覆膜滴灌棉田地膜残留量对棉花生长的影响

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2021.02.29

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了阐明覆膜滴灌棉田地膜残留对棉花生长的影响,结合绿洲覆膜滴灌棉田残膜累积特点,设计对应覆膜年限为5 a、10 a、15 a、20 a、25 a、30 a共6个不同残膜累积梯度,利用桶栽试验,分析了不同覆膜年限棉田中残膜累积对棉花生长和产量的影响。结果表明：残膜对棉花地上部株高和叶面积影响显著,随残膜量的增加株高和叶面积逐渐降低,当覆膜滴灌20 a时各时期株高和叶面积均显著减小。覆膜滴灌20 a时残膜量的增加开始显著降低棉花地下部根系指标,与CK相比,覆膜滴灌20 a的根长密度降低8.2%,根表面积密度降低10%,根体积降低7.2%,根系直径降低19.4%。残膜量与棉花干物质积累量和产量呈显著负相关,覆膜滴灌20 a后相比于CK,地上部干物质量降低20.3%,根部干物质量降低38.4%;棉花产量相比新疆近5 a地区平均单位面积产量降低10.96%。残膜量的增加对棉花的正常生长影响显著,当覆膜滴灌年限达到15~20 a时,棉花的生长与根系指标和产量显著降低。研究结果可为新疆滴灌棉田可持续发展提供理论依据。

关键词: 覆膜滴灌, 残膜, 棉花, 根系, 产量

Abstract:

To clarify the influence of film residue on cotton growth in a field with film mulching under drip irrigation, we assessed the characteristics of residual film accumulation in an oasis drip irrigation cotton field. The design corresponds to 5 a, 10 a, 15 a, 20 a, 25 a, 30 a; a gradient of six residual film accumulations using a barrel-planting experiment. We analyzed the influence of residual film accumulation in cotton fields with different mulching years on cotton growth and yield. The residual film significantly affected cotton plant height and leaf area, which gradually decreased as the residual film amount increased. The plant height and leaf area were significantly reduced at each stage when the film was covered with drip irrigation for 20 years. Additionally, increases in the amount of residual film in drip irrigation for 20 years significantly reduced the cotton root index. Compared with the control treatment without residual film, the root length density in drip irrigation 20 a was reduced by 8.2%, the root surface area density was reduced by 10%, the root volume was reduced by 7.2%, and the root diameter decreased by 19.4%. The amount of residual film was significantly negatively correlated with cotton dry matter accumulation and yield. After 15 years of drip irrigation with film mulching, the cotton yield was lower than the average yield per unit area in Xinjiang in the past five years. After 20 years of drip irrigation with film mulching, the above-ground dry matter quality decreased by 20.3%, the root dry matter quality was reduced by 38.4%, and the output was 10.96% lower than the average output per unit area in Xinjiang in the past five years. In summary, increased amounts of residual film significantly impact the normal growth of cotton. When drip irrigation with film mulching continues for 15-20 years, yield, growth, and root indices of cotton are significantly reduced. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the sustainable development of drip irrigation cotton fields in Xinjiang.

Key words: mulch drip irrigation, residual film, cotton, root system, yield

朱金儒,李文昊,王振华,宗睿,王天宇. 覆膜滴灌棉田地膜残留量对棉花生长的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(2): 570-579.

ZHU Jinru,LI Wenhao,WANG Zhenhua,ZONG Rui,WANG Tianyu. Effect of film mulching residue on cotton growth in drip irrigation cotton field[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(2): 570-579.

图/表 12

图1

表1

表2

表3

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

表4

参考文献 34

[1]	杨书运, 江昌俊. 稻草和地膜覆盖对冬季茶园保温增温作用的研究[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2010,18(2):327-333.
	[ Yang Shuyun, Jiang Changjun. Effect of straw and plastic film mulching on warming and insulation of tea plantation in winter[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2010,18(2):327-333. ]
[2]	Jiang X J, Liu W J, Wang E H, et al. Residual plastic mulch fragments effects on soil physical properties and water flow behavior in the Minqin Oasis, northwestern China[J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2017,166:100-107.
[3]	许香春, 王朝云. 国内外地膜覆盖栽培现状及展望[J]. 中国麻业, 2006(1):6-11.
	[ Xu Xiangchun, Wang Chaoyun. The status and development trend of cultivation mulch film at home and abroad[J]. Plant Fibers and Products, 2006(1):6-11. ]
[4]	董倩倩, 范文波, 许忠宇, 等. 滴灌水量和土壤温度对桶栽棉花土壤剖面CO₂浓度影响的试验研究[J]. 干旱区研究, 2020,37(3):636-644.
	[ Dong Qianqian, Fan Wenbo, Xu Zhongning, et al. Experimental study on the effect of drip irrigation water volume and soil temperature on CO₂ concentration in the soil profile of barrel-planted cotton[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2020,37(3):636-644. ]
[5]	严昌荣, 梅旭荣, 何文清, 等. 农用地膜残留污染的现状与防治[J]. 农业工程学报, 2006,22(11):269-272.
	[ Yan Changrong, Mei Xurong, He Wenqing, et al. Present situation of residue pollution of mulching plastic film and controlling measures[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2006,22(11):269-272. ]
[6]	刘建国, 李彦斌, 张伟, 等. 绿洲棉田长期连作下残膜分布及对棉花生长的影响[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2010,29(2):246-250.
	[ Liu Jianguo, Li Yanbin, Zhang Wei, et al. The distributing of the residue film and influence on cotton growth under continuous cropping in oasis of Xinjiang[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2010,29(2):246-250. ]
[7]	Zhang D, Liu H B, Hu W L, et al. The status and distribution characteristics of residual mulching film in Xinjiang, China[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2016,15(11):2639-2646.
[8]	He H J, Wang Z H, Guo L, et al. Distribution characteristics of residual film over a cotton field under long-term film mulching and drip irrigation in an oasis agroecosystem[J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2018,180:194-203.
[9]	董合干, 王栋, 王迎涛, 等. 新疆石河子地区棉田地膜残留的时空分布特征[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2013,27(9):182-186.
	[ Dong Hegan, Wang Dong, Wang Yintao, et al. Spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of mulch residues in cotton field in Shihezi, Xinjiang[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2013,27(9):182-186. ]
[10]	严昌荣, 王序俭, 何文清, 等. 新疆石河子地区棉田土壤中地膜残留研究[J]. 生态学报, 2008,28(7):3470-3474.
	[ Yan Changrong, Wang Xujian, He Wenqing, et al. The residue of plastic film in cotton fields in Shihezi, Xinjiang[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2008,28(7):3470-3474. ]
[11]	王志超, 李仙岳, 史海滨, 等. 农膜残留对土壤水动力参数及土壤结构的影响[J]. 农业机械学报, 2015,46(5):101-106.
	[ Wang Zhichao, Li Xianyue, Shi Haibin, et al. Effects of residual plastic film on soil hydrodynamic parameters and soil structure[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2015,46(5):101-106. ]
[12]	周明冬, 韩咏香, 秦晓辉. 农田残膜对棉花生长发育的影响[J]. 现代农村科技, 2014(1):60.
	[ Zhou Mingdong, Han Yongxiang, Qin Xiaohui. Effect of residual plastic film on cotton growth and development[J]. Xian Dai Nong Cun Ke Ji, 2014(1):60. ]
[13]	牛文全, 邹小阳, 刘晶晶, 等. 残膜对土壤水分入渗和蒸发的影响及不确定性分析[J]. 农业工程学报, 2016,32(14):110-119.
	[ Niu Wenquan, Zou Xiaoyang, Liu Jingjing, et al. Effects of residual plastic film mixed in soil on water infiltration, evaporation and its uncertainty analysis[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2016,32(14):110-119. ]
[14]	Chen Y S, Wu C F, Zhang H B, et al. Empirical estimation of pollution load and contamination levels of phthalate esters in agricultural soils from plastic film mulching in China[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2013,70(1):239-247.
[15]	王频. 残膜污染治理的对策和措施[J]. 农业工程学报, 1998,14(3):190-193.
	[ Wang Pin. Measures to reduce the pollution of residual of mulch ng plastic film in farm land[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 1998,14(3):190-193. ]
[16]	魏迎春, 唐琳. 农用地膜对土壤的污染及其防治探讨[J]. 西藏农业科技, 2010,32(1):39-41, 48.
	[ Wei Yingchun, Tang Lin. The pollution situation of mulching plastic and controlling method[J]. Tibet Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2010,32(1):39-41, 48. ]
[17]	南殿杰, 解红娥, 高两省, 等. 棉田残留地膜对土壤理化性状及棉花生长发育影响的研究[J]. 棉花学报, 1996,8(1):50-54.
	[ Nan Dianjie, Xie Honge, Gao Liangsheng, et al. Study of the influence of the residue film on soil and cotton growth in the cotton fields[J]. Cotton Science, 1996,8(1):50-54. ]
[18]	高玉山, 孙云云, 窦金刚, 等. 残膜对玉米出苗及根系伸长的研究[J]. 吉林农业科学, 2013,38(6):22-24.
	[ Gao Yushan, Sun Yunyun, Dou Jingang, et al. Effects of plastic film residue on emergence and root growth of corn seedlings[J]. Journal of Jilin Agricultural Sciences, 2013,38(6):22-24. ]
[19]	辛静静, 史海滨, 李仙岳, 等. 残留地膜对玉米生长发育和产量影响研究[J]. 灌溉排水学报, 2014,33(3):52-54.
	[ Xin Jingjing, Shi Haibin, Li Xianyue, et al. Effects of plastic film residue on growth and yield of Maize[J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 2014,33(3):52-54. ]
[20]	刘志锋. 浅谈残膜污染对棉花生长的影响及应对措施[J]. 石河子科技, 2009(6):21-22.
	[ Liu Zhifeng. Introduction the pollution of the residue film impact on cotton growth and response[J]. Shihezi Science and Technology, 2009(6):21-22. ]
[21]	林涛, 汤秋香, 郝卫平, 等. 地膜残留量对棉田土壤水分分布及棉花根系构型的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2019,35(19):117-125.
	[ Lin Tao, Tang Qiuxiang, Hao Weiping, et al. Effects of plastic film residue rate on root zone water environment and root distribution of cotton under drip irrigation condition[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2019,35(19):117-125. ]
[22]	董合干, 刘彤, 李勇冠, 等. 新疆棉田地膜残留对棉花产量及土壤理化性质的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2013,29(8):91-99.
	[ Dong Hegan, Liu Tong, Li Yongguan, et al. Effects of plastic film residue on cotton yield and soil physical and chemical properties in Xinjiang[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2013,29(8):91-99. ]
[23]	李青军, 危常州, 雷咏雯, 等. 白色污染对棉花根系生长发育的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2008,45(5):769-775.
	[ Li Qingjun, Wei Changzhou, Lei Yongwen, et al. Influence of white pollution on root growth of cotton[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2008,45(5):769-775. ]
[24]	Gao H H, Yan C R, Liu Q, et al. Effects of plastic mulching and plastic residue on agricultural production: A meta-analysis[J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2019,651:484-492.
[25]	贺怀杰, 王振华, 郑旭荣, 等. 典型绿洲区长期膜下滴灌棉田残膜分布现状研究[J]. 灌溉排水学报, 2019,38(2):63-69.
	[ He Huaijie, Wang Zhenhua, Zheng Xurong, et al. Distribution of size and quantity of film residuals in cotton fields under film-mulched drip irrigation in oasis region[J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 2019,38(2):63-69. ]
[26]	刘雪艳, 丁邦新, 白云岗, 等. 微咸水膜下滴灌对土壤盐分及棉花产量的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2020,37(2):410-417.
	[ Liu Xueyan, Ding Bangxin, Bai Yungang, et al. Effects of drip irrigation under a brackish water film with respect to the soil salinity and cotton yield[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2020,37(2):410-417. ]
[27]	解红娥, 李永山, 杨淑巧, 等. 农田残膜对土壤环境及作物生长发育的影响研究[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2007,26(增刊):153-156.
	[ Xie Honge, Li Yongshan, Yang Shuqiao, et al. Influence of residual plastic film on soil structure, crop growth and development in fields[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2007,26(Suppl. ): 153-156. ]
[28]	李元桥, 何文清, 严昌荣, 等. 残留地膜对棉花和玉米苗期根系形态和生理特性的影响[J]. 农业资源与环境学报, 2017,34(2):108-114.
	[ Li Yuanqiao, He Wenqing, Yan Changrong, et al. Effects of agricultural plastic residual films on morphologic and physiological characteristics of root system of cotton and Maize in seedling stage[J]. Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment, 2017,34(2):108-114. ]
[29]	姜益娟, 郑德明, 朱朝阳. 残膜对棉花生长发育及产量的影响[J]. 农业环境保护, 2001(3):177-179.
	[ Jiang Yijuan, Zheng Deming, Zhu Chaoyang. Effects of remnant plastic film in soil on growth and yield of cotton[J]. Agro-environmental Protection, 2001(3):177-179. ]
[30]	赵素荣, 张书荣, 徐霞, 等. 农膜残留污染研究[J]. 农业环境与发展, 1998(3):8-11.
	[ Zhao Surong, Zhang Shurong, Xu Xia, et al. Study on the situation of residue pollution of mulching plastic film[J]. Agricultural Environment and Development, 1998(3):8-11. ]
[31]	毕继业, 王秀芬, 朱道林. 地膜覆盖对农作物产量的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2008,16(11):172-175.
	[ Bi Jiye, Wang Xiufen, Zhu Daolin. Effect of plastic film mulch on crop yield[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2008,16(11):172-175. ]
[32]	祖米来提·吐尔干, 林涛, 王亮, 等. 地膜残留对连作棉田土壤氮素、根系形态及产量形成的影响[J]. 棉花学报, 2017,29(4):374-384.
	[ Zumilaiti Tuergan, Lin Tao, Wang Liang, et al. Effects of plastic film residues on soil nitrogen content, root distribution, and cotton yield during the long-term continuous cropping of cotton[J]. Cotton Science, 2017,29(4):374-384. ]
[33]	邹小阳, 牛文全, 刘晶晶, 等. 残膜对番茄苗期和开花坐果期生长的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2016,24(12):1643-1654.
	[ Zou Xiaoyang, Niu Wenquan, Liu Jingjing, et al. Effect of residual plastic film on growth of tomato at seedling and blooming and fruit-setting stages[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2016,24(12):1643-1654. ]
[34]	武宗信, 解红娥, 任平合, 等. 残留地膜对土壤污染及棉花生长发育的影响[J]. 山西农业科学, 1995(3):27-30.
	[ Wu Zongxin, Xie Honge, Ren Pinghe, et al. Contamination of film-remnant to the soil and its effect on the cotton growth and development[J]. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences, 1995(3):27-30. ]

处理	CK	T1	T2	T3	T4	T5	T6
覆膜滴灌年限/a	0	5	10	15	20	25	30
残膜量/(kg·hm^-2)	0	146.18	228.03	309.88	391.73	473.58	555.43

土层深度/cm	全氮/(g·kg^-1)	全磷/(g·kg^-1)	全钾/(g·kg^-1)	速效磷/(g·kg^-1)	速效钾/(g·kg^-1)	田间持水率/(g·kg^-1)
0~20	0.76	0.96	7.8	30.54	422.68	20.11
20~40	0.88	0.93	8.2	28.6	410.21	17.9

生育期	灌水处理		施肥处理
生育期	灌水量/mm	灌水次数	CO(NH₂)₂ /(kg·hm^-2)	KH₂PO₄ /(kg·hm^-2)	施肥次数
播种-出苗	30	1	-	-	-
苗期	30	1	30	15	1
蕾期	75	2	90	45	2
花铃期	200	5	450	225	5
吐絮期	65	2	30	15	1
全生育期	400	11	600	300	9

处理	残膜量 /(kg·hm^-2)	棉花地上部干物质量 /(g·株^-1)	根部干物质量 /(g·株^-1)	产量 /(kg·hm^-2)
CK	0	52.38±2.52a	15.71±2.12a	2368.93a
T1	146.18	51.43±2.20a	14.73±1.28 a	2325.41ab
T2	228.03	48.65±1.92ab	14.19±1.45a	2388.07a
T3	309.88	45.87±1.58bc	13.08±0.86ab	2153.58b
T4	391.73	44.30±1.80cd	11.35±0.92bc	1783.27c
T5	473.58	43.14±1.52cd	10.74±0.73bc	1593.05d
T6	555.43	40.17±1.83d	9.60±0.80c	1510.50d