基于土地利用覆被变化（LUCC）的人类活动与流域生物多样性灰色关联分析

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2021.06.30

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以黄土高原中部的泾河流域为研究区,通过采用结合InVEST（Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs）模型生境质量与植被覆盖度的综合方法,分析植物多样性在栅格尺度上的时空变化,并结合灰色关联分析方法,分析植物多样性与土地利用强度、人口密度等因子的关联关系。结果表明：（1）泾河流域植物多样性处于中等水平（BS>0.53）,空间格局变化明显。2000—2015年,流域内植物多样性平均值从0.5382增加到0.5951,其中,植物多样性高值区域占总面积的22.1%,主要分布在山地、国家自然保护区和林业地区,植物多样性低值区占总面积的5.99%,主要分布在城区及北部植被覆盖低区域。（2）土地利用强度是流域植物多样性的主要影响因素,其次太阳辐射和人口密度也会造成较大影响,此外还受其他因素的共同作用。

关键词: 生物多样性, LUCC, 植被覆盖度, 灰色关联度, 泾河流域

Abstract:

Studies on the relationship between human activities and biodiversity in the Loess Plateau can provide a scientific basis for ecological restoration and biodiversity conservation. For example, in the Jinghe River Basin in the middle part of the Loess Plateau, biodiversity is rich, but problems such as a fragile ecological environment exist. Although studies have been addressing such issues, effective methods for assessing medium-or large-scale biodiversity changes are lacking because of insufficient basic data and coexistence of multiple habitat types. In this study, a comprehensive method combining a model of Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs on habitat quality and vegetation coverage was used to analyze the spatiotemporal changes in plant diversity on a grid scale. Gray correlation analysis was also performed to analyze the relationship of plant diversity, land use intensity, population density, and other factors. Results show that (1) the level of plant diversity in the Jinghe River Basin was moderate (BS>0.53), and the spatial pattern changed significantly. The average plant diversity in the basin increased from 0.5382 in 2000 to 0.5951 in 2015. Areas with a high plant diversity accounted for 22.1% of the total area, and they were mainly distributed in mountainous areas, national nature reserves, and forestry areas. By comparison, areas with a low plant diversity accounted for 5.99% of the total area, and they were mostly distributed in urban areas and areas with low vegetation coverage in the north of the basin. (2) Plant diversity is influenced by many factors, but it is mainly affected by land use intensity, followed by solar radiation and population density. This study can provide additional information about the basin and a basis for developing biodiversity conservation policies and managing human activities.

Key words: biodiversity, LUCC, vegetation coverage, grey relational degree, Jinghe River Basin

孙彦旭,周自翔,米朝娟. 基于土地利用覆被变化（LUCC）的人类活动与流域生物多样性灰色关联分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(6): 1782-1792.

SUN Yanxu,ZHOU Zixiang,MI Zhaojuan. Grey correlation analysis of human activities and watershed biodiversity based on land use and cover change[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(6): 1782-1792.

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胁迫因子	最大影响距离	权重	距离递减速率
水田	4	0.7	线性
耕地	4	0.7	线性
城镇建筑	8	1	指数
农村建筑	6	0.8	指数
工业用地	7	0.8	指数

土地利用类型	生境适宜性	胁迫因子
土地利用类型	生境适宜性	水田	耕地	建筑用地
有林地	0.9	0.7	0.7	0.8
灌木林	0.85	0.7	0.7	0.8
疏林地	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.8
其他林地	0.8	0.6	0.6	0.75
高草地	0.7	0.6	0.5	0.75
中草地	0.7	0.6	0.55	0.75
低草地	0.5	0.35	0.35	0.5
水域(河渠	0.8	0.65	0.65	0.7
水域（湖泊）	0.8	0.65	0.65	0.7
水域（水塘）	0.8	0.5	0.5	0.7
水域（滩地）	0.8	0.65	0.65	0.7
水田	0.5	0.25	0.3	0.45
耕地	0.45	0.3	0.3	0.5
建筑（城镇用地）	0	0	0	0
建筑（农村居民点）	0	0	0	0
建筑（工矿用地)	0	0	0	0
未利用地	0	0	0	0

	2000年	2005年	2010年	2015年
耕地	43.685	42.878	42.696	42.329
林地	10.056	10.872	10.960	10.949
草地	44.140	43.931	43.994	44.057
水域	0.463	0.463	0.459	0.461
建筑用地	1.637	1.831	1.865	2.143
未利用地	0.018	0.025	0.027	0.061

	耕地	林地	草地	水域	建筑用地	未利用地
耕地	18796	149	266	10	191	11
林地	4	4442	14	0	10	1
草地	20	276	19296	4	22	7
水域	0	1	9	191	5	0
建筑用地	0	0	3	0	725	0
未利用地	0	0	0	0	0	8

	稀疏	较稀疏	中度	较茂盛	茂盛
2000年	6.89	33.81	33.73	13.27	12.31
2005年	6.14	21.85	31.33	25.77	14.91
2010年	6.6	21.78	28.53	27.29	15.80
2015年	8.31	12.27	25.58	32.03	21.82