黄土高原地区人工林营造——混交林模式生态效益研究

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2021.02.09

Abstract

Abstract:

To study the ability of different plantation types to enhance the physical and chemical properties of soil, soil physical and chemical properties at layer depths of 0-80 cm under five typical plantations-Platycladus orientalis plantation, Robinia pseudoacacia plantation, Populus alba var pyramidalis plantation, P. orientalis-R. pseudoacacia mixed plantation, and P. alba var pyramidalis-R. pseudoacacia mixed plantation-were analyzed based on the results of field sampling and laboratory testing. The study revealed that (1) In mixed plantations, the bulk density and the physical properties of the soil, including soil maximum water holding capacity, capillary water holding capacity, field water holding capacity, soil total porosity, capillary porosity, noncapillary porosity, soil water content, and soil penetrability, were clearly better than those in the pure plantations. The pH values in mixed plantations and the P. orientalis plantation were lower than those in the R. pseudoacacia plantation and the P. alba var pyramidalis plantation. In mixed plantations, the soil organic matter, total nitrogen, mineral nitrogen, and total phosphorus contents were significantly greater than those in the pure plantations, whereas there was no significant difference in total potassium and available potassium among the various plantations. (2) The bulk density increased as soil depth increased in the 0-80 cm soil layers, whereas the other soil physical properties soil maximum water holding capacity, capillary water holding capacity, field water holding capacity, soil total porosity, capillary porosity, and noncapillary porosity decreased as the soil depth increased: however, there were no obvious differences in soil water content related to soil depth. The soil chemical properties including soil organic matter, total nitrogen, mineral nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium, all decreased as the soil depth increased, though there were no significant differences in the pH values and soil total phosphorus and total potassium contents with soil depth. (3) Correlation analysis of the physical and chemical properties of the soil revealed significant correlations between soil organic matter and soil nitrogen, mineral nitrogen, total phosphorus, soil maximum water holding capacity, capillary water holding capacity, field water holding capacity, soil total porosity, capillary porosity, and noncapillary porosity, whereas there was significant negative correlation with soil bulk density; There was significant correlation between total nitrogen and soil mineral nitrogen, soil maximum water holding capacity, capillary water holding capacity, field water holding capacity, soil total porosity, capillary porosity, noncapillary porosity, but had significant negative correlation with soil bulk density. There was significant negative correlation between soil bulk density and soil maximum water holding capacity, capillary water holding capacity, field water holding capacity, soil total porosity, capillary porosity, and noncapillary porosity. The findings revealed that mixed plantation improved soil physical and chemical properties to a greater extent than did pure plantation. Therefore, this study implies that mixed plantation should be the main part of plantation management in this area in the future and that managers of pure plantations should considered transforming them into mixed plantations.

Key words: physical and chemical properties of soil, pure forest, mixed forest, Lanzhou City, Loess Plateau

LIU Xiao’e,SU Shiping,LI Yi,WANG Wei. Study on the ecological benefits of a plantation mixed forest model in the Loess Plateau[J].Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(2): 380-391.

Figures/Tables 9

Tab. 1

Tab. 2

Multiple comparisons in physical properties of different soil horizons in 5 stand types"

林分类型	土层/cm	土壤容重/(g·cm³)	最大持水量/%	毛管持水量/%	田间持水量/%	毛管孔隙/%	非毛管孔隙/%	总空隙度/%	土壤含水量/%
侧柏	0~20	1.24 ±0.03c	50.70 ±1.81a	37.85 ±1.71a	31.83 ±1.39a	46.67 ±0.90a	6.49 ±0.24a	53.16 ±1.07a	7.38 ±0.41a
	20~40	1.30 ±0.06bc	42.57 ±1.69c	35.67 ±2.45b	26.84 ±1.93b	45.92 ±1.18ab	5.29 ±0.68a	51.21 ±1.86ab	6.27 ±0.56a
	40~60	1.42 ±0.05ab	36.74 ±0.57c	29.53 ±2.59c	23.33 ±0.63c	41.79 ±2.09bc	5.17 ±0.68a	46.97 ±1.67bc	6.17 ±0.54a
	60~80	1.48 ±0.04a	34.34 ±2.34c	27.38 ±1.38c	21.60 ±0.62c	40.34 ±0.90c	4.87 ±0.62a	45.21 ±1.37c	4.01 ±0.97b
新疆杨	0~20	1.21 ±0.07b	47.52 ±6.83a	40.31 ±4.60a	32.50 ±4.14a	48.02 ±2.87a	6.07 ±0.79a	54.09 ±2.42a	5.23 ±0.50a
	20~40	1.36 ±0.05ab	43.16 ±6.61a	32.24 ±1.80ab	25.43 ±1.73ab	43.61 ±1.09ab	5.52 ±1.16a	49.14 ±1.66ab	4.74 ±0.18ab
	40~60	1.41 ±0.01a	38.10 ±2.81a	29.94 ±0.90b	24.05 ±1.42b	42.30 ±0.78ab	4.98 ±0.24a	47.29 ±0.54b	3.87 ±0.48ab
	60~80	1.44 ±0.03a	36.25 ±1.82a	29.29 ±1.63b	23.26 ±1.12b	41.91 ±1.44b	4.73 ±0.51a	46.63 ±0.98b	3.59 ±0.39b
刺槐	0~20	1.25 ±0.05a	50.01 ±2.40a	36.20 ±2.23a	29.69 ±0.21a	44.95 ±1.07a	7.83 ±0.56a	52.78 ±1.62a	11.92 ±0.58a
	20~40	1.28 ±0.06a	44.17 ±1.50b	34.86 ±2.76a	28.80 ±0.56a	44.25 ±1.49a	7.53 ±0.73a	51.78 ±1.89a	7.23 ±1.26b
	40~60	1.30 ±0.09a	39.80 ±1.68bc	34.45 ±3.45a	28.58 ±0.52a	44.26 ±1.41a	6.72 ±1.98a	50.99 ±2.88a	5.59 ±0.81b
	60~80	1.35 ±0.04a	37.13 ±1.33c	31.49 ±0.61a	27.24 ±1.86a	42.55 ±0.38a	6.76 ±1.62a	49.31 ±1.24a	7.09 ±1.38b
侧柏刺槐	0~20	1.11 ±0.04b	55.29 ±2.13a	44.31 ±2.10a	34.66 ±2.48a	49.08 ±0.80a	8.22 ±0.38a	57.29 ±1.17a	15.20 ±0.71a
	20~40	1.25 ±0.02a	48.37 ±0.80ab	36.18 ±0.21b	28.93 ±0.72ab	45.33 ±0.91ab	7.28 ±1.49a	52.61 ±0.59b	13.66 ±0.07ab
	40~60	1.31 ±0.04a	41.67 ±2.39bc	34.40 ±2.01b	27.80 ±0.33b	44.70 ±1.44b	6.23 ±0.95a	50.93 ±1.32b	12.36 ±0.56b
	60~80	1.34 ±0.03a	37.79 ±3.00c	32.65 ±1.88b	26.21 ±2.48b	43.69 ±1.48b	5.99 ±0.48a	49.68 ±1.04b	9.69 ±0.32c
新疆杨刺槐	0~20	1.05 ±0.02d	63.93 ±2.14a	47.17 ±0.65a	39.11 ±0.70a	49.63 ±1.10a	9.60 ±1.70a	59.23 ±0.69a	17.00 ±0.28a
	20~40	1.16 ±0.02c	55.60 ±1.12b	41.27 ±0.78b	34.31 ±1.38ab	47.92 ±0.16ab	7.70 ±0.56ab	55.62 ±0.64b	15.13 ±0.58b
	40~60	1.26 ±0.02b	47.26 ±3.28c	36.03 ±0.85c	32.80 ±0.55bc	45.48 ±0.78b	6.80 ±0.81ab	52.28 ±0.52c	13.62 ±0.15c
	60~80	1.39 ±0.02a	44.21 ±1.90c	30.66 ±0.70d	28.01 ±3.15c	42.44 ±0.67c	5.81 ±0.82b	48.25 ±0.64d	9.52 ±0.62d
	0~20	1.17±0.04c	53.49 ±2.90a	41.17 ±2.03a	33.56 ±1.60a	47.67 ±0.85a	7.64 ±0.63a	55.31 ±1.26a	11.35 ±2.24a
	20~40	1.27±0.03bc	46.77 ±2.43ab	36.05 ±1.47b	28.86 ±1.51b	45.41 ±0.75b	6.66 ±0.52ab	52.07 ±1.06b	9.40 ±2.09a
	40~60	1.34±0.03ab	40.71 ±1.83bc	32.87 ±1.31bc	27.31 ±1.71b	43.71 ±0.71bc	5.98 ±0.38b	49.69 ±1.08bc	8.32 ±1.95a
	60~80	1.40±0.03a	37.94 ±1.67c	30.29 ±0.91c	25.26 ±1.22b	42.19 ±0.55c	5.63 ±0.38b	47.82 ±0.84c	6.78 ±1.30a
侧柏		1.36±0.03a	41.09±0.84c	32.61 ±1.50b	25.90 ±0.25c	43.68 ±1.03b	5.46 ±0.35a	49.14 ±1.11b	5.96 ±0.08d
新疆杨		1.30±0.05ab	42.78±0.89bc	34.25 ±2.08b	28.58 ±0.40bc	44.00 ±0.74ab	7.21 ±1.19a	51.21 ±1.80ab	7.96 ±0.50c
刺槐		1.35±0.03a	41.26±1.67c	32.95 ±1.45b	26.31 ±1.73bc	43.96 ±0.78ab	5.33 ±0.38a	49.29 ±0.98b	4.36 ±0.11e
侧柏刺槐		1.25±0.01ab	45.78±1.03b	36.88 ±0.68ab	29.40 ±1.06b	45.70 ±0.85ab	6.93 ±0.70a	52.63 ±0.14ab	12.73 ±0.18b
新疆杨刺槐		1.22±0.01b	52.75±1.00a	38.78 ±0.48a	33.56 ±0.89a	46.37 ±0.05a	7.48 ±0.51a	53.84 ±0.49a	13.82 ±0.26a

Tab. 2

Fig. 1

Tab. 3

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Tab. 4

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林分类型	郁闭度	海拔/m	林龄/a	平均树高/m	林分密度 /(棵·hm^-2)	土壤类型
侧柏林	0.85	1813	30	6.02	2977	灰钙土
刺槐林	0.70	1782	35	9.39	2700	灰钙土
新疆杨林	0.60	1772	35	11.06	2500	灰钙土
侧柏刺槐混交林	0.70	1761	30	6.13	2740	灰钙土
新疆杨刺槐混交林	0.65	1804	30	10.92	2801	灰钙土

林分类型或土层厚度/cm	pH	有机质 /(g·kg^-1)	全氮 /(g·kg^-1)	无机氮 /(mg·kg^-1)	全磷 /(g·kg^-1)	速效磷 /(mg·kg^-1)	全钾 /(g·kg^-1)	速效钾 /(mg·kg^-1)
0~20	8.23±0.09a	15.99±1.95a	0.76±0.06a	30.95±5.44a	0.73±0.03a	6.39±0.39a	17.90±0.12a	85.50±0.52a
20~40	8.21±0.07a	8.32±1.49b	0.60±0.07ab	23.00±4.13ab	0.69±0.03a	4.51±0.50b	17.96±0.41a	74.43±0.79b
40~60	8.10±0.07a	4.90±0.68bc	0.47±0.06bc	16.63±3.08b	0.68±0.02a	4.19±0.57b	18.28±0.30a	66.58±1.15c
60~80	8.23±0.11a	3.87±0.46c	0.31±0.03c	12.54±3.10b	0.66±0.02a	3.88±0.79b	18.55±0.38a	57.04±1.00d
侧柏	8.12±0.12bc	6.24±0.62b	0.47±0.01d	14.90±0.06d	0.63±0.02b	4.08±0.1bc	18.52±0.17a	72.48±1.08a
新疆杨	8.34±0.07ab	6.11±0.83b	0.40±0.02e	12.66±0.38e	0.69±0.03ab	5.51±0.21a	18.17±0.30a	71.52±1.42a
刺槐	8.36±0.03a	7.19±0.69b	0.54±0.01c	17.72±0.35c	0.64±0.01b	5.04±0.35ab	18.77±0.09a	70.77±0.68a
侧柏刺槐	8.02±0.02c	10.14±0.33a	0.59±0.01b	25.40±1.80b	0.75±0.03a	3.44±0.23c	17.25±0.34a	69.34±1.58a
新疆杨刺槐	8.13±0.05bc	11.67±0.57a	0.68±0.01a	33.22±0.71a	0.73±0.02a	5.66±0.51a	18.15±0.19a	70.34±2.37a

土壤参数	X₁	X₂	X₃	X₄	X₅	X₆	X₇	X₈	X₉	X₁₀	X₁₁	X₁₂	X₁₃	X₁₄	X₁₅
X₁pH	1
X₂有机质	-0.428	1
X₃全氮	-0.454	0.829^**	1
X₄无机氮	-0.492	0.903^**	0.947^**	1
X₅全磷	-0.310	0.755^**	0.401	0.533^*	1
X₆速效磷	0.374	-0.101	0.043	0.016	-0.232	1
X₇全钾	0.490	-0.455	-0.228	-0.371	-0.730^**	0.391	1
X₈速效钾	-0.079	-0.368	-0.233	-0.273	-0.234	0.155	0.271	1
X₉容重	0.402	-0.753^**	-0.812^**	-0.723^**	-0.467	0.004	0.243	0.235	1
X₁₀最大持水量	-0.358	0.814^**	0.897^**	0.868^**	0.483	0.202	-0.300	-0.284	-0.763^**	1
X₁₁毛管持水量	-0.442	0.755^**	0.797^**	0.748^**	0.483	0.029	-0.269	-0.203	-0.981^**	0.775^**	1
X₁₂田间持水量	-0.268	0.743^**	0.830^**	0.846^**	0.422	0.298	-0.167	-0.312	-0.774^**	0.775^**	0.820^**	1
X₁₃毛管孔隙度	-0.501	0.685^**	0.668^**	0.678^**	0.509	-0.011	-0.304	-0.079	-0.865^**	0.652^**	0.934^**	0.769^**	1
X₁₄非毛管孔隙度	-0.130	0.543^*	0.691^**	0.515^*	0.212	0.034	-0.049	-0.313	-0.788^**	0.609^*	0.670^**	0.502	0.373	1
X₁₅总孔隙度	-0.395	0.746^**	0.819^**	0.726^**	0.446	0.011	-0.224	-0.228	-0.999^**	0.762^**	0.977^**	0.777^**	0.852^**	0.804^**	1

Study on the ecological benefits of a plantation mixed forest model in the Loess Plateau

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