乌伦古河流域水体水化学与同位素特征及指示意义

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2021.06.01

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水化学与同位素特征对不同水体水文过程具有重要的指示作用。本文基于2018年乌伦古河流域不同水体水化学与稳定同位素测试数据,综合运用数理统计、Gibbs图解、离子比值、Piper三线图等方法,查明了乌伦古河流域水体水化学与同位素特征,探讨了水化学形成机制、演化趋势与水体转化关系。结果表明：河水受岩石风化、蒸发浓缩与混合作用影响,水化学类型以HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Na为主;湖水受蒸发浓缩作用控制,水化学类型为SO₄·Cl-Na型;地下水在岩石风化、蒸发浓缩、阳离子交换的共同作用下,潜水水化学类型为HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Na与SO₄·HCO₃-Na·Ca型,承压水为Cl·SO₄-Na型;各水体Piper图表明,地表水与潜水进一步向Cl·SO₄-Na型演化;各水体氢氧稳定同位素富集程度表现为乌伦古湖>吉力湖>河水>潜水>承压水;各水体氢氧稳定同位素值均位于当地雨水线（δD=6.49δ¹⁸O-8.63）两侧,表明蒸发与降水是影响水体同位素特征的主要因素;受地质地貌、地层结构影响,潜水与河水水力联系紧密而与承压水联系微弱,区内以潜水向河水补给为主,承压水与潜水存在局部水力联系。

关键词: 乌伦古河流域, 水化学, 稳定同位素, 形成机制, 转化关系

Abstract:

The hydrochemical and isotopic characteristics of water bodies are important indicators of hydrological processes. To ascertain hydrochemical and isotopic characteristics and reveal the relationship and formation mechanisms of different waters in the Ulungur River Basin, hydrochemistry and isotope datasets in 2018 were analyzed using mathematical statistics, Gibbs diagrams, ion ratios, and Piper diagrams. The results showed that hydrochemical composition of rivers was mainly affected by rock weathering, evaporation, and mixing. The river hydrochemical type was HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Na and the lake hydrochemical type was SO₄·Cl-Na, which was mainly affected by evaporation. Groundwater was influenced by rock weathering, evaporation, and cation exchange. Phreatic water was HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Na or SO₄·HCO₃-Na·Ca, while confined water was Cl·SO₄-Na. The Piper diagram of each water body showed surface water and phreatic water will further evolve toward Cl·SO₄-Na. The isotope values of different water bodies showed the following relationship: Ulungur Lake>Jili Lake>Ulungur River>phreatic water>confined water. Samples from the various water sources were scattered on both sides of local meteoric water line (δD = 6.49δ¹⁸O-8.63), which indicated isotopic composition was affected by evaporation and precipitation. Influenced by geology, geomorphology, and lithological structure of the strata, phreatic water was closely related to surface water and weakly to confined water. The river was mainly recharged by phreatic water, while local hydraulic connections existed between phreatic water and confined water.

Key words: Ulungur River basin, hydrochemistry, stable isotopes, formation mechanism, interaction relationship

田华,辛拓,李金芳,杨嘉懿,谢祖锋. 乌伦古河流域水体水化学与同位素特征及指示意义[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(6): 1497-1505.

TIAN Hua,XIN Tuo,LI Jinfang,YANG Jiayi,XIE Zufeng. Characteristics and indication of hydrochemistry and environmental isotopes of different water sources in the Ulungur River basin[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(6): 1497-1505.

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水样类型		统计值	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^-	SO₄^2-	HCO₃^-	TDS	pH
水样类型		统计值	/(mg·L^-1)	/(mg·L^-1)	/(mg·L^-1)	/(mg·L^-1)	/(mg·L^-1)	/(mg·L^-1)	/(mg·L^-1)	/(mg·L^-1)	pH
地表水	乌伦古河 (R)	平均值	3.8	56.5	63.3	12.7	31.3	125.5	147.4	362.5	7.7
		主导离子	阴离子：SO₄^2-、HCO₃^-;阳离子：Na⁺、Ca²⁺
		水化学类型	HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Na,SO₄·HCO₃-Ca·Na
	乌伦古湖 (WH)	平均值	47.6	609.1	61.9	68.5	419.8	756.2	417.5	2196.3	8.4
		主导离子	阴离子：SO₄^2-、Cl^-;阳离子：Na⁺
		水化学类型	SO₄·Cl-Na
	吉力湖 (JH)	平均值	18.7	265.9	69.5	33.4	182.1	357.3	254.2	1761.1	7.7
		主导离子	阴离子：SO₄^2-、Cl^-;阳离子：Na⁺
		水化学类型	SO₄·Cl-Na
地下水	潜水 (Q)	平均值	6.9	201.2	118.2	37.1	152.4	407.8	302.2	1091.6	7.3
		主导离子	阴离子：SO₄^2-、HCO₃^-;阳离子：Na⁺、Ca²⁺
		水化学类型	HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Na,SO₄·HCO₃-Na·Ca
	承压水 (C)	平均值	3.5	380.5	69.5	64.2	379.3	550.9	187.6	1581.5	7.5
		主导离子	阴离子：Cl^-、SO₄^2-;阳离子：Na⁺
		水化学类型	Cl·SO₄-Na

统计值	δD/‰					δ¹⁸O/‰
统计值	潜水	承压水	河水	吉力湖	乌伦古湖	潜水	承压水	河水	吉力湖	乌伦古湖
最小值	-109	-137	-99	-67	-51	-13.8	-15.4	-13.4	-7.1	-4.6
最大值	-97	-108	-85	-62	-48	-12.1	-14.4	-10.2	-6.2	-3.9
平均值	-104	-120	-95	-65	-50	-13.3	-14.8	-12.2	-6.8	-4.3
标准差	4.1	12.8	3.3	2.2	1.1	0.8	11.9	1.3	0.4	1.3
变异系数	0.03	0.11	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.06	1.19	0.11	0.06	0.31