石河子市浅层地下水化学特征及其成因分析

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2021.01.08

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究新疆石河子市地下水化学特征及成因,采用描述性统计和Piper三线图对研究区19个潜水和25个浅层承压水水样的主要离子组分含量及水化学类型进行统计分析,并运用Schoeller图、Gibbs图和离子比值图等方法分析影响研究区地下水化学特征形成的主要因素。结果表明：石河子市浅层地下水为低矿化度的弱碱性水,水化学类型以HCO₃-Ca和HCO₃·SO₄-Ca型为主,其次是HCO₃·SO₄-Na型。影响潜水水化学特征的主要是岩石风化作用和地表水蒸发浓缩后的渗透补给,影响浅层承压水水化学特征的主要因素是岩石风化作用;地下水中少量Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺来自碳酸盐的溶解,一部分Ca²⁺来自硫酸盐的溶解,Na⁺和Cl^-主要来自岩盐的溶解;γ（Na⁺-Cl^-）与γ（Ca²⁺+Mg²⁺）-γ（HCO₃^-+SO₄²⁺）呈负相关关系,表明阳离子交换作用也是浅层地下水中化学组分形成的重要作用之一。

关键词: 浅层地下水, 水化学特征, 成因分析, 石河子市

Abstract:

We studied the groundwater hydrochemical characteristics from the Shihezi City, Xinjiang. We used descriptive statistics and trilinear diagrams of Piper to analyze the main groundwater chemical contents and hydrochemical types of 19 phreatic groundwater and 25 shallows confined to groundwater samples. We used Schoeller diagram, Gibbs diagram and ion ratio diagram to analyze the causes of groundwater chemical characteristics formation. The shallow groundwater had weak alkaline water with low salinity, and the total groundwater hardness was 68.4%. The groundwater total dissolved solids were 97.7% in fresh groundwater. The main cations were Ca²⁺ and Na⁺+K⁺, and the main anions were HCO₃^- and SO₄^2-. The groundwater recharge sources were different in space, and ions might migrate from relatively high concentration points to relatively low concentration points along the groundwater flow direction. The primary groundwater hydrochemical types were HCO₃-Ca and HCO₃·SO₄-Ca, followed by HCO₃·SO₄-Na. The Gibbs diagram results showed that the phreatic groundwater was mainly affected by both rock weathering and infiltration recharge after evaporation-concentration of surface water, while shallow confined groundwater was affected primarily by rock weathering. The saturation index method and ion ratio diagram indicated that the main ions in groundwater originated from the dissolution of evaporite. The dissolution of halite was the primary source of K⁺ and Na⁺ in groundwater, and the dissolution of evaporite or calcium magnesium silicate was the main source of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺. There was a negative correlation between γ(Na⁺-Cl^-) and γ(Ca²⁺+Mg²⁺)-γ(HCO₃^- + SO₄^2-), indicated that cation exchange also played an essential role in the hydrochemical formation of shallow groundwater. Shihezi City is a typical oasis city in the Northwest arid region. Our results revealed the formation mechanism of shallow groundwater and provided a scientific basis for the rational development and utilization of shallow groundwater and water treatment.

Key words: shallow groundwater, hydrochemical characteristics, cause analysis, Shihezi City

曾小仙,曾妍妍,周金龙,雷米,孙英. 石河子市浅层地下水化学特征及其成因分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(1): 68-75.

ZENG Xiaoxian,ZENG Yanyan,ZHOU Jinlong,LEI Mi,SUN Ying. Hydrochemical characteristics and cause analysis of the shallow groundwater in Shihezi City[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(1): 68-75.

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地下水类型	统计值	pH	TH	TDS	K⁺+Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^-		HCO₃^-
潜水（n=19）	最大值/（mg·L^-1）	8.34	1076.0	2400.3	361.3	245.7	112.4	355.6	1121.4	366.5
	最小值/（mg·L^-1）	7.27	81.1	176.0	10.5	13.2	4.9	14.2	29.7	85.5
	平均值/（mg·^-1）	7.91	273.1	513.4	66.3	74.7	20.7	58.3	178.5	174.5
	标准差/（mg·L^-1）	0.32	223.06	492.03	77.19	53.15	23.47	75.88	241.98	76.67
	变异系数/%	4.05	81.68	95.84	116.43	71.15	113.38	130.15	135.56	43.94
浅层承压水（n=25）	最大值/（mg·L^-1）	8.35	784.4	1413.1	190.5	213.4	72.8	234.7	589.7	403.1
	最小值/（mg·L^-1）	7.06	77.5	150.0	18.5	23.5	4.8	8.5	25.0	100.7
	平均值/（mg·L^-1）	7.82	312.0	531.1	52.1	81.8	26.2	45.2	199.8	207.1
	标准差/（mg·L^-1）	0.28	214.26	341.04	42.04	56.91	20.97	47.34	168.08	94.20
	变异系数/%	3.58	68.67	64.21	80.69	69.57	80.04	104.73	84.12	45.49

地下水类型	统计值	方解石（CaCO₃）	白云石[CaMg（CO₃）₂]	石膏（CaSO₄·2H₂O）	岩盐（NaCl）
潜水（n=19）	最大值/（g·L^-1）	1	1.58	-0.51	-5.57
	平均值/（g·L^-1）	0.46	0.68	-1.63	-7.33
	最小值/（g·L^-1）	-0.18	-0.58	-2.72	-8.3
	最大值/（g·L^-1）	1.05	1.84	-0.68	-6
浅层承压水（n=25）	平均值/（g·L^-1）	0.45	0.69	-1.57	-7.48
浅层承压水（n=25）	最小值/（g·L^-1）	-0.54	-1.39	-2.52	-8.39