新疆天山西段夏季河流水化学特征及其影响因素研究

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2021.03.02

干旱区研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (3): 600-609.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2021.03.02

新疆天山西段夏季河流水化学特征及其影响因素研究

玛尔胡拜·牙生^1,²(),马龙^2,^3,⁴,吉力力·阿不都外力^2,^3,⁴(),张伟燕^2,^3,⁴

1.新疆师范大学地理科学与旅游学院,新疆乌鲁木齐 830054
2.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
3.中国科学院中亚生态与环境研究中心,新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
4.中国科学院大学,北京 100049

收稿日期:2020-03-26 修回日期:2020-10-25 出版日期:2021-05-15 发布日期:2021-06-17
通讯作者: 吉力力·阿不都外力
作者简介:玛尔胡拜·牙生（1994-）,女,研究生,研究方向为干旱区环境研究. E-mail: 493768217@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(U1903115);新疆天山青年计划项目(2018Q008)

Hydrochemical characteristics and their influence on rivers in the Western part of the Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang, China

Maerhubai Yasheng^1,²(),MA Long^2,^3,⁴,Jilili Abuduwaili^2,^3,⁴(),ZHANG Weiyan^2,^3,⁴

1. School of Geographical Science and Tourism, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
3. Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2020-03-26 Revised:2020-10-25 Online:2021-05-15 Published:2021-06-17
Contact: Abuduwaili Jilili

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在对天山西段两条主要河流（伊犁河、博尔塔拉河）常量离子组成进行分析基础上,结合数理统计学方法、水化学图解等方法探讨了水化学特征及其影响因素;在此基础上,对两条河流的灌溉适宜性进行了评价,以期为天山西段水环境状况评估提供科学依据。结果表明：（1）伊犁河和博尔塔拉河水体均呈弱碱性,pH分别为8.01和8.55;主要离子浓度排序一致,其中：阳离子Ca²⁺>Na⁺>Mg²⁺>K⁺,阴离子HCO₃^->SO₄^2->Cl^-,Piper分类图显示水化学类型为HCO₃-Ca·Mg;（2）博尔塔拉河和伊犁河水体离子组成主要受岩石风化作用的影响;（3）水样中93%的样品落在优良区,表明伊犁河和博尔塔拉河河水灌溉适应性评价为水质适宜灌溉。研究结果对天山西段水环境评价及水资源可持续利用具有较为重要的意义。

关键词: 天山, 伊犁河, 博尔塔拉河, 水化学特征, 灌溉适宜性

Abstract:

We analyzed the composition of constant ions in two primary rivers in the western section of the Tianshan Mountains: Ili River and Bortala River. Statistics and graphical illustration of water chemistry were used to examine the characteristics of water chemistry and their influence on these rivers. The water environment in the western section of the Tianshan Mountains was assessed to evaluate the irrigation suitability of the two rivers. Research results: The water bodies of the Ili River and Bortala River are weakly alkaline, with pH values of 8.01 and 8.55, respectively, and their primary ion concentrations were in the same order. Among them, cation Ca²⁺>Na⁺>Mg²⁺>K⁺ and anion HCO₃^->SO₄^2->Cl^-. A Piper classification diagram shows that the water chemistry type is HCO₃—Ca·Mg. The macro ions in the water bodies of the Ili River and Bortala River are primarily affected by the weathering of rocks. Ninety-three percent of the water samples had excellent water quality, indicating that the irrigation adaptability of the Bortala and Ili Rivers is suitable for irrigation. The research results are of substantial significance to the assessment of the water environment in the western section of the Tianshan Mountains and the sustainable use of water resources.

Key words: Tianshan Mountains, Ili River, Bortala River, hydrochemical characteristics, irrigation suitability

玛尔胡拜·牙生,马龙,吉力力·阿不都外力,张伟燕. 新疆天山西段夏季河流水化学特征及其影响因素研究[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(3): 600-609.

Maerhubai Yasheng,MA Long,Jilili Abuduwaili,ZHANG Weiyan. Hydrochemical characteristics and their influence on rivers in the Western part of the Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang, China[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(3): 600-609.

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编号	经度/(°)	纬度/(°)	海拔/m	编号	经度/(°)	纬度/(°)	海拔/m	编号	经度/(°)	纬度/(°)	海拔/m
A1	80.6656	43.8423	539	B5	81.9124	44.9236	600	B24	80.9407	45.0015	1430
A2	81.2592	43.8918	598	B6	81.8736	44.9284	612	B25	80.9734	44.9875	1378
A3	81.7934	43.6271	697	B7	81.8401	44.9394	634	B26	80.8738	44.9823	1495
A4	81.9216	43.8113	819	B8	81.8023	44.9510	657	B27	81.1136	44.9581	1250
A5	82.3725	43.8330	1023	B9	81.7619	44.9613	683	B28	81.3228	44.9312	1209
A6	82.7829	43.8430	1241	B10	81.7303	44.9983	759	B29	81.3338	44.9094	1256
A7	82.5683	43.5765	800	B11	81.7310	45.0065	777	B30	81.5890	44.9823	815
A8	82.2592	43.5996	762	B12	81.6761	45.0154	795	B31	81.7443	44.9301	724
A9	82.4854	43.4216	866	B13	81.6800	44.9906	745	B32	81.9620	44.9073	560
A10	82.2404	43.2411	1008	B14	81.6114	44.9985	792	B33	82.0960	44.8563	476
A11	81.9832	43.2413	1120	B15	81.5893	45.0132	813	B34	82.1268	44.8366	450
A12	81.8972	43.1709	1188	B16	81.5420	45.0218	849	B35	82.1269	44.8716	471
A13	81.7595	43.1571	1242	B17	81.4027	45.0315	954	B36	82.2426	44.7795	363
A14	81.1150	42.9851	1626	B18	81.3110	45.0245	1031	B37	82.3004	44.7270	310
A15	80.9648	42.9526	1642	B19	81.2213	45.0215	1130	B38	82.3713	44.6694	273
B1	82.0554	44.8735	511	B20	81.1814	44.9985	1171	B39	82.4469	44.6873	256
B2	82.0382	44.8745	534	B21	81.0723	44.9874	1277	B40	82.5476	44.7093	237
B3	82.0463	44.8599	537	B22	81.0294	44.9856	1319	B41	82.6527	44.7646	219
B4	81.9761	44.9291	575	B23	81.0190	44.9918	1340	B42	82.6754	44.7935	213

水体	特征值	pH	电导率/（μS·cm^-1）	TDS	Na⁺	K⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^-	SO₄^2-	HCO₃^-
水体	特征值	pH	电导率/（μS·cm^-1）	/（mg·L^-1）
伊犁河（n=15）	最大值	8.14	573.50	436.62	56.55	5.05	65.79	19.85	33.04	130.17	213.84
	最小值	7.85	197.90	169.17	5.31	1.60	32.46	5.31	2.47	21.56	100.47
	平均值	8.01	407.26	331.58	19.43	2.36	55.45	13.41	12.81	63.62	164.49
	标准差	0.07	91.13	70.20	11.59	0.78	9.16	3.66	6.97	25.17	29.07
	变异系数/%	0.87	22.38	21.17	59.65	33.05	16.52	27.29	54.41	39.56	17.67
博尔塔拉河（n=42）	最大值	9.46	1232.00	1061.23	127.89	3.99	140.41	31.63	83.28	402.78	271.25
	最小值	8.21	137.40	125.36	2.48	0.95	25.00	1.72	1.06	14.35	54.77
	平均值	8.55	374.86	323.09	21.92	2.24	53.07	7.81	14.37	70.33	153.34
	标准差	0.22	211.22	170.16	22.30	0.76	20.56	5.56	15.92	66.80	48.65
	变异系数/%	2.57	56.35	52.67	101.73	33.93	38.74	71.19	110.79	94.98	31.73

伊犁河	Cl^-	SO₄^2-	Ca²⁺	K⁺	Mg²⁺	Na⁺	HCO₃^-	TDS
Cl^-	1
SO₄^2-	0.958^**	1
Ca²⁺	0.479	0.577^*	1
K⁺	0.056	0.017	0.313	1
Mg²⁺	0.663^**	0.787^**	0.905^**	0.15	1
Na⁺	0.973^**	0.895^**	0.389	-0.028	0.534^*	1
HCO₃^-	0.277	0.347	0.952^**	0.304	0.780^**	0.215	1
TDS	0.816^**	0.862^**	0.894^**	0.19	0.931^**	0.750^**	0.770^**	1

博尔塔拉河	Cl^-	SO₄^2-	Ca²⁺	K⁺	Mg²⁺	Na⁺	HCO₃^-	TDS
Cl^-	1
SO₄^2-	0.974^**	1
Ca²⁺	0.845^**	0.857^**	1
K⁺	0.878^**	0.788^**	0.730^**	1
Mg²⁺	0.902^**	0.936^**	0.839^**	0.755^**	1
Na⁺	0.992^**	0.981^**	0.874^**	0.849^**	0.907^**	1
HCO₃^-	0.795^**	0.748^**	0.879^**	0.840^**	0.810^**	0.794^**	1
TDS	0.969^**	0.964^**	0.933^**	0.860^**	0.940^**	0.975^**	0.895^**	1

新疆天山西段夏季河流水化学特征及其影响因素研究

Hydrochemical characteristics and their influence on rivers in the Western part of the Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang, China

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