1991—2021年天山融雪末期雪线高度遥感监测研究

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2022.05.05

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究融雪末期雪线高度变化有助于预测冰雪系统未来的变化趋势、理解区域和全球气候变化。基于Google Earth Engine（GEE）平台和Landsat卫星数据,发展了区域雪线高度提取模型,提取了天山4个子流域1991—2021年的融雪末期雪线高度,并分析了雪线高度的变化特征及其与气象因素的关系。结果表明：（1） Landsat提取的融雪末期雪线高度与Sentinel-2提取的融雪末期“最小化”积雪范围具有较高的一致性,其总体精度为91.6%,Kappa系数达0.9以上,利用该模型可准确获取融雪末期的区域雪线高度。（2）研究区近30 a融雪末期雪线高度呈明显的上升趋势,上升速率介于2.7~6.4 m·a^-1之间;其中,玛纳斯河流域雪线高度上升速度最快,阿克牙孜河流域雪线高度上升速度最慢。（3）夏季气温是影响研究区融雪末期雪线高度变化的主要因素（P< 0.05）,降水对其影响相对较弱。

关键词: 雪线高度, Landsat, 遥感监测, 气候变化, 天山

Abstract:

The study of snowline altitude changes at the end of the melting season is helpful to predict future trends of snow systems in order to understand the regional and global climate changes. The remote sensing extraction method of region snowline altitude was developed based on the Google Earth Engine and Landsat satellite data. From 1991 to 2021, the snowline altitude at the end of the melting season in the four basins of the Tianshan Mountains was extracted. The variation characteristics of snowline altitude and its relationship with meteorological factors were carefully and accurately estimated. The results were as follows: (1) the extended snowline altitude at the end of the melting season correlated well with the snow cover extent (minimum) at end of the melting season, which was extracted by Sentinel-2. The overall accuracy was 91.6%, and the Kappa coefficient was higher than 0.9. The regional snowline altitude at the end of the melting season was accurately obtained with this model. (2) Generally, the snowline altitude at the end of the melting season in the study area showed an obvious increasing trend over the last 30 years. The increase rate was between 2.7 m·a^-1 and 6.4 m·a^-1. The rise rate of the snowline altitude in the Manas River Basin was the fastest (6.4 m·a^-1), while the rise rate of the snowline altitude in the Akeyazi River Basin was the slowest (2.7 m·a^-1). (3) The summer temperature was the main factor that affected the change in the snowline altitude at the end of the melting season in the study area (P < 0.05), while the effect of precipitation was relatively weak.

Key words: snowline altitude, Landsat, remote sensing monitoring, climate change, Tianshan Mountains

王靖文,唐志光,邓刚,胡国杰,桑国庆. 1991—2021年天山融雪末期雪线高度遥感监测研究[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(5): 1385-1397.

WANG Jingwen,TANG Zhiguang,DENG Gang,HU Guojie,SANG Guoqing. Monitoring of snowline altitude at the end of melting season in Tianshan Mountains from 1991 to 2021[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(5): 1385-1397.

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	覆盖数量	分布时间/年-月-日
琼乌散库什河流域	26	2019-06-01—2019-09-30 2020-06-01—2020-09-30 2021-06-01—2021-09-30
木扎提河流域	24	2019-06-01—2019-09-30 2020-06-01—2020-09-30 2021-06-01—2021-09-30
阿克牙孜河流域	26	2019-06-01—2019-09-30 2020-06-01—2020-09-30 2021-06-01—2021-09-30
玛纳斯河流域	24	2019-06-01—2019-09-30 2020-06-01—2020-09-30 2021-06-01—2021-09-30

研究子区		Sentinel-2提取的验证样本		精度指标
研究子区		积雪/个数	非雪/个数	精度指标
琼乌散库什河流域	高于Landsat提取雪线高度	291	76	Pre=79.29% Rec=85.59% OA=87.5% Kappa=0.86
琼乌散库什河流域	低于Landsat提取雪线高度	49	584	Pre=79.29% Rec=85.59% OA=87.5% Kappa=0.86
木扎提河流域	高于Landsat提取雪线高度	391	68	Pre=85.19% Rec=96.07% OA=91.6% Kappa=0.90
木扎提河流域	低于Landsat提取雪线高度	16	525	Pre=85.19% Rec=96.07% OA=91.6% Kappa=0.90
阿克牙孜河流域	高于Landsat提取雪线高度	343	51	Pre=87.06% Rec=93.97% OA=92.7% Kappa=0.92
阿克牙孜河流域	低于Landsat提取雪线高度	22	584	Pre=87.06% Rec=93.97% OA=92.7% Kappa=0.92
玛纳斯河流域	高于Landsat提取雪线高度	406	34	Pre=92.27% Rec=94.86% OA=94.4% Kappa=0.93
玛纳斯河流域	低于Landsat提取雪线高度	22	517	Pre=92.27% Rec=94.86% OA=94.4% Kappa=0.93

	夏季气温相关性	年气温相关性	夏季降水量相关性	年降水量相关性
琼乌散库什河流域	0.485	0.352	-0.105	-0.221
木扎提河流域	0.558^**	0.451^*	-0.232	-0.133
阿克牙孜河流域	0.503^**	0.361	-0.136	-0.321
玛纳斯河流域	0.391^*	0.366	-0.322	-0.371

	回归因子系数			相关系数（R）	显著性水平
	λ	a	b	相关系数（R）	显著性水平
琼乌散库什河流域	4220	82.9	0.355	0.515	P< 0.05
木扎提河流域	4294	50.7	0.238	0.559	P< 0.01
阿克牙孜河流域	4040	76.2	0.287	0.548	P< 0.01
玛纳斯河流域	4009	62.4	0.364	0.520	P< 0.05