基于地理探测器的河套灌区林草植被覆盖度时空变化与驱动力分析

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2023.04.11

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于2000—2019年的林草植被覆盖度数据分析了河套灌区近20 a的林草植被时空变化特征，并利用地理探测器定量分析了各驱动因子对林草植被覆盖的影响。结果表明：（1）近20 a河套灌区林草地面积总体呈减少态势，减少量为966.15 km²，林草植被覆盖度等级整体呈上升趋势，多年平均林草植被覆盖度为28.3%，空间尺度上，河套灌区林草植被覆盖度呈现出东北向西南递减的空间变化特征；（2）近20 a低林草植被覆盖度、中林草植被覆盖度等重心主要位于永济灌域东北侧和义长灌域西南侧，各级林草植被覆盖重心表现为从东北向西南方向递减，并均呈现出向西南方向迁移的态势，各时段迁移距离介于0.71~15.46 km；（3）距水域距离、地下水埋深、气温、降水是影响区域内林草植被覆盖度的主导环境因子，且解释力分别为0.427、0.439、0.318、0.368；距水域距离、地下水埋深、年平均降水与其他因子的交互作用普遍较高，区域含水量的大小是影响河套灌区林草地生长状况的主要驱动力，研究结果可为灌区自然植被的保护与恢复提供相应的科学依据。

关键词: 河套灌区, 林草植被覆盖度, 时空变化, 驱动因子, 地理探测器

Abstract:

Based on the data on forest and grass vegetation coverage from 2000 to 2019, the spatiotemporal change of forest and grass vegetation in Hetao Irrigation District over 20 years was analyzed, and the influence of various factors driving forest and grass vegetation coverage was quantitatively analyzed using a geographical detector. The results showed the following: (1) The area of forest and grassland in Hetao Irrigation District showed a decreasing trend in the studied 20 years, with a decrease of 966.15 km². The vegetation coverage level of forest and grassland showed an overall upward trend. The average annual vegetation coverage of forest and grassland was 28.3%. On the spatial scale, the vegetation coverage of forest and grassland in Hetao Irrigation District showed a spatial variation characteristic of decreasing from northeast to southwest. (2) In the studied 20 years, the centers of gravity of low forest and grass vegetation coverage and medium forest and grass vegetation coverage have mainly been located in the northeast of Yongji irrigation area and the southwest of Yichang irrigation area, respectively. The centers of gravity of forest and grass vegetation coverage at all levels show a decreasing trend from northeast to southwest, and all show a trend of migration to the southwest. The migration distance in each period was between 0.71 and 15.46 km. (3) Distance from water, groundwater depth, temperature, and precipitation are the dominant environmental factors affecting the forest and grass vegetation coverage in the region, with explanatory power of 0.427, 0.439, 0.318, and 0.368, respectively. The interaction between distance from water, groundwater depth, annual average precipitation, and other factors is generally higher, and the regional water content is the main driving force affecting the growth of forest and grassland in Hetao Irrigation District.

Key words: Hetao Irrigation District, vegetation coverage, spatiotemporal change, driving factor, geographical detector

李鑫磊, 李瑞平, 王秀青, 王思楠, 王成坤. 基于地理探测器的河套灌区林草植被覆盖度时空变化与驱动力分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(4): 623-635.

LI Xinlei, LI Ruiping, WANG Xiuqing, WANG Sinan, WANG Chengkun. Spatiotemporal change and analysis of factors driving forest-grass vegetation coverage in Hetao Irrigation District based on geographical detector[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(4): 623-635.

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数据类型	数据来源	产品	分辨率（时间范围）	预处理
遥感数据	Google Earth Engine遥感云平台(https://earthengine.google.com)	Landsat Surface Reflectance Tier 1系列数据	30 m（2000—2019年）	数据集都经过几何校正、大气校正等预处理，同时结合区域的物候规律，选取每年7—10月植被生长旺盛季作为数据源
土地利用类型矢量数据	内蒙古土地调查规划院	巴彦淖尔市各个旗县的土地利用类型矢量数据	2000年、2009年、2019年	利用ArcGIS软件进行拼接、裁剪等处理得到河套灌区土地利用矢量数据
地形数据	地理空间数据云平台（http://www.gscloud.cn）	ASTER GDEM 数字高程产品	30 m （2009年、2019年）	通过ENVI软件进行无缝镶嵌、投影、裁剪等处理得到河套灌区高程数据
气象数据	中国气象科学数据共享网站（http://data.cma.gov.cn/）	降水量、气温	2009年、2019年	基于反距离权重内插法生成150 m分辨率的栅格数据
地下水数据	通过自动水位监测系统采集，地下水位观测井共176眼	-	2009年、2019年	通过数据整理与插值计算得到河套灌区150 m分辨率的地下水位栅格图
GDP和人口数据	巴彦淖尔市统计局	巴彦淖尔市社会统计年鉴	2009年、2019年	基于反距离权重内插法生成150 m分辨率的栅格数据
距水域、公路、居民点、耕地距离	-	-	2009年、2019年	提取土地利用矢量数据中各要素，基于欧氏距离计算每个像元到各要素之间的距离，通过重采样生成150 m分辨率的栅格数据

植被覆盖度等级	FVC
低植被覆盖度	<15%
较低植被覆盖度	15%~30%
中植被覆盖度	30%~45%
较高植被覆盖度	45%~60%
高植被覆盖度	>60%

FVC等级	低	较低	中	较高	高	转入
低	111.91	58.24	7.06	1.5	0.66	342.49
较低	182.67	237.46	44.39	8.25	3.05	652.75
中	71.14	153.32	55.92	14.68	6.42	413
较高	15.77	37.2	23.01	10.54	7.26	143.93
高	6.6	12.7	10.28	7.93	11.44	95.62
转出	984.38	1007.26	401.12	133.27	87.91

探测因子	指标	最大FVC均值	最适范围
X1	距道路距离	0.387	10014~13121 m
X2	距耕地距离	0.467	1566~2254 m
X3	距水体距离	0.327	0~670 m
X4	距居民点距离	0.402	7537~11250 m
X5	地下水埋深	0.499	1.8~2.8 m
X6	年平均气温	0.351	8.9~9.2 ℃
X7	年平均降水	0.665	147~157 mm