鄂尔多斯高原砒砂岩区植被恢复潜力

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2024.09.14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

评估黄河流域砒砂岩区的植被承载力，可以为流域植被建设和土地退化问题治理提供科学依据。本研究以鄂尔多斯高原砒砂岩典型分布区为研究区，基于植被在不同地形因素下的差异性分布划分为不同的砒砂岩生境类型，分析2000—2022年不同生境类型下植被变化趋势，并通过植被覆盖度反演得到的地上生物量定量化探究其承载潜力。结果表明：鄂尔多斯高原总体植被覆盖度每年以3.7%的速率缓慢增加，其中裸露砒砂岩区增长速率最高，覆沙砒砂岩区增加速率最低。2022年全区地上生物量相对于2000年增长了115.5%，达到219.49 g·m^-2，其中覆土砒砂岩区地上生物量年均值最高（185.29 g·m^-2）。植被覆盖度变化以及地上生物量在空间分布上类似，呈东南方向高，西北方向低。对照实际地上生物量发现裸露、覆沙、覆土砒砂岩区的植被地上生物量的现有量分别占其可承载潜力的75.2%、80.9%、84.2%。总的来说，各区域植被呈现增加趋势，仍有一定的发展潜力，其中裸露砒砂岩区增加潜力最大。

关键词: 砒砂岩区, 植被承载力, 地上生物量, 植被覆盖度, 生态治理

Abstract:

Evaluating the vegetation-carrying capacity of the soft rock area in the Yellow River Basin can provide a scientific basis for vegetation restoration and land degradation management. In this study, a representative portion of the Ordos Plateau soft rock area was divided into habitat types based on the varying distribution of vegetation under different topographic factors. Changes in vegetation type within different habitats from 2000 to 2022 were analyzed, and the carrying potential was quantified by the aboveground biomass obtained from the inversion of vegetation coverage. Vegetation cover of the Ordos Plateau increased slowly at a rate of 3.7% per year, with the highest growth rate observed in the bare soft rock region and the lowest in the sand-covered soft rock region. The aboveground biomass of the entire area increased by 115.5% in 2022 relative to that in 2000, reaching 219.49 g·m^-2, with the annual average aboveground biomass being highest in the overlying soft rock region (185.29 g·m^-2). The changes in vegetation cover and the spatial distribution of aboveground biomass were similar, with high values in southeast and low values in northwest. Compared with the actual aboveground biomass, the aboveground biomass of vegetation in bare, sand-covered, and soil-covered soft rock areas accounted for 75.2%, 80.9% and 84.2% of the carrying potential, respectively. In general, vegetation increased in all regions over the study period, with remaining growth potential, particularly in the exposed arsenic sandstone region.

Key words: the soft rock area, vegetation carrying capacity, above-ground biomass, vegetation coverage, ecological governance

戚曌, 闫峰, 席磊, 曹晓明, 邹佳秀, 冯益明. 鄂尔多斯高原砒砂岩区植被恢复潜力[J]. 干旱区研究, 2024, 41(9): 1583-1592.

QI Zhao, YAN Feng, XI Lei, CAO Xiaoming, ZOU Jiaxiu, FENG Yiming. A study on the potential for vegetation restoration in the soft rock area of the Ordos Plateau[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2024, 41(9): 1583-1592.

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类型	坡向	≤2°	2°~6°	6°~15°	15°~25°	>25°
FVC_{裸露砒砂岩区}	阴坡	0.34	0.32	0.40	0.50	-
	半阴坡	0.35	0.32	0.40	0.41	-
	阳坡	0.36	0.32	0.40	0.44	-
	半阳坡	0.35	0.31	0.38	0.45	0.52
FVC_{覆沙砒砂岩区}	阴坡	0.48	0.47	0.51	0.52	0.59
	半阴坡	0.49	0.47	0.51	0.51	0.35
	阳坡	0.50	0.49	0.52	0.52	0.43
	半阳坡	0.49	0.49	0.5	0.54	0.46
FVC_{覆土砒砂岩区}	阴坡	0.58	0.57	0.58	0.61	0.61
	半阴坡	0.59	0.57	0.57	0.57	0.52
	阳坡	0.58	0.57	0.58	0.59	0.53
	半阳坡	0.55	0.58	0.59	0.61	0.62

类型	分级	C_{v裸露砒砂岩区}/%	C_{v覆沙砒砂岩区}/%	C_{v覆土砒砂岩区}/%	C_vMean/%
高程	≤1000 m	-	-6.8	0.4	0.1
	1000~1100 m	13.8	0.3	0.4	0.3
	1100~1200 m	-4.9	-0.2	-1.0	-0.8
	1200~1300 m	-1.1	-4.0	-2.3	-1.7
	1300~1400 m	-0.2	-2.1	-3.1	-0.1
	1400~1500 m	-0.4	-3.9	-2.2	-2.0
	>1500 m	0.7	-4.4	-	-1.8
坡度	≤2°	-4.0	-1.4	2.5	0.1
	2°~6°	0.2	-3.4	-0.7	-0.3
	6°~15°	2.9	-1.2	-1.5	0.6
	15°~25°	2.9	-4.2	-1.0	-1.4
	>25°	-	23.3	1.7	1.9

砒砂岩区类型	坡度	坡向	植被覆盖度	地上生物量 /（g·m^-2）
覆土砒砂岩区高程1100~1200 m	<2°	阴坡	0.75	223.74
		半阴坡	0.76	224.62
		阳坡	0.762	225.69
		半阳坡	0.76	225.49
	2°~25°	阴坡	0.73	220.16
		半阴坡	0.72	218.23
		阳坡	0.73	219.20
		半阳坡	0.72	217.02
	>25°	阴坡	0.69	224.30
		半阴坡	0.66	199.87
		阳坡	0.73	219.45
		半阳坡	0.67	195.55
覆沙砒砂岩区高程1000~1200 m	<15°	阴坡	0.71	214.28
		半阴坡	0.75	223.21
		阳坡	0.75	223.02
		半阳坡	0.76	226.73
	15°~25°	阴坡	0.72	216.65
		半阴坡	0.71	213.18
		阳坡	0.53	210.48
		半阳坡	0.70	211.91
	>25°	阴坡	0.62	194.65
		半阴坡	0.55	179.45
		阳坡	0.74	220.54
		半阳坡	0.37	155.54
裸露砒砂岩区高程1000~1200 m	<15°	阴坡	0.80	234.28
		半阴坡	0.80	234.05
		阳坡	0.73	219.27
		半阳坡	0.77	226.33
	15°~25°	阴坡	0.71	213.93
		半阴坡	0.61	193.13
		阳坡	0.61	192.98
		半阳坡	0.65	200.29
	>25°	阴坡	-	-
		半阴坡	-	-
		阳坡	-	-
		半阳坡	-	-

砒砂岩区类型	面积 /10³ m²	总地上生物量 /10⁹ g	单位面积可承载地上生物量/（10⁶g·m^-2）
覆土砒砂岩区	8419.35	1859.89	0.22
覆沙砒砂岩区	3798.43	778.68	0.21
裸露砒砂岩区	4607.66	804.95	0.17
合计	16825.43	3443.52	0.20

砒砂岩区类型	面积 /10³ m²	地上生物量承载 /10⁹ g	地上生物量现状/10⁹ g	占比/%
覆土砒砂岩区	8419.35	1859.89	1565.46	84.2
覆沙砒砂岩区	3798.43	778.68	629.66	80.9
裸露砒砂岩区	4607.66	804.95	605.62	75.2
合计	16825.43	3443.52	2800.74	81.3