窟野河水-气界面CO2交换通量变化特征及其影响因素分析

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2021.02.08

Abstract

Abstract:

This study aimed to examine the riverine CO₂ emissions on the Loess Plateau. The river water CO₂ partial pressure (pCO₂) and CO₂ outgassing across the water-air interface (FCO₂) in the Kuye River basin, situated in the northern Loess Plateau, was holistically investigated in July and October 2018 and March and June 2019 using a LI-7000 CO₂ analyzer. Both pCO₂ and FCO₂ were higher in rivers (996 μatm and 94.5 mmol·m^-2·d^-1, respectively) than in reservoirs (752 μatm and 10.3 mmol·m^-2·d^-1, respectively). Meanwhile, the FCO₂ exhibited pronounced seasonal variations. For the river waters, the highest FCO₂ of 165.7 mmol·m^-2·d^-1 occurred in autumn, and the lowest FCO₂ of 42.9 mmol·m^-2·d^-1 occurred in spring. For the reservoir waters, the opposite was observed with the highest FCO₂ of 16.6 mmol·m^-2·d^-1 occurring in spring and the lowest FCO₂ of -5.4 mmol·m^-2·d^-1 occurring in autumn. Spatially, the FCO₂ in the tributary rivers (107.4 mmol·m^-2·d^-1) with a stronger biogeochemical activity was significantly higher than that in the Kuye mainstream (66.5 mmol·m^-2·d^-1) by 50%. While for reservoirs, the FCO₂ of the reservoir waters (1.2 mmol·m^-2·d^-1) in the upper sandy hilly area was lower than that in the middle and lower loess hilly area (16.4 mmol·m^-2·d^-1). In summary, the pCO₂ was mostly affected by the carbonate system, followed by dissolved organic carbon. Additionally, flow velocity had a substantial impact on the gas transfer velocity (k), whereas there was no significant correlation between k and wind speed. On an annual scale, both rivers and reservoirs were strong carbon sources for the atmosphere, and their average effluxes were close to that of the Yangtze River while substantially lower than that of the other tributaries in the middle Yellow River Basin.

Key words: carbon dioxide outgassing, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, spatio-temporal variation, reservoir, Kuye River

SHI Hongyan,RAN Lishan,YUE Rong,YU Ruihong,ZHAO Yanxia,LYU Xixi. Variations of CO₂ exchange in the Kuye River basin and its influencing factors[J].Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(2): 369-379.

Figures/Tables 13

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采样日期	参数	pH	水温/℃	Chl a/（μg·L^-1）	DIC/(mg·L^-1)	DOC/(mg·L^-1)	风速/（m·s^-1）	流速/（m·s^-1）
2018年7月（夏季丰水期）	最小值	8.0	16.7	-	28.8	1.6	-	0.1
	最大值	9.4	33.8	-	63.4	18.4	-	0.9
	平均值	8.4	27.0	-	40.8	5.5	-	0.5
	标准偏差	0.5	5.5	-	10.8	5.8	-	0.3
2018年10月（秋季）	最小值	8.1	5.5	0.1	23.6	0.9	0.0	0.2
	最大值	8.8	16.2	15.9	63.4	13.7	1.3	1.4
	平均值	8.5	10.8	4.7	45.5	4.4	0.6	0.6
	标准偏差	0.7	2.5	4.9	11.8	4.0	0.4	0.3
2019年3月（春季）	最小值	8.7	1.0	4.2	23.0	1.0	0.0	0.1
	最大值	9.2	12.2	18.1	118.1	2.7	3.2	0.8
	平均值	8.8	6.6	9.1	58.1	1.6	1.0	0.4
	标准偏差	0.1	3.5	3.4	21.5	0.5	0.8	0.2
2019年6月（夏季枯水期）	最小值	8.6	19.5	2.4	28.8	0.1	0.0	0.0
	最大值	9.5	32.3	18.8	83.5	2.2	2.0	1.4
	平均值	9.0	25.0	6.2	54.6	0.5	0.3	0.5
	标准偏差	0.3	3.9	4.2	14.5	0.7	0.7	0.3

日期	参数	pH	水温/℃	Chl a/（μg·L^-1）	DIC/(mg·L^-1)	DOC/(mg·L^-1)	风速/（m·s^-1）
2018年7月（夏季丰水期）	最小值	8.2	27.7	2.9	26.5	2.6	-
	最大值	9.0	34.9	5.5	91.2	7.5	-
	平均值	8.7	29.8	4.3	58.2	4.3	-
	标准偏差	0.4	3.5	1.1	26.9	2.3	-
2018年10月（秋季）	最小值	8.3	10.8	1.1	38.3	1.2	0.6
	最大值	9.5	17.2	12.0	69.6	14.8	1.1
	平均值	8.9	12.9	5.7	48.8	4.2	0.8
	标准偏差	0.5	2.5	5.0	12.4	5.9	0.2
2019年3月（春季）	最小值	8.4	6.4	5.2	37.4	1.0	0.0
	最大值	9.4	12.7	27.3	61.9	12.8	3.2
	平均值	8.7	8.8	11.4	48.0	5.2	1.0
	标准偏差	0.4	2.5	9.1	10.8	4.6	0.8
2019年6月（夏季枯水期）	最小值	8.8	24.2	3.4	40.3	0.2	0.0
	最大值	9.6	30.0	6.0	101.4	17.5	2.0
	平均值	9.1	25.7	5.0	76.0	5.1	0.3
	标准偏差	0.3	2.4	1.1	24.4	7.2	0.7

季节及水体	pH	DIC	DOC	水温	Chl a
春季	-0.518^*	0.656^*	0.200	-0.261	-0.041
夏季枯水期	-0.836^**	0.190	-0.742^**	-0.247	-0.608^*
夏季丰水期	-0.786^**	0.232	0.549^*	-0.232	-
秋季	-0.638^*	0.040	0.582^*	0.446	-0.177

	pCO₂	pH	DIC	DOC	水温	Chl a
pCO₂	1
pH	-0.503^*	1
DIC	0.663^**	0.628^**	1
DOC	-0.609^**	0.492^*	0.702^**	1
水温	-0.264	0.276	0.476	0.203	1
Chl a	-0.519^*	0.392	-0.120	0.213	0.024	1

河流	位置	气候带	pCO₂/（μatm）	FCO₂/（mmol·m^-2·d^-1）	参考文献
窟野河（黄河支流）	中国	温带	941	94.5	本研究
无定河（黄河支流）	中国	温带	881	168.6	[18]
头道拐（黄河干流）	中国	温带	995	230.1	[17]
黄河（枯水、丰水期）	中国	温带	2810	854.8	[15]
黄河（源区）	中国	高原气候带	771	135.0	[41]
长江	中国	温带	1013	42.5~93.7	[40]
科罗拉多河	美国	温带	250~4000	35.9	[42]
阿尔卑斯山区Ybbs河	奥地利	温带	367~1169	86.0~290.1	[43]
西江	中国	亚热带	2600	172.6~356.2	[30]
亚马逊河	巴西	热带	141~9569	327.1	[34]
刚果河	刚果	热带	1087~22899	2469.0	[44]

Variations of CO₂ exchange in the Kuye River basin and its influencing factors

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Variations of CO2 exchange in the Kuye River basin and its influencing factors

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Variations of CO₂ exchange in the Kuye River basin and its influencing factors