水资源管理增强下的塔里木河上中游碳储量动态评估

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2021.03.01

干旱区研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (3): 589-599.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2021.03.01

• 水资源及其利用 • 下一篇

水资源管理增强下的塔里木河上中游碳储量动态评估

郭靖^1,^2,³(),王光焰⁴,徐生武⁴,张广朋^1,^2,³,苑塏烨^1,^2,³,凌红波^1,²(),夏依旦·吾买尔江⁵

1.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830011
2.新疆阿克苏绿洲农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,新疆阿克苏843017
3.中国科学院大学,北京100049
4.新疆塔里木河流域干流管理局,新疆库尔勒841000
5.新疆塔里木河流域管理局,新疆库尔勒832000

收稿日期:2020-05-08 修回日期:2020-07-03 出版日期:2021-05-15 发布日期:2021-06-17
通讯作者: 凌红波
作者简介:郭靖（1994-）,男,硕士研究生,主要从事恢复生态研究. E-mail: guojing18@mails.ucas.edu.cn
基金资助:
中国科学院“西部青年学者”项目(2019-XBQNXZ-A-001);中国科学院科技服务网络计划（STS计划）项目(KFJ-STS-QYZD-114)

Dynamic assessment of Tarim River carbon storage under enhanced water resources management

GUO Jing^1,^2,³(),WANG Guangyan⁴,XU Shengwu⁴,ZHANG Guangpeng^1,^2,³,YUAN Kaiye^1,^2,³,LING Hongbo^1,²(),Xiayidan Wumaierjiang⁵

1. State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
2. Akesu National Station of Observation and Research for Oasis Agro-ecosystem, Akesu 843017, Xinjiang, China
3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
4. Management Bureau of the Main Stream of Xinjiang Tarim River Basin, Korla 841000, Xinjiang, China
5. Xinjiang Tarim River Basin Management Bureau, Korla 832000, Xinjiang, China

Received:2020-05-08 Revised:2020-07-03 Online:2021-05-15 Published:2021-06-17
Contact: Hongbo LING

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

自2000年实施流域综合治理和2010年推行流域体制改革以来,塔里木河流域水资源管理能力不断增强。然而,水资源管理对流域生态系统固碳能力的提升效果如何,未曾开展评估。以胡杨林集中分布的塔里木河上中游为研究靶区,采用InVEST模型,基于2000年、2010年、2018年土地利用/覆被变化数据,分析了水资源管理增强下流域生态系统碳储量的变化特点。结果表明：（1） 2000年、2010年、2018年塔里木河上中游的总碳储量分别为93.70 Tg、93.92 Tg、93.01 Tg,平均碳密度分别为67.63 t·hm^-2、67.78 t·hm^-2、67.12 t·hm^-2,基本保持稳定。林地是塔里木河上中游的主要碳库、草地次之。（2） 2000—2010年碳储量增加0.22 Tg,主要由于大量草地类型（69.35 t·hm^-2）转化成耕地类型（73 t·hm^-2）。自2000年塔里木河综合治理实施后,植被恢复使得地表生物量增多,林地、草地碳密度和碳储量增加;2010—2018年碳储量减少0.91 Tg,碳损失途径主要源于大量林地类型（73.77 t·hm^-2）转化成耕地类型（73 t·hm^-2）,造成草地总碳储量降低。（3）碳储量空间分布具有较强的空间异质性,其特点以塔里木河上中游为条带向四周波动递减。碳储量变化显著区域在空间分布上与土地利用变化区域基本一致。研究可为深入了解干旱区碳循环,提升流域生态系统固碳功能,优化水资源管理提供科学依据。

关键词: InVEST模型, 水资源管理, 碳储量, 土地利用/覆被变化, 塔里木河

Abstract:

Since the implementation of comprehensive governance in 2001 and unified management in 2011, the water resources management capacity of the Tarim River Basin has been continuously enhanced. However, the effectiveness of water resources management at improving the carbon storage capacity of watershed ecosystems has not been evaluated. Therefore, based on land use/cover change data from 2000, 2010, and 2018, this paper used the InVEST model to analyze the change characteristics of the carbon storage of watershed ecosystems under enhanced water resources management in the upper and middle reaches of the Tarim River where Populus euphratica forest is concentrated. In 2000, 2010, and 2018, the total carbon storage in the upper and middle reaches of the Tarim River was 93.70, 93.92, and 93.01 Tg, respectively, and the average carbon density was 67.63, 67.78, and 67.12 t·hm^-2, respectively. Woodland was the primary carbon pool in the upper and middle reaches of the Tarim River Basin, followed by grassland. From 2000 to 2010, the carbon storage in the study area increased by 0.22 Tg, primarily due to the conversion of a large number of grassland types (69.35 t·hm^-2) into arable land types (73 t·hm^-2). After the implementation of comprehensive management of the Tarim River in 2001, vegetation restoration led to an increase in the surface biomass, carbon density, and carbon storage of woodland and grassland. From 2010 to 2018, carbon storage decreased by 0.91 Tg, and the carbon loss pathways primarily originated from the conversion of a large number of woodland types (73.77 t·hm^-2) to arable land types (73 t·hm^-2). Simultaneously, the total carbon storage of grassland decreased. The spatial distribution of carbon storage in the study area had a strong spatial heterogeneity, and its characteristics gradually decreased around the upper and middle reaches of the Tarim River. The areas with significant changes in carbon storage were consistent with the spatial distribution of land use changes. This research provides a scientific basis for an in-depth understanding of the carbon cycle and climate change in the study area, informing the improvement of the carbon storage capacity of the watershed ecosystem, optimizing the allocation of water resources, and promoting the sustainable development of river basins.

Key words: InVEST model, water resources management, carbon storage, land use/cover change, Tarim River

郭靖,王光焰,徐生武,张广朋,苑塏烨,凌红波,夏依旦·吾买尔江. 水资源管理增强下的塔里木河上中游碳储量动态评估[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(3): 589-599.

GUO Jing,WANG Guangyan,XU Shengwu,ZHANG Guangpeng,YUAN Kaiye,LING Hongbo,Xiayidan Wumaierjiang. Dynamic assessment of Tarim River carbon storage under enhanced water resources management[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(3): 589-599.

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土地利用类型	碳密度/(t·hm^-2)									来源文献
	地上			地下			死亡有机物
		2000年	2010年	2018年	2000年	2010年	2018年	2000年	2010年		2018年
有林地	0.22	0.34	0.31	0.08	0.12	0.11	0.09	0.14	0.13	[27-30]
疏林地	0.18	0.31	0.27	0.06	0.10	0.09	0.07	0.12	0.10	[27-30]
灌木林	0.19	0.32	0.28	0.07	0.12	0.10	0.05	0.08	0.07	[27-30]
草地	0.17	0.24	0.28	1.05	1.48	1.72	0.23	0.31	0.36	[11,27,29-30]
耕地	0.48	0.60	0.63	0	0	0	0	0	0	[30]
水域	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	[30]
建设用地	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	[30]
未利用地	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	[30]

土地利用类型	2000年		2010年		2018年
土地利用类型	面积 /10⁴ hm²	比例 /%	面积 /10⁴ hm²	比例 /%	面积 /10⁴hm²	比例 /%
耕地	17.93	12.94	25.96	18.74	29.59	21.36
林地	48.21	34.79	45.43	32.79	43.15	31.14
草地	43.75	31.57	37.38	26.98	34.66	25.01
水域	5.29	3.82	5.66	4.09	7.11	5.14
建设用地	0.44	0.31	0.60	0.43	0.87	0.63
未利用地	22.94	16.55	23.53	16.98	23.17	16.72

时段	土地利用类型	耕地	林地	草地	水域	建设用地	未利用地
2000—2010年	耕地	176896.61	177.60	383.39	48.73	766.23	1719.71
	林地	27648.10	449204.76	2058.00	667.94	154.98	2464.06
	草地	54605.15	3316.68	368312.73	7598.88	597.20	3475.37
	水域	1339.27	1311.52	2278.57	48370.14	0.00	79.32
	建设用地	7.52	0.00	0.00	0.00	4300.22	64.12
	未利用地	649.42	305.54	767.32	0.00	167.28	227538.47
2010—2018年	耕地	236148.40	8436.27	10940.27	1674.75	2659.61	396.42
	林地	32228.98	390551.31	16857.65	9479.26	98.81	5177.07
	草地	21869.35	21526.50	312625.53	7388.01	285.49	10240.00
	水域	635.14	2276.26	2314.57	51460.21	0.00	0.01
	建设用地	54.55	0.00	181.14	208.42	5367.00	167.28
	未利用地	5649.12	8854.76	3787.17	976.56	318.39	215738.47

水资源管理增强下的塔里木河上中游碳储量动态评估

Dynamic assessment of Tarim River carbon storage under enhanced water resources management

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