不同生境芦苇根茎生长发育与根际微环境的比较研究

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2021.01.24

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以临泽县4种生境（沙丘生境、盐渍生境、盐渍-沙丘过渡生境、沼泽生境）芦苇根茎和芦苇根际土壤为研究对象,测定不同生境下芦苇根茎生长发育指标、根际土壤微生物数量及水分、盐分含量,分析了不同生境下根茎生长发育与根际土壤微生物数量、土壤含水量及含盐量的关系。结果表明：（1）对比4种生境下芦苇根茎发育,从盐渍生境,到盐渍-沙丘过渡生境、沙丘生境,再到沼泽生境,根茎节间距呈缩短趋势,而节直径、根茎长度及不定芽数呈增长趋势,根茎含水量和根茎生物量、株高、基径也呈增加趋势。（2）根际土壤微生物数量在4种生境之间差异显著,盐渍生境下芦苇根际土壤真菌数量最多,细菌、放线菌数量最少;沼泽生境芦苇根际土壤真菌数量最少,细菌、放线菌数量最多。（3）相关性分析表明,芦苇根际土壤微生物数量对芦苇根茎数量特征的驱动作用不同。土壤细菌、放线菌数量、B/F值是芦苇根茎长度、根茎节直径、根茎生物量、根茎含水量、株高、基径的主要影响因子,土壤真菌是芦苇根茎节间距的主要影响因子。土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌、B/F是芦苇根茎不定芽数的主要影响因子。土壤细菌、放线菌、B/F值为正向驱动,真菌为负向驱动。

关键词: 芦苇, 生境, 根际, 土壤微生物, 根茎

Abstract:

Comparative study on the reed rhizospheric microenvironment and reed rhizome growth and development in four different habitats were reported in this paper. The rhizome and reed rhizospheric soil in four habitats (sand dune habitat, transitional habitat from saline to sand dune, saline habitat, marsh habitat) were studied in Linze County. Relevant indicators, such as the growth and development indexes of the reed rhizome, quantity of microorganisms, soil water, and soil salt content, were determined in the rhizospheric soil of different habitats. Based on the analysis, the relationship between the growth and development of the rhizome and the quantity of microorganisms, water content, and salt content in rhizospheric soil in different habitats was elucidated. The results showed that: (1) There were significant differences in the biomass of the reed rhizome among the four habitats, among which the internodal length was largest in the four habitats. The pitch diameter, biomass, water content, and length of the rhizome as well as the number of adventitious buds were smallest under the salt habitat, which showed that the growth of the reed rhizome was inhibited by saline soil. Compared with the development of the rhizome in four habitats, from salt habitat to salt-dune transition habitat to sand dune habitat, and then to marsh habitat, which were manifested as a shortening trend of internodal length, thickening trend of pitch diameter, and increasing trend of rhizome length, adventitious bud number, rhizome water content, and rhizome biomass. (2) There were significant differences in the number of rhizospheric soil microorganisms among the four habitats; the highest salt content of reed rhizospheric soil, largest number of soil fungi, and smallest number of bacteria and actinomycetes were found in the salt habitat. The smallest number of fungi and the largest number of bacteria and actinomycetes existed in the marsh habitat. (3) A correlation analysis showed that the number of soil microorganisms in the reed rhizosphere had different driving effects on the number characteristics of reed rhizomes. The number of soil bacteria, actinomycetes, and B/F value are the main influencing factors of the reed rhizome length, rhizome node diameter, rhizome biomass, rhizome water content, plant height, and base diameter. Soil fungi are the main influencing factors of reed rhizome node spacing. Soil bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, and B/F were the main factors affecting the number of adventitious buds. Soil bacteria, actinomycetes, and B/F value were positive driving factors, whereas fungi were negative driving factors. The oil water content has the greatest direct effect on the number of soil bacteria in the rhizosphere, and the soil salt content has a negative direct effect on the number of soil bacteria. Soil salinity has an indirect effect on soil bacteria through the soil water content. Soil salinity has the greatest direct effect on soil fungi, and soil water content has a greater indirect effect on soil fungi through soil salinity. It has a negative direct effect on soil actinomycetes, and the soil salt content has a greater indirect effect on soil actinomycetes through the soil water content.

Key words: Phragmites australis, reed habitat, rhizosphere, soil microorganism, rhizome

王婷,李朝周,焦健,芝祥红. 不同生境芦苇根茎生长发育与根际微环境的比较研究[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(1): 233-240.

WANG Ting,LI Chaozhou,JIAO Jian,ZHI Xianghong. Comparative study on the reed rhizospheric microenvironment and reed rhizome growth and development in different habitats[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(1): 233-240.

图/表 7

图1

图2

表1

图3

图4

表2

表3

参考文献 28

[1]	史功赋, 赵小庆, 方静, 等. 土壤微生物在植物生长发育中的作用及应用前景[J]. 北方农业学报, 2019,47(4):108-114.
	[ Shi Gongfu, Zhao Xiaoqing, Fang Jing, et al. Research progress on the effects of soil microorganisms on plant growth and development[J]. Journal of Northern Agriculture, 2019,47(4):108-114. ]
[2]	Jin T, Wang Y, Huang Y Y, et al. Taxonomic structure and functional association of foxtail millet root microbiome[J]. GigaScience, 2017,6(10):1-12. pmid: 29020740
[3]	Kwak Min Jung, Kong Hyun Gi, Choi Kihyuck, et al. Author Correction: Rhizosphere microbiome structure alters to enable wilt resistance in tomato[J]. Nature Biotechnology, 2018,36(11):1117-1118. pmid: 30412196
[4]	Delgado-baquerizo M, Oliverio A M, B REewer T E, et al. A global atlas of the dominant bacteria found in soil[J]. Science, 2018,359(6373):320-325. doi: 10.1126/science.aap9516 pmid: 29348236
[5]	陈默君, 贾慎修. 中国饲用植物[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2002: 253-255.
	[ Chen Mojun, Jia Shenxiu. Chinese Forage Plant[M]. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2002: 253-255. ]
[6]	焦德志, 姜秋旭, 曹瑞, 等. 扎龙湿地不同生境芦苇种群根茎数量特征及动态[J]. 生态学报, 2018,38(10):3432-3440.
	[ Jiao Dezhi, Jiang Qiuxu, Cao Rui, et al. Quantitative characteristics and dynamics of the rhizome of Phragmites australis populations in heterogeneous habitats in the Zhalong Wetland[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018,38(10):3432-3440. ]
[7]	周玲玲. 土壤盐分胁迫对棉田土壤微生态的影响[D]. 南京: 南京农业大学, 2010.
	[ Zhou Lingling. Effects of Salinity Stress on Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. ) Room Growth and Cotton Field Soil Micro-Ecology[D]. Nanjing: College of Agronomy Nanjing Agricultural University, 2010. ]
[8]	滑丽萍, 华珞, 王学东, 等. 芦苇对白洋淀底泥重金属污染程度的影响效应研究[J]. 水土保持学报, 2006,20(2):102-105.
	[ Hua Liping, Hua Luo, Wang Xuedong, et al. Study on effect of reed on heavy metal pollution in sediments of Baiyangdian[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2006,20(2):102-105. ]
[9]	陈阳, 王贺, 郝金标, 等. 盐渍生境下两种生态型芦苇的形态结构及矿质元素分布[J]. 土壤学报, 2010,47(2):334-340.
	[ Cheng Yang, Wang He, Hao Jingbiao, et al. Morphological structures of two ecotypes of reeds and distributiaon of mineral elements therein in salt-affected habitat[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2010,47(2):334-340. ]
[10]	Nibau C, Gibbs D J, Coates J C. Branching out in new directions: The control of root architecture by lateral root formation[J]. New Phytologist, 2008,179(3):595-614.
[11]	李凯辉, 胡玉昆, 王鑫, 等. 不同海拔梯度高寒草地地上生物量与环境因子关系[J]. 应用生态学报, 2007,18(9):2019-2024.
	[ Li Kaihui, Hu Yukuong, Wang Xin, et al. Relationships between belowground biomass of alpine grassland and environmental factors along an altitude gradient[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2007,18(9):2019-2024. ]
[12]	陈国仓, 张承烈. 不同生境芦苇形态特征和茎秆解剖结构的比较研究[J]. 兰州大学学报, 1991,27(1):91-98.
	[ Chen Guocang, Zhang Chenglie. Comparative studies on morphological character and anatomical structure of fibre in stalk of four distinct types of Phragmites communis trin[J]. Journal of Lanzhou University, 1991,27(1):91-98. ]
[13]	鲍士旦. 土壤农化分析[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2000.
	[ Bao Shidan. Soil Andagricultural Chemistry Analysis [M]. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2000. ]
[14]	李坤. 葡萄连作障碍机理及调控途径的研究[D]. 沈阳: 沈阳农业大学, 2010.
	[ Li Kun. Studies on the Mechanism and Control Approaches of Replant Obstacle in Grape[D]. Shengyang: Shengyang Agricultural University, 2010. ]
[15]	张熙灵, 王立新, 刘华民, 等. 芦苇、香蒲和藨草3种挺水植物的养分吸收动力学[J]. 生态学报, 2014,34(9):2238-2245. doi: 10.5846/stxb201303210470
	[ Zhang Xiling, Wang Lixin, Liu Huamin, et al. Kinetics of nutrient uptake by three emergent plants, Phragmites australis, Typha orientalis and Scirpus triqueter[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2014,34(9):2238-2245. ] doi: 10.5846/stxb201303210470
[16]	邹元春, 吕宪国, 姜明. 湿地克隆植物根茎对变境适应的表型可塑性[J]. 湿地科学, 2007,5(4):305-310.
	[ Zou Yuanchun, Lyu Xianguo, Jiang Ming. Adaptive phenotypic plasticity of clonal plant rhizomes in wetlands[J]. Wetland Science, 2007,5(4):305-310. ]
[17]	Scordial D, Zanetti F, Varga S, et al. New insights into the propagation methods of Switchgrass, Miscanthus and Giant Reed[J]. Bioenegy Research, 2015,8(4):1-12.
[18]	何玉惠, 赵哈林, 刘新平, 等. 科尔沁沙地典型生境下芦苇的生长特征分析[J]. 中国沙漠, 2009,29(2):288-292.
	[ He Yuhui, Zhao Haling, Liu Xingping, et al. Growth characteristics of Phragmites australis in typical habitats of horqin sandy land[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2009,29(2):288-292. ]
[19]	刘滨硕, 康春莉, 李忠民, 等. 不同盐碱梯度生境下羊草根茎生长的研究[J]. 东北师大学报(自然科学版), 2013,45(3):110-114.
	[ Liu Binshou, Kang Chunli, Li Zhongming, et al. The effects of different alkali-saline stress on the growth of rhizome of Leymus chinensis[J]. Journal of Northeast Normal University(Natural Science Edition) , 2013,45(3):110-114. ]
[20]	叶学华, 胡宇坤, 刘志兰, 等. 水分异质性影响两种根茎型克隆植物赖草和假苇拂子茅的水分存储力[J]. 植物生态学报, 2013,37(5):427-435.
	[ Ye Xuehua, Hu Yukun, Liu Zhilan, et al. Water heterogeneous affects water storage in two rhizomatous clonal plants Leymus secalinus and Calamagrostis pseudophragmites[J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2013,37(5):427-435. ]
[21]	满达. 差不嘎蒿种子萌发及苗期抗旱生理特性研究[D]. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古农业大学, 2017.
	[ Man Da. Research on Seed Germinatiao and Drought Resistance Physiological Characteristics in Seeding Stage of Artemisia halodendron[D]. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 2017. ]
[22]	古丽娜尔·哈里别克. 于田绿洲土壤盐分对芦苇生长的影响研究[D]. 乌鲁木齐: 新疆大学, 2012.
	[ Gulinar Haribek. The Soil Salinity Effects on the Growth of Phragmites australis in Yutian Oasis[D]. Urumqi: Xinjiang University, 2012. ]
[23]	马俊逸, 赵成章, 苟芳珍, 等. 盐沼湿地植物的群落分类及其空间分布格局对土壤水盐的响应[J]. 干旱区研究, 2020,37(4):1001-1008.
	[ Ma Junyi, Zhao Chengzhang, Gou Fangzhen, et al. Response of spatial distribution and community types of wetland plants to soil moisture and salinity in the salt marsh[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2020,37(4):1001-1008. ]
[24]	邱天, 鞠淼, 徐嘉咛, 等. 芦苇生长与物质生产对盐碱胁迫的可塑性响应[J]. 东北师大学报(自然科学版), 2013,45(1):109-112.
	[ Qiu Tian, Ju Miao, Xu Jianing, et al. Plastic response of Phragmites australis under salt or alkali stress in growth and biomass[J]. Journal of Northeast Normal University(Natural Science Edition), 2013,45(1):109-112. ]
[25]	贡璐, 朱美玲, 塔西甫拉提·特依拜, 等. 塔里木盆地南缘旱生芦苇生态特征与水盐因子关系[J]. 生态学报, 2014,34(10):2510-2518.
	[ Gong Lu, Zhu Meiling, Tashpolat Tiyip, et al. Ecological characteristics of Phragmites australis and their relationship to watersalt indicators in dry habitats of the southern marginal zones of the Tarim Basin, China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2014,34(10):2510-2518. ]
[26]	焦亮, 关雪, 刘雪蕊, 等. 内陆河湿地芦苇叶功能性状特征及其对土壤环境因子的响应[J]. 干旱区研究, 2020,37(1):202-211.
	[ Jiao Liang, Guan Xue, Liu Xuerui, et al. Functional traits of Phragmites australis leaves and response to soil environmental factors in inland river wetland[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2020,37(1):202-211. ]
[27]	郝珉辉, 张忠辉, 赵珊珊, 等. 吉林蛟河针阔混交林树木生长与生境的关联性[J]. 生态学报, 2017,37(10):3437-3444.
	[ Hao Minhui, Zhang Zhonghui, Zhao Shanshan, et al. Habitat associations of tree growth in a coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest in Jiaohe, Jilin Province[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2017,37(10):3437-3444. ]
[28]	张瑜斌, 林鹏, 魏小勇, 等. 盐度对稀释平板法研究红树林区土壤微生物数量的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2008,28(3):1287-1297.
	[ Zhang Yubing, Ling Peng, Wei Xiaoyong, et al. Effect of salinity on microbial densities of soil in the dilution plate technique applied in mangrove areas[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2008,28(3):1287-1297. ]

不同生境	土壤含水量/%	土壤含盐量/（mg·g^-1）
沙丘生境	11.67±0.30d	0.70±0.10d
盐渍-沙丘过渡生境	16.56±0.33c	2.66±0.03b
盐渍生境	28.21±2.40b	3.33±0.29a
沼泽生境	32.74±1.78a	1.15±0.05c

类别	细菌数量	真菌数量	放线菌数量	B/F
根茎长度	0.961^**	-0.917^**	0.930^**	0.970^**
根茎节直径	0.876^**	-0.779^**	0.788^**	0.933^**
根茎节间距	-0.825^**	0.795^**	-0.905^**	-0.777^**
根茎不定芽数	0.942^**	0.838^**	0.842^**	0.972^**
根茎生物量	0.841^**	-0.800^**	0.899^**	0.802^**
根茎含水量	0.848^**	-0.742^**	0.787^**	0.872^**
株高	0.949^**	-0.907^**	0.891^**	0.967^**
基径	0.951^**	-0.913^**	0.880^**	0.979^**

细菌数量	自变量	简单相关系数	直接作用	间接作用
	自变量	简单相关系数	直接作用	土壤含水量	土壤含盐量
	土壤含水量	0.124	0.345^*		-0.221
	土壤含盐量	-0.862^**	-0.943^**	0.081
真菌数量	自变量	简单相关系数	直接作用	间接作用
	自变量	简单相关系数	直接作用	土壤含水量	土壤含盐量
	土壤含水量	0.044	-0.178		0.221
	土壤含盐量	0.903^**	0.945^**	-0.042
放线菌数量	自变量	简单相关系数	直接作用	间接作用
	自变量	简单相关系数	直接作用	土壤含水量	土壤含盐量
	土壤含水量	0.005	0.205		-0.200
	土壤含盐量	-0.808^**	-0.856^**	0.048