岱海盆地地下水化学特征及成因

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2021.06.06

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

岱海面积日趋萎缩,水质日益恶化,已经对区域生态环境安全造成严重影响。通过水文地质调查、水样采集,结合统计分析、舒卡列夫分类、矿物饱和指数、离子比例分析、氯碱指数等水化学分析方法,对岱海盆地地下水水化学特征及成因进行研究,以期揭示影响岱海区域地下水水环境演化的主要因素。结果表明：（1）岱海盆地地下水呈弱碱性,水化学类型以HCO₃-Ca·Mg型水为主;从盆地边缘到岱海,水化学类型从HCO₃-Ca向Cl-Na型过渡,控制水化学成分的作用由溶滤作用向蒸发浓缩作用过渡。（2）地下水水化学组分主要受溶滤、离子交换、脱硫酸以及人为作用控制,其中碳酸盐矿物、硅酸盐矿物、石膏和岩盐的溶解沉淀对地下水化学组分有重要影响。（3）NO₃^--N含量受氮肥、人畜粪便排放等人为作用影响;地下水赋存特征对NO₃^--N浓度垂直分布存在明显影响。

关键词: 地下水, 水化学特征, 水-岩相互作用, 岱海盆地

Abstract:

The Daihai area is shrinking daily and water quality is deteriorating, which is adversely impacting regional ecological environment security. This study examined the characteristics and origin of groundwater in the Daihai basin using hydrogeological surveys, water sample collection, statistical analysis, Shukarev classification, ion proportion coefficients, and mineral saturation indices. The results show (1) Daihai lake is slightly salty alkaline. (2) Groundwater in the Daihai basin is weakly alkaline and the hydrochemical profile is mainly HCO₃-Ca·Mg water. From the edge of the basin to Daihai, the hydrochemical profile transitions from HCO₃-Ca to Cl-Na, which controls the action of hydrochemical component transition from leaching to evaporation and concentration. (3) The hydrochemistry of groundwater is mainly controlled by leaching, ion exchange, desulfurization acid, and human action, among which the dissolution and precipitation of carbonate minerals, silicate minerals, gypsum, and rock salt largely influence the chemical composition of groundwater. (4) Finally, NO₃^--N content was influenced by human activity, such as nitrogen fertilizers and human and animal manure discharge. Combined, these groundwater characteristics can significantly affect the vertical distribution of NO₃^--N concentrations.

Key words: groundwater, hydrochemical characteristics, water-rock interaction, Daihai basin

张文琦,董少刚,马铭言,赵镇,陈悦. 岱海盆地地下水化学特征及成因[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(6): 1546-1555.

ZHANG Wenqi,DONG Shaogang,MA Mingyan,ZHAO Zhen,CHEN Yue. Chemical characteristics and origin of groundwater in the Daihai basin[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(6): 1546-1555.

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指标		K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^-	SO₄^2-	HCO₃^-	NO₃^--N	TDS	pH
岱海湖水	平均值	6.6	4060.0	24.0	265.2	6541.1	144.0	1281.2	-	11683.1	9.1
	最大值	6.7	4086.0	24.6	269.1	6578.0	148.0	1284.2	-	11744.4	9.2
	最小值	6.5	4032.0	23.2	259.1	6501.4	139.0	1275.5	-	11603.0	9.0
	标准差	0.1	27.1	0.7	5.4	38.4	4.6	5.0	-	72.6	0.1
潜水	平均值	1.0	32.9	66.2	24.5	39.6	38.7	265.5	32.3	386.0	7.8
	最大值	2.0	117.9	140.3	63.2	159.5	144.0	347.7	157.5	779.5	8.1
	最小值	0.4	12.4	40.1	7.3	10.6	-	183.0	7.01	215.7	7.6
	标准差	0.5	29.2	24.3	14.0	46.6	35.9	41.0	40.8	158.2	0.1
	变异系数	0.5	0.9	0.4	0.6	1.2	0.9	0.2	1.3	0.4	0.0
承压水	平均值	1.1	51.5	54.8	20.5	42.4	40.1	277.0	16.1	383.7	8.0
	最大值	3.5	290.0	70.1	40.1	241.1	153.6	488.1	52.1	935.8	8.2
	最小值	0.4	12.9	14.0	9.7	14.2	-	213.5	-	243.8	7.6
	标准差	0.7	78.4	12.9	8.2	57.5	38.3	75.8	13.1	198.8	0.2
	变异系数	0.6	1.5	0.2	0.4	1.4	1.0	0.3	0.8	0.5	0.0

	类型	个数	采样点
潜水	HCO₃-Ca·Mg	9	DQ-02、DQ-04、DQ-05、DQ-06、DQ-08、DQ-11、DQ-12、DQ-13、DQ-14
	HCO₃-Ca	4	DQ-01、DQ-03、DQ-16、DQ-17
	HCO₃·Cl-Ca·Na	1	DQ-07
	HCO₃·Cl-Ca·Mg	1	DQ-09
	HCO₃·SO₄-Mg·Ca	1	DQ-10
	HCO₃-Na·Ca	1	DQ-15
承压水	HCO₃-Ca·Mg	10	DS-01、DS-02、DS-03、DS-04、DS-09、DS-12、DS-13、DS-14、DS-15、DS-17
	HCO₃-Ca·Na	3	DS-07、DS-10、DS-11
	HCO₃-Ca	2	DS-05、DS-06
	HCO₃·Cl-Na	2	DS-08、DS-16

矿物	饱和指数范围	溶解沉淀方程
生石膏	-3.24~-1.86	CaSO₄=Ca²⁺+SO₄^2-
霰石	0.11~0.83	CaCO₃=Ca²⁺+CO₃^2-
方解石	0.26~0.97	CaCO₃=Ca²⁺+CO₃^2-
白云石	0.24~2.10	CaMg(CO₃)₂=Ca²⁺+Mg²⁺+2CO₃^2-
石膏	-3.02~-1.64	CaSO₄·2H₂O=Ca²⁺+SO₄^2-+2H₂O
温石棉	-4.24~-0.16	Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄+6H⁺=H₂O+2H₄SiO₄+3Mg²⁺
海泡石	-3.02~0.20	Mg₂Si₃O_7.5OH·3H₂O+4H⁺+0.5H₂O=2Mg²⁺+3H₄SiO₄
滑石	-0.51~4.14	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂+4H₂O+6H⁺=3Mg²⁺+4H₄SiO₄
岩盐	-8.45~-5.89	NaCl=Na⁺+Cl^-

	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^-	SO₄^2-	HCO₃^-	NO₃^-	SiO₂	TDS	pH
K⁺	1
Na⁺	0.783^**	1
Ca²⁺	-0.174	-0.174	1
Mg²⁺	0.206	0.051	0.409^*	1
Cl^-	0.595^**	0.764^**	0.380^*	0.470^**	1
SO₄^2-	0.734^**	0.706^**	-0.146	0.292	0.483^**	1
HCO₃^-	0.586^**	0.871^**	-0.050	0.285	0.765^**	0.612^**	1
NO₃^-	0.063	-0.056	0.819^**	0.616^**	0.445^**	-0.094	0.044	1
SiO₂	0.794^**	0.744^**	-0.314	-0.079	0.399^*	0.669^**	0.495^**	-0.118	1
TDS	0.716^**	0.846^**	0.299	0.482^**	0.942^**	0.696^**	0.850^**	0.405^*	0.554^**	1
pH	0.533^**	0.503^**	-0.389^*	0.138	0.213	0.555^*	0.478^**	-0.205	0.466^**	0.369^*	1