基于MSPA模型和电路理论的晋西北国土空间生态修复关键区域识别

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2024.09.15

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

国土空间生态修复是落实国家生态文明战略的重要举措，生态修复关键区域识别是国土空间生态修复的关键一环，是科学开展生态修复的关键和难点，对维护区域生态安全具有重要的意义，但当前我国国土空间生态修复关键区域识别相关理论研究滞后于实践工作。本文以晋西北为研究区，通过形态学空间分析（Morphological Spatial Analysis，MSPA）模型结合生态系统服务价值识别生态源地，采用电路理论识别与提取生态廊道，在此基础上，进行生态修复关键区域识别及时空演变规律分析，从而给出对应生态修复策略。结果显示：2000—2020年晋西北生态源地数量及面积均呈现增加的趋势，20 a间生态源地总面积从1898.43 km²增长到2026.17 km²，空间分布呈现南部集中连片，北部零散分布的特点；生态廊道数量与长度先增加后减少，空间分布上南部保持短且密集，中部和北部由长且稀疏趋向短且密集。生态修复关键区域中，生态夹点面积总体下降，20 a间从262.89 km²下降至194.34 km²，夹点普遍分布于生态廊道的两端邻近生态源地的区域，主要分布在偏关县、平鲁区、神池县和朔城区；生态障碍点整体呈现增加趋势，20 a间从324.61 km²增长到504.72 km²，随后又减少到338.86 km²，障碍点普遍分布于生态廊道的中段，由聚集分布转变为均匀分布。研究综合生态修复关键区域时空演变特征及研究区生态本底，提出针对性生态修复策略，即加强夹点和障碍点的小流域、小区域治理，减少人为干扰，以期为区域国土空间生态修复工作提供参考。

关键词: 国土空间生态修复, 关键区域识别, 时空演变, 晋西北

Abstract:

Ecological restoration of land space is an important measure to implement the national strategy of ecological civilization. The identification of key areas of ecological restoration is a key link to the ecological restoration of land space and is difficult to carry out scientifically. Maintaining regional ecological security is of great significance. However, at present, the research on the key region identification of ecological restoration in our country lags in practice. In this paper, based on the morphological spatial analysis (MSPA) model and the value of ecosystem services, the ecological corridor was identified and extracted by circuit theory, the key areas of ecological restoration were identified, the space-time evolution law was analyzed, and the corresponding ecological restoration strategies were provided. The results showed that from 2000 to 2020, the quantity and area of ecological source areas in Northwest Shanxi increased, and the total source areas enhanced from 1898.43 to 2026.17 km² in 20 years. The number and length of eco-corridors first elevated and then decreased, and their spatial distribution was short and dense in the south, middle, and north. In the key areas of ecological restoration, the area of ecological pinch declined from 262.89 to 194.34 km² in the past 20 years; the ecological barrier sites in Pianguan County, Pinglu District, Shenchi County, and Shuocheng District enhanced from 324.61 to 504.72 km² and then reduced to 338.86 km²; the obstacle points were generally distributed in the middle of the ecological corridor, and their distribution changed from aggregation to uniformity. The paper studies the space-time evolution characteristics of the critical ecological restoration areas and the ecological background of the study areas. It also puts forward the targeted ecological restoration strategies, namely, strengthening the management of small watersheds and areas at pinch and obstacle points, and reducing human disturbance, to provide reference for regional land space ecological restoration.

Key words: ecological restoration for territorial space, identification of key areas, spatio-temporal evolution, Northwest Shanxi

李可璇, 张蕾, 李豪, 张恩月, 李育桢, 宋彩云, 刘庚. 基于MSPA模型和电路理论的晋西北国土空间生态修复关键区域识别[J]. 干旱区研究, 2024, 41(9): 1593-1604.

LI Kexuan, ZHANG Lei, LI Hao, ZHANG Enyue, LI Yuzhen, SONG Caiyun, LIU Geng. Identification of the key regions of spatial ecological restoration in the Northwest Shanxi based on the MSPA model and circuit theory[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2024, 41(9): 1593-1604.

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生态系统服务		耕地	林地	草地	水域	未利用土地
供给服务	食物生产	0.85	0.25	0.23	0.66	0.01
	原料生产	0.40	0.58	0.34	0.37	0.03
	水资源供给	0.02	0.30	0.19	5.44	0.02
调节服务	气体调节	0.67	1.91	1.21	1.34	0.11
	气候调节	0.36	5.71	3.19	2.95	0.10
	净化环境	0.10	1.67	1.05	4.58	0.31
	水文调节	0.27	3.74	2.34	63.24	0.21
支持服务	土壤保持	1.03	2.32	1.47	1.62	0.13
	维持养分循环	0.12	0.18	0.11	0.13	0.01
	生物多样性	0.13	2.12	1.34	5.21	0.12
文化服务	美学景观	0.06	0.93	0.59	3.31	0.05

阻力因子	1级	2级	3级	4级	5级	权重
高程/m	<1100	1100~1300	1300~1500	1500~1700	>1700	0.08
坡度/（°）	0~2	2~6	6~15	15~25	>25	0.07
土地利用类型	林地、水域	草地	耕地	未利用土地	建设用地	0.23
NDVI	>0.8	0.6~0.8	0.4~0.6	0.2~0.4	<0.2	0.22
距道路距离/m	>4000	3000~4000	2000~3000	1000~2000	0~1000	0.12
距居民点距离/m	>2000	1500~2000	1000~1500	500~1000	<500	0.09
距水体距离/m	<1000	1000~2000	2000~3000	3000~4000	>4000	0.19