皇甫川流域水沙变化特征及其影响因素

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2021.06.02

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于1954—2018年皇甫川流域长时间序列降水量、径流量和输沙量监测数据,运用线性趋势法、Mann-Kendall检验、累积距平法等方法研究了皇甫川流域水沙周期演变特征,应用水文分析法定量评估了降水变化和人类活动对皇甫川流域径流量和输沙量变化的贡献率。研究结果表明：皇甫川流域降水量随时间变化呈不明显减小趋势,而径流量和输沙量随时间变化却呈显著减小趋势,且径流量减少趋势大于输沙量减少趋势。径流量和输沙量均从1986年发生由丰到枯的突变。以1954—1986年为基准期,1987—2018年人类活动对皇甫川流域径流量和输沙量的影响分别为83.04%和75.24%,降水变化对皇甫川流域径流量和输沙量影响分别为16.96%和24.76%。突变年前后输沙量出现明显的下降,产流能力对输沙量变化的贡献率超过了85%。降水变化和人类活动是造成皇甫川流域水沙减少的影响因素,其中流域内逐年增强的人类活动是促使皇甫川流域径流和输沙减少的主要因素,而气候变化引起的降水减少是次要因素。

关键词: 皇甫川流域, 降水量, 人类活动, 径流量, 输沙量

Abstract:

Based on monitoring data of precipitation, runoff, and sediment discharge in the Huangfuchuan basin during 1954-2018, the characteristics of water and sediment cycle evolution in Huangfuchuan basin were studied using linear trend methods, Mann-Kendall tests, and cumulative anomaly methods. The contribution rates of precipitation change and human activities to runoff and sediment transport change in the Huangfuchuan basin were quantitatively evaluated using hydrological analysis methods. The results show that precipitation does not significantly decrease with time, whereas runoff and sediment transport significantly decrease with time, with a greater decreasing trend in runoff than sediment transport. The abrupt change of runoff and sediment transport from abundant to dry occurred in 1986. Using 1954-1986 as a reference period, the impacts of human activity on runoff and sediment transport in the Huangfuchuan basin from 1987 to 2018 were 83.04% and 75.24%, respectively. The impact of precipitation change on runoff and sediment transport in the Huangfuchuan basin was 16.96% and 24.76%, respectively. Further, reduced runoff capacity contributed more than 85% to changes in sediment transport. Precipitation change and human activities are both important factors influencing reduced runoff and sediment in the Huangfuchuan basin. Increasing human activities in the basin are the main factors reducing runoff and sediment transport in the Huangfuchuan basin, with reduced precipitation caused by climate change as a secondary factor.

Key words: Huangfuchuan basin, precipitation, human activities, runoff, sediment runoff

刘强,尉飞鸿,常康飞,王瑞,景元宁,穆兴民. 皇甫川流域水沙变化特征及其影响因素[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(6): 1506-1513.

LIU Qiang,YU Feihong,CHANG Kangfei,WANG Rui,JING Yuanning,MU Xingmin. Characteristics of water and sediment variation in the Huangfuchuan basin and its influencing factors[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(6): 1506-1513.

图/表 11

图1

表1

图2

表2

图3

图4

图5

图6

表3

表4

表5

参考文献 18

[1]	穆兴民, 王万忠, 高鹏, 等. 黄河泥沙变化研究现状与问题[J]. 人民黄河, 2014, 36(12):1-7.
	[ Mu Xingmin, Wang Wanzhong, Gao Peng, et al. Progress and discussion on sediment load variation research of the Yellow River[J]. Yellow River, 2014, 36(12):1-7. ]
[2]	喻锋, 李晓兵, 王宏. 生态安全条件下土地利用格局优化——以皇甫川流域为例[J]. 生态学报, 2014, 34(12):3198-3210.
	[ Yu Feng, Li Xiaobin, Wang Hong. Optimization of land use pattern based on eco-security: A case study in the huangfuchuan watershed[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2014, 34(12):3198-3210. ]
[3]	Gao P, Mu X M, Wang F, et al. Changes in streamflow and sediment discharge and the response to human activities in the middle reaches of the Yellow River[J]. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 2011, 15(1):1-10. doi: 10.5194/hess-15-1-2011
[4]	Zhou Y, Yang Z, Zhang D, et al. Inter-catchment comparison of flow regime between the Hailiutu and Huangfuchuan rivers in the semi-arid Erdos Plateau, Northwest China[J]. International Association of Scientific Hydrology Bulletin, 2015, 60(4):688-705.
[5]	Hou S Z, Wang P, Quo Y, et al. Response of bankfull discharge of the Inner Mongolia Yellow River to flow and sediment factors[J]. Journal of Earth System Science, 2014, 123(6):1307-1316. doi: 10.1007/s12040-014-0465-5
[6]	胡春宏, 张晓明. 论黄河水沙变化趋势预测研究的若干问题[J]. 水利学报, 2018, 49(9):1028-1039.
	[ Hu Chunhong, Zhang Xiaoming. Several key questions in the researches of runoff and sediment changes and trend predictions in the Yellow River[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2018, 49(9):1028-1039. ]
[7]	Gao P, Li P, Zhao B, et al. Use of double mass curves in hydrologic benefit evaluations[J]. Hydrological Processes, 2017, 31(26):4639-4646. doi: 10.1002/hyp.v31.26
[8]	Zhou Y Y, Shi C X, Fang X L, et al. The influence of climate change and anthropogenic activities on annual runoff of Huangfuchuan basin in northwest China[J]. Theoretical & Applied Climatology, 2015, 120:137-146.
[9]	赵广举, 穆兴民, 温仲明, 等. 皇甫川流域降水和人类活动对水沙变化的定量分析[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2013, 11(4):1-8.
	[ Zhao Guangju, Mu Xingmin, Weng Zhongmin, et al. Impacts of precipitation and human activities on streamflow and sediment load in the Huangfuchuan watershed[J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2013, 11(4):1-8. ]
[10]	魏艳红, 焦菊英. 皇甫川流域1955—2013年水沙变化趋势与周期特征[J]. 水土保持研究, 2017, 24(3):1-6.
	[ Wei Yanhong, Jiao Juying. Variation tendency discharge and periodic characteristics of stream flow and sediment in Huangfuchuan watershed from 1955 to 2013[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2017, 24(3):1-6. ]
[11]	刘强, 穆兴民, 赵广举, 等. 延河流域水沙变化及其对降水和土地利用变化的响应[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2021, 35(7):129-135.
	[ Liu Qiang, Mu Xingmin, Zhao Guangju, et al. Variation tendency discharge and periodic characteristics of stream flow and sediment in Huangfuchuan watershed from 1955 to 2013[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2021, 35(7):129-135. ]
[12]	刘柏君, 雷晓辉, 刘争胜, 等. 皇甫川流域降水基流特征及其响应关系[J]. 人民黄河, 2016, 38(4):7-12.
	[ Liu Bojun, Lei Xiaohui, Liu Zhengsheng, et al. Respective characteristics and mutual response relationship of precipitation and base-flow in Huangfuchuan Basin[J]. Yellow River, 2016, 38(4):7-12. ]
[13]	邵广文, 管仪庆, 管章岑, 等. 皇甫川径流变化趋势及成因分析[J]. 水资源与水工程学报, 2014, 25(3):53-56.
	[ Shao Guangwen, Guan Yiqing, Guan Zhangcen, et al. Analysis of variation trend of runoff and driving factors in Huangfuchuan[J]. Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering, 2014, 25(3):53-56. ]
[14]	薛天翼, 武旭同, 朱晨怡, 等. 红水河流域输沙量变化及其影响因素[J]. 地理科学进展, 2019, 38(5):772-782. doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2019.05.013
	[ Xue Tianyi, Wu Xutong, Zhu Chenyi, et al. Change of sediment load and its influencing factors in the Hongshui river basin in southwestern china[J]. Progress in Geography, 2019, 38(5):772-782. ] doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2019.05.013
[15]	万晓丹, 周晓岚, 赵丽霞, 等. 皇甫川流域水沙变化趋势及影响因素分析[J]. 中国农村水利水电, 2019, 61(12):90-93.
	[ Wan Xiaodan, Zhou Xiaolan, Zhao Lixia, et al. An analysis of the trend of water and sediment change and its influencing factors in Huangfuchuan river basin[J]. China Rural Water and Hydropower, 2019, 61(12):90-93. ]
[16]	慕星, 张晓明. 皇甫川流域水沙变化及驱动因素分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2013, 30(5):933-939.
	[ Mu Xing, Zhang Xiaoming. The variation of runoff volume and sediment load and its driving factors in Huangfuchuan river watershed[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2013, 30(5):933-939. ]
[17]	胡智丹, 夏婷, 罗琳, 等. 气候变化对河川径流量的影响——以皇甫川流域为例[J]. 水利水电技术, 2018, 49(2):30-36.
	[ Hu Zhidan, Xia Ting, Nuo Lin, et al. Impact from climate change on amount of river runoff: A case of Huangfuchuan Watershed[J]. Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, 2018, 49(2):30-36. ]
[18]	刘微, 张丹蓉, 管仪庆, 等. 1954—2010年皇甫川流域基流变化及原因分析[J]. 人民黄河, 2014, 36(8):21-23.
	[ Liu Wei, Zhang Danrong, Guan Yiqing, et al. Analysis of the base flow variation and cause in Huangfuchuan from 1954 to 2010[J]. Yellow River, 2014, 36(8):21-23. ]

时期	平均值/mm	变异系数 (C_v)	极值比 (EVR)
1954—1969年	470.68	0.37	3.39
1970—1986年	398.72	0.25	2.47
1987—2001年	373.03	0.26	2.31
2002—2018年	444.68	0.29	2.75
1954—2018年	419.78	0.30	2.73

时期	径流量			输沙量
时期	平均值/10⁸ m³	变异系数(C_v)	极值比(EVR)	平均值/10⁸ t	变异系数(C_v)	极值比(EVR)
1954—1969年	2.07	0.64	12.36	0.61	0.80	32.75
1970—1986年	1.58	0.56	6.76	0.53	0.63	14.13
1987—2001年	0.92	0.75	17.92	0.29	1.07	44.04
2002—2018年	0.34	1.01	21	0.06	1.39	41.48
1954—2018年	1.23	0.74	14.51	0.37	0.97	33.05

时期	实测径流量 /10⁸ m³	计算径流量 /10⁸ m³	实测年降水量		降水影响		人类活动影响
时期	实测径流量 /10⁸ m³	计算径流量 /10⁸ m³	减少量 /10⁸ m³	百分比 /%	减少量 /10⁸ m³	百分比 /%	减少量 /10⁸ m³	百分比 /%
1954—1986年	58.13	60.20	-	-	-	-	-	-
1987—2018年	20.12	51.68	38.01	65.38	6.45	16.96%	31.56	83.04%

时期	实测输沙量 /10⁸t	计算输沙量 /10⁸t	实测年降水量		降水影响		人类活动影响
时期	实测输沙量 /10⁸t	计算输沙量 /10⁸t	减少量 /10⁸ t	百分比 /%	减少量 /10⁸ t	百分比 /%	减少量 /10⁸ t	百分比 /%
1954—1986年	18.33	18.63	-	-	-	-	-	-
1987—2018年	5.77	15.23	12.56	68.52	3.11	24.76%	9.45	75.24%

因子	1954—2018年	1954—1986年	1986—2018年
P/(%·a^-1)	-0.07	-0.09	-0.06
f/(%·a^-1)	0.42	0.49	0.33
s/(%·a^-1)	0.14	0.17	0.09
总计	0.49	0.54	0.36