基于MRSEI模型的阿勒泰市生态环境时空变化及驱动力分析

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2023.06.16

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为及时、客观、定量地评估新疆阿勒泰市生态环境，研究基于多源遥感数据构建改进型遥感生态指数（MRSEI）结合标准差椭圆和重心迁移模型分析其时空变化特征，并使用地理探测器模型对绿度、干度、湿度、温度和空气质量5个指标进行因子探测。结果表明：（1） 2015—2021年，阿勒泰市绿度和湿度指标对于区域内生态环境起显著正相关作用，温度、干度和空气质量这3个指标起显著负相关作用；（2） 2015—2021年阿勒泰市MRSEI均值呈上升趋势，空间上，Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级生态指数区域的空间迁移能力较强，Ⅲ~Ⅴ级，即高生态指数区域在空间结构上相对较为稳定。Ⅰ~Ⅳ级生态指数重心总体向北移动，Ⅴ级生态指数重心整体向南移动，表明阿勒泰市南部高生态指数分布增长明显。（3）年份不同，造成生态环境质量改变的主导因子不同，阿勒泰市生态环境质量空间的演变是受到多个因素共同作用的结果。（4） MRSEI和RSEI（遥感生态指数）对阿勒泰市生态监测结果大致趋势一致，两者在空间分布和程度的差异与气溶胶光学厚度（AOD）的空间分布有关，表明了即使在空气质量较好的阿勒泰市AOD对其生态质量在空间分布上仍有影响。2015—2021年，阿勒泰市生态环境受多种因素影响有向南变好的趋势。

关键词: 改进型遥感生态指数, 生态环境质量, 地理探测器, 重心迁移模型, 阿勒泰市

Abstract:

To evaluate the ecological environment of Altay City in Xinjiang in a timely, objective, and quantitative manner, an improved remote sensing ecological index (MRSEI) was constructed based on multi-source remote sensing data. The spatial and temporal variation characteristics were then analyzed by combining a standard deviation ellipse and gravity center migration model. A geographical detector model was used to detect the five indicators, which were greenness, dryness, humidity, temperature, and air quality. (1) From 2015 to 2021, the greenness and humidity indexes of Altay City showed a significant positive correlation with the ecological environment in the region. In contrast, the three indexes for temperature, dryness, and air quality showed significant negative correlations. (2) From 2015 to 2021, the average value of the MRSEI in Altay City increased. The spatial migration ability of ecological index areas I and II was strong, while III-V were relatively stable in the spatial structure. The center of gravity for ecological index areas I-IV moved north, while the center of gravity for area V moved south, indicating that the distribution of the high ecological index in the south of Altay City increased significantly. (3) The dominant factors causing the changes in the eco-environmental quality differed each year. The spatial evolution of eco-environmental quality in Altay is the result of multiple factors. (4) The differences in spatial distribution and the differences between the MRSEI and RSEI data are related to the spatial distribution of AOD, indicating that even if Altay City had improved air quality, AOD would still have an impact on the ecological quality of the spatial distribution. From 2015 to 2021, the ecological environment of Altay City was thus found to be affected by many factors and tended to improve toward the south.

Key words: modified remote sensing ecological index, ecological environment quality, geographical detector, center of gravity migration model, Altay City

刘笑, 郭鹏, 祁佳峰, 杜文玲, 张茹倩, 张坤. 基于MRSEI模型的阿勒泰市生态环境时空变化及驱动力分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(6): 1014-1026.

LIU Xiao, GUO Peng, QI Jiafeng, DU Wenling, ZHANG Ruqian, ZHANG Kun. Spatio-temporal changes and driving forces in the ecological environment of Altay City determined using an MRSEI model[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(6): 1014-1026.

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数据	空间分辨率	时间/年-月-日	数据来源
行政区划	1:1000000	2013	国家地球系统科学数据中心https://www.geodata.cn/
Landsat8 OLI L1	30 m	2015-08-18、2017-08-23、2019-08-13、2021-08-02	地理空间数据云http://www.gscloud.cn/
MCD19 A2	1 km	2015-08-18、2017-08-23、2019-08-13、2021-08-02	美国航空航天局https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/search/
DEM	30 m	-	地理空间数据云http://www.gscloud.cn/

级别	MRSEI值	描述
Ⅴ级	0.8<MRSEI≤1	生态环境状况优秀
Ⅳ级	0.6<MRSEI≤0.8	生态环境状况良好
Ⅲ级	0.4<MRSEI≤0.6	生态环境状况中等
Ⅱ级	0.2<MRSEI≤0.4	生态环境状况较差
Ⅰ级	0≤MRSEI≤0.2	生态环境状况差

图示	判断依据	类型
	q(X1∩X2)<Min[q(X1),q(X2)]	非线性减弱
	Min[q(X1),q(X2)]<q(X1∩X2)<Max[q(X1),q(X2)]	单因子非线性减弱
	Max[q(X1),q(X2)]<q(X1∩X2)<q(X1)+q(X2)	双因子增强
	q(X1∩X2)=q(X1)+q(X2)	独立
	q(X1∩X2)>q(X1)+q(X2)	非线性增强

生态质量分级	2015年		2017年		2019年		2021年
生态质量分级	MRSEI/%	RSEI/%	MRSEI/%	RSEI/%	MRSEI/%	RSEI/%	MRSEI/%	RSEI/%
差	26.88	29.81	28.97	28.45	27.65	27.65	30.50	29.64
较差	34.31	38.52	35.78	36.58	28.40	28.40	25.41	26.44
中等	21.15	17.29	19.51	19.54	23.76	23.76	20.99	19.90
良好	11.01	10.27	9.46	9.76	13.53	13.53	14.53	14.09
优秀	6.65	4.11	6.27	5.67	6.66	6.66	8.57	9.93

MRSEI 等级	2015—2017年		2017—2019年		2019—2021年		2015—2021年
MRSEI 等级	偏移距离/km	方位角/（°）	偏移距离/km	方位角/（°）	偏移距离/km	方位角/（°）	平均偏移距离/km
Ⅰ	9.720	348.5°	0.808	232.0°	5.434	24.9°	2.598
Ⅱ	2.429	96.0°	6.887	198.0°	3.127	39.0°	1.759
Ⅲ	3.747	283.4°	2.342	56.9°	1.799	27.1°	0.243
Ⅳ	3.044	218.9°	2.667	7.9°	3.435	203.0°	0.661
Ⅴ	1.393	167.5°	9.892	187.4°	6.048	294.6°	0.874