⁺和Na⁺含量较低，4种阳离子的含量关系为：Ca²⁺>Mg²⁺>Na⁺>K⁺，阴离子主要为 $H C O 3 -$ 、 $S O 4 2 -$ 和Cl^-， $N O 3 -$ 和F^-含量较低，阴离子含量关系为： $H C O 3 -$ > $S O 4 2 -$ >Cl^-> $N O 3 -$ >F^-，H₂SiO₃浓度值变化平稳，围绕6.9 mg·L^-1上下波动变化，pH值沿程变化平稳，在7.84~8.37之间，水体属于弱碱性。Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺和 $H C O 3 -$ 是构成易贡湖流域地表水中的3种主要离子，水化学类型以HCO₃-Ca·Mg或HCO₃-Ca型为主。岩石溶滤作用是主要控制因素，阳离子交替吸附作用和蒸发浓缩作用均相当微弱，人为活动影响十分有限。

关键词: 水化学, 相关性分析, 物质来源, 易贡湖流域

Abstract:

This study examines the hydrochemical characteristics and controlling factors of surface water in the Yigong Lake Basin, southeast Tibet, through the collection of 26 groups of surface water samples. Linear trend diagrams, Gibbs diagrams, and Piper diagrams of the main ions in the water sample points were drawn. Moreover, correlation analysis, linear trend analysis, mathematical statistics, and ion ratio were used to analyze the surface water’s main ion characteristics and controlling factors in the study area, unveiling its material sources. The results show that the predominant cations in the Yigong Lake Basin surface area were Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺, while K⁺and Na⁺ levels were relatively low. The hierarchy of cation content was Ca²⁺> Mg²⁺> Na⁺> K⁺. Among anions, $H C O 3 -, S O 4 2 -,$ and Cl^- dominated, with relatively low levels of $N O 3 -$ and F^-. The hierarchy of anion content was $H C O 3 -$ > $S O 4 2 -$ >Cl^-> $N O 3 -$ >F^-, and the concentration value of H₂SiO₃ maintained a steady fluctuation around 6.9 mg·L^-1. The pH value consistently ranged between 7.84 and 8.37, indicating weak alkalinity. The three main ions in the surface water of the Yigong Lake Basin were Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, and $H C O 3 -$ , and the hydrochemical types were mainly HCO₃-Ca·Mg or HCO₃-Ca. Rock leaching was the primary controlling factor, with minimal influence from cation-alternating adsorption, evaporation, or human activities on water concentration.

Key words: water chemistry, correlation analysis, material source, Yigong Lake Basin

邵杰, 杨欣杰, 陈喜庆, 滕超, 易锦俊, 董美玲, 张泽琛, 曹军, 朱宁, 肖登, 孙思远, 吕菲. 西藏易贡湖流域地表水水化学特征及其控制因素[J]. 干旱区研究, 2024, 41(2): 250-260.

SHAO Jie, YANG Xinjie, CHEN Xiqing, TENG Chao, YI Jinjun, DONG Meiling, ZHANG Zechen, CAO Jun, ZHU Ning, XIAO Deng, SUN Siyuan, LYU Fei. Hydrochemical characteristics and control factors of surface water in the Yigong Lake Basin, Tibet[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2024, 41(2): 250-260.

图/表 10

图1

表1

图2

图3

图4

表2

主要离子之间的相关性分析关系"

	K⁺	Ca²⁺	Na⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^-	$S O 4 2 -$	$H C O 3 -$	$N O 3 -$	F^-	TDS
K⁺	1.00	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Ca²⁺	0.745^*	1.00	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Na⁺	0.228	0.220	1.00	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Mg²⁺	0.171^**	0.393^*	0.638	1.00	-	-	-	-	-	-
Cl^-	0.024^**	0.123	0.892	0.549^*	1.00	-	-	-	-	-
$S O 4 2 -$	0.323^**	0.827	0.089	0.528^**	0.004	1.00	-	-	-	-
$H C O 3 -$	0.772	0.726	0.665	0.590^**	0.543	0.391^*	1.00	-	-	-
$N O 3 -$	0.171	0.018^**	0.117	0.008	-0.072	-0.003	0.052	1.00	-	-
F^-	-0.167	0.062^**	0.409^*	0.782	0.324	0.388	0.167	0.145	1.00	-
TDS	0.734^*	0.936^**	0.476	0.640^**	0.349	0.768^**	0.886^**	0.039	0.267	1.00

表2

图5

图6

图7

图8

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编号	天气状况	水样类型	有无外界干扰	采样日期/年-月-日	编号	天气状况	水样类型	有无外界干扰	采样日期/年-月-日
S1	晴朗	湖水	无	2022-10-13	S14	晴朗	湖水	无	2022-10-15
S2	晴朗	湖水	无	2022-10-13	S15	晴朗	湖水	无	2022-10-15
S3	晴朗	湖水	无	2022-10-13	S16	晴朗	湖水	无	2022-10-15
S4	晴朗	湖水	无	2022-10-13	S17	晴朗	湖水	无	2022-10-15
S5	晴朗	湖水	无	2022-10-13	S18	晴朗	湖水	无	2022-10-15
S6	晴朗	湖水	无	2022-10-13	S19	晴朗	湖水	无	2022-10-15
S7	晴朗	湖水	无	2022-10-13	S20	晴朗	湖水	无	2022-10-15
S8	晴朗	湖水	无	2022-10-14	S21	晴朗	湖水	无	2022-10-16
S9	晴朗	湖水	无	2022-10-14	S22	晴朗	湖水	无	2022-10-16
S10	晴朗	湖水	无	2022-10-14	S23	晴朗	湖水	无	2022-10-16
S11	晴朗	湖水	无	2022-10-14	S24	晴朗	湖水	无	2022-10-16
S12	晴朗	湖水	无	2022-10-14	S25	晴朗	湖水	无	2022-10-16
S13	晴朗	湖水	无	2022-10-14	S26	晴朗	湖水	无	2022-10-16

西藏易贡湖流域地表水水化学特征及其控制因素

Hydrochemical characteristics and control factors of surface water in the Yigong Lake Basin, Tibet

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