新疆玛纳斯河流域地下水砷氟分布及共富集成因

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2023.09.06

干旱区研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (9): 1425-1437.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2023.09.06

新疆玛纳斯河流域地下水砷氟分布及共富集成因

康文辉^1,^2,³(),周殷竹⁴,孙英^1,^2,³,周金龙^1,^2,³(),曹月婷⁴,鲁涵^1,^2,³,涂治^1,^2,³

1.新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院，新疆乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆水文水资源工程技术研究中心，新疆乌鲁木齐 830052
3.新疆水利工程安全与水灾害防治重点实验室，新疆乌鲁木齐 830052
4.中国地质调查局水文地质环境地质调查中心，河北保定 071051

收稿日期:2023-03-27 修回日期:2023-06-15 出版日期:2023-09-15 发布日期:2023-09-28
通讯作者: 周金龙
作者简介:康文辉（1998-），男，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为水文地球化学及地下水保护. E-mail: 1754243549@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42007161)

Distribution and coenrichment of arsenic and fluorine in the groundwater of the Manas River Basin in Xinjiang

KANG Wenhui^1,^2,³(),ZHOU Yinzhu⁴,SUN Ying^1,^2,³,ZHOU Jinlong^1,^2,³(),CAO Yueting⁴,LU Han^1,^2,³,TU Zhi^1,^2,³

1. College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China
2. Xinjiang Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering Research Center, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China
3. Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Security and Water Disasters Prevention, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China
4. Center for Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology Survey, China Geological Survey, Baoding 071051, Hebei, China

Received:2023-03-27 Revised:2023-06-15 Online:2023-09-15 Published:2023-09-28
Contact: Jinlong ZHOU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

砷（As）、氟（F）污染水体及其共存问题是环境领域的热点问题，长期暴露其中对公众的身体健康存在巨大威胁。以新疆玛纳斯河流域为研究区，分析高As、高F地下水的水化学及空间分布特征，结合地质条件、赋存环境和人类活动的影响进一步阐明地下水As和F的来源、迁移与富集的水文地球化学过程。结果表明：研究区地下水整体为弱碱性、还原环境的淡水，地下水As、F质量浓度变化范围分别为1.13~41.35 μg·L^-1、0.06~8.02 mg·L^-1，高As、高F地下水水样占总水样的62.9%、45.7%，砷氟共富集占总水样的37.1%。砷氟共富集地下水主要分布在平原区北部靠近沙漠边缘，水化学类型主要为HCO₃·Cl型和HCO₃·SO₄·Cl型。研究区南部山区高As、高F岩层是地下水As、F的原生来源，区域地质构造与水文地质条件是影响地下水砷氟富集的重要因素。玛纳斯河流域高As地下水具有高pH值、低γSO₄^2-/γCl^-比、低Eh等特征，说明弱碱性的还原环境有利于地下水中As富集；高F地下水具有高pH值、高HCO₃^-、高Na⁺和低Ca²⁺等特征，说明高Na⁺和低Ca²⁺的碱性环境有利于地下水中F富集。

关键词: 砷, 氟, 共富集, 水化学, 地质条件, 玛纳斯河流域

Abstract:

Arsenic (As) and fluoride (F) pollution in water bodies, along with their coexistence, are critical environmental concerns, with long-term exposure posing a significant threat to public health. This study focuses on the Manas River Basin as the research area, analyzing the hydrochemical, and spatial distribution characteristics of groundwater with high As and F content. Furthermore, the study aims to elucidate the hydrogeochemical processes related to the origin, migration, and enrichment of As, and F in groundwater, considering geological conditions, occurrence environments, and the influence of human activities. The results show that the groundwater in the study area exhibits an alkaline-reducing environment. The mass concentrations of As and F in groundwater range from 1.13 to 41.35 μg·L^-1 and from 0.06 to 8.02 mg·L^-1, respectively. Groundwater samples with high As and F content constituted 62.9% and 45.7% of the total samples, respectively, while samples with a coenrichment of As and F accounted for 37.1% of the total samples. As-F coenriched groundwater is mainly distributed in the northern plain region, near the edge of the desert, with the dominant hydrochemical types being HCO₃·Cl and HCO₃·SO₄·Cl. The primary sources of As and F in groundwater are high-content rock strata found in the southern mountainous area of the Manas River Basin. The high pH value, low SO₄^2-/Cl^-molar ratio, and low Eh of the high-As-content groundwater in the Manas River Basin indicate that a weak alkaline-reducing environment facilitates As enrichment in groundwater. Conversely, groundwater with high F content is characterized by high pH, HCO₃^-, and Na⁺ levels, as well as low Ca²⁺, indicating that an alkaline environment with high Na⁺ and low Ca²⁺content favors F enrichment in groundwater.

Key words: arsenic, fluoride, coenrichment, water chemistry, geological conditions, Manas River Basin

康文辉,周殷竹,孙英,周金龙,曹月婷,鲁涵,涂治. 新疆玛纳斯河流域地下水砷氟分布及共富集成因[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(9): 1425-1437.

KANG Wenhui,ZHOU Yinzhu,SUN Ying,ZHOU Jinlong,CAO Yueting,LU Han,TU Zhi. Distribution and coenrichment of arsenic and fluorine in the groundwater of the Manas River Basin in Xinjiang[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(9): 1425-1437.

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指标	单一结构潜水（n=3）			承压水区潜水（n=4）			承压水（n=28）
指标	均值	最小值	最大值	均值	最小值	最大值	均值	最小值	最大值
pH	7.86	7.36	8.28	7.87	7.77	7.97	8.71	8.11	9.09
K⁺+Na⁺	65.12	24.60	100.36	478.64	24.47	1565.54	168.87	36.42	843.83
Ca²⁺	54.42	31.30	88.20	126.13	34.52	277.50	27.55	3.20	290.70
Mg²⁺	8.67	5.60	14.60	134.61	4.14	397.60	11.70	0.49	152.00
Cl^-	42.39	14.18	70.00	453.82	21.00	1092.00	135.22	14.18	1178.00
SO₄^2-	110.81	57.43	206.00	981.14	31.55	3143.00	161.46	15.30	1488.00
HCO₃^-	178.29	109.88	264.00	323.57	120.00	895.00	151.76	95.23	615.00
TDS	376.28	215.85	612.00	2339.55	195.00	6803.00	591.63	174.49	4020.00
EC	568.33	265.00	959.00	3226.25	311.00	8804.00	887.43	228.00	5845.00
DO	0.84	0.22	1.42	0.79	0.06	1.37	0.46	0.01	1.27
Eh	-44.43	-51.60	-36.60	-40.90	-60.90	-30.30	-96.79	-125.10	81.20
As	1.27	1.13	1.38	2.80	1.13	4.00	18.95	1.81	41.35
F	0.21	0.06	0.28	0.57	0.26	1.41	1.92	0.44	8.02

指标	含水层类型	N	最小值	最大值	均值	超标个数	超标率/%
砷As	单一结构潜水	3	1.13	1.38	1.27	0	0.0
	承压水区潜水	4	1.13	4.00	2.80	0	0.0
	承压水	28	1.81	41.35	18.95	22	78.6
氟F	单一结构潜水	3	0.06	0.28	0.21	0	0.0
	承压水区潜水	4	0.26	1.41	0.57	1	25.0
	承压水	28	0.44	8.02	1.92	15	53.6

指标	含量	N	最小值	最大值	均值
pH	As≤10 μg·L^-1	13	7.36	8.70	8.11
	F≤1 mg·L^-1	19	7.36	9.02	8.38
	As>10 μg·L^-1	22	8.36	9.09	8.79
	F>1 mg·L^-1	16	7.97	9.09	8.73
	砷氟共富集取样点	13	8.66	9.09	8.88

新疆玛纳斯河流域地下水砷氟分布及共富集成因

Distribution and coenrichment of arsenic and fluorine in the groundwater of the Manas River Basin in Xinjiang

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