黄土高原高速公路边坡草本群落植被特征及其与土壤的关系

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2024.05.07

Abstract

Abstract:

This study examined the vegetation characteristics and species diversity of mixed herb communities in different years on the slope of expressway in the Loess Plateau, and explored the relationship between herb community characteristics, species diversity, and soil physical and chemical properties. The characteristics of herb communities, α species diversity, and their correlation with soil physical and chemical properties were studied using the Mantel test after 15 a, 12 a, 8 a, 4 a, and 2 a of restoration of herb communities on the highway slope of the Loess Plateau by space instead of time. In total, 13 species of 13 genera in 8 families were investigated in 15 a of slope restoration, 10 species of 10 genera in 7 families were investigated in 12 a of restoration, 5 species of 5 genera in 3 families were investigated in 8 years of restoration, 5 species of 5 genera in 3 families were investigated in 4 a of restoration, and 6 species of 6 genera in 4 families were investigated in 2 a of restoration. Patric species richness recovered in the order 15 a>12 a>8 a>2 a>4 a, the Shannon-Wiener and Simpson indices recovered in the order 15 a>12 a>2 a>8 a>4 a, and the Pielou evenness index recovered in the order 15 a>2 a>8 a>12 a>4 a. Patric species richness was significantly positively correlated with total porosity and capillary porosity, organic matter, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus (P<0.05), and the Shannon-Wiener index was significantly positively correlated with organic matter and total phosphorus (P<0.05). After spraying mixed grass species in different years on the slope, the herb communities mostly contained perennials, but there were differences in species composition and quantity of the community. The species richness, Shannon-Wiener index, and Simpson index of patric species showed an upward trend as the number of restoration years increased. Soil total porosity, capillary porosity, organic matter, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus were the key environmental factors affecting patric species richness and the Shannon-Wiener index.

Key words: Loess Plateau highway slope, prata, vegetation characteristics, soil

MAO Guangrui, ZHAO Jinmei, ZHU Gong, CUI Haiming, LIU Wanzhi. Vegetation characteristics of herb communities on highway slopes of the Loess Plateau and their relationship with soil[J].Arid Zone Research, 2024, 41(5): 788-796.

Figures/Tables 6

Tab. 1

Tab. 2

Tab. 3

Species and life forms of herbaceous communities of different ages"

恢复年限	科	属	种	生活型
15 a	豆科（Fabaceae）	苜蓿属（Medicago）	紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）	多年生草本
	禾本科（Gramineae）	冰草属（Agropyron）	冰草（Agropyron cristatum）	多年生草本
		黑麦草属（Lolium）	黑麦草（Lolium perenne）	多年生草本
		臭草属（Melica）	甘肃臭草（Melica przewalskyi）	多年生草本
	夹竹桃科（Apocynaceae）	鹅绒藤属（Cynanchum）	鹅绒藤（Cynanchum chinense）	多年生草本
	菊科（Asteraceae）	莴苣属（Lactuca）	山莴苣（Lactuca sibirica）	多年生草本
		鬼针草属（Bidens）	鬼针草（Bidens pilosa）	一年生草本
		蒿属（Artemisia）	白莲蒿（Artemisia gmelinii）	多年生草本
	茜草科（Rubiaceae）	拉拉藤属（Galium）	拉拉藤（Galium spurium）	多年生草本
	伞形科（Apiaceae）	防风属（Saposhnikovia）	防风（Saposhnikovia divaricata）	多年生草本
	苋科（Amaranthaceae）	红叶藜属（Oxybasis）	灰绿藜（Oxybasis glauca）	一年生草本
	旋花科（Convolvulaceae）	菟丝子属（Cuscuta）	菟丝子（Cuscuta chinensis）	一年生草本
		虎掌藤属（Ipomoea pes-tigridis）	牵牛（Ipomoea nil）	一年生草本
12 a	禾本科（Gramineae）	黑麦草属（Lolium）	黑麦草（Lolium perenne）	多年生草本
		臭草属（Melica）	甘肃臭草（Melica przewalskyi）	多年生草本
	菊科（Asteraceae）	紫菀属（Aster）	狗娃花（Aster hispidus）	一或二年生草本
		泥胡菜属（Hemisteptia）	泥胡菜（Hemisteptia lyrata）	一年生草本
	木樨科（Oleaceae）	探春花属（Chrysojasminum）	探春花（Chrysojasminum floridum）	二年生草本
	茜草科（Rubiaceae）	拉拉藤属（Galium）	拉拉藤（Galium spurium）	多年生草本
	伞形科（Apiaceae）	防风属（Saposhnikovia）	防风（Saposhnikovia divaricata）	多年生草本
	苋科（Amaranthaceae）	猪毛菜属（Salsola）	猪毛菜（Salsola collina）	一年生草本
	旋花科（Convolvulaceae）	菟丝子属（Cuscuta）	菟丝子（Cuscuta chinensis）	一年生草本
		虎掌藤属（Ipomoea pes-tigridis）	牵牛（Ipomoea nil）	一年生草本
8 a	豆科（Fabaceae）	苜蓿属（Medicago）	紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）	多年生草本
		草木樨属（Melilotus）	草木樨（Melilotus suaveolens）	二年生草本
	禾本科（Gramineae）	冰草属（Agropyron）	冰草（Agropyron cristatum）	多年生草本
		臭草属（Melica）	甘肃臭草（Melica przewalskyi）	多年生草本
	菊科（Asteraceae）	莴苣属（Lactuca）	山莴苣（Lactuca sibirica）	多年生草本
4 a	豆科（Fabaceae）	苜蓿属（Medicago）	紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）	多年生草本
	禾本科（Gramineae）	冰草属（Agropyron）	冰草（Agropyron cristatum）	多年生草本
		黑麦草属（Lolium）	黑麦草（Lolium perenne）	多年生草本
	菊科（Asteraceae）	紫菀属（Aster）	狗娃花（Aster hispidus）	一或二年生草本
		泥胡菜属（Hemisteptia）	泥胡菜（Hemisteptia lyrata）	一年生草本
2 a	豆科（Fabaceae）	苜蓿属（Medicago）	紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）	多年生草本
	禾本科（Gramineae）	冰草属（Agropyron）	冰草（Agropyron cristatum）	多年生草本
		黑麦草属（Lolium）	黑麦草（Lolium perenne）	多年生草本
		臭草属（Melica）	甘肃臭草（Melica przewalskyi）	多年生草本
	菊科（Asteraceae）	秋英属（Cosmos）	秋英（Cosmos bipinnatus）	一年生或多年生草本
	苋科（Amaranthaceae）	猪毛菜属（Salsola）	猪毛菜（Salsola collina）	一年生草本

Tab. 3

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

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恢复年限	平均海拔/m	平均坡度/(°)	坡向	草本群落
恢复年限	平均海拔/m	平均坡度/(°)	坡向	平均高度/cm	平均盖度/%
15 a	1663.74	45	WS	73.56	95.84
12 a	1563.79	47	WS	59.77	88.33
8 a	1708.19	50	WS	74.08	89.33
4 a	1735.09	55	WS	49.32	81.45
2 a	1596.04	49	WS	48.89	87.23

指标	恢复年限
指标	15 a	12 a	8 a	4 a	2 a
含水率/%	6.89±0.18ab	7.22±0.29a	7.14±0.05a	7.07±1.321ab	5.90±0.30b
容重/（g·cm^-3）	1.27±0.09b	1.30±0.05ab	1.27±0.06b	1.29±0.021b	1.39±0.02a
总孔隙度/%	53.10±1.60a	51.44±3.75a	50.44±0.84a	50.06±2.18a	49.12±0.57a
毛管孔隙度/%	43.75±0.59a	42.71±0.54ab	42.30±0.42b	41.75±0.71b	41.62±0.59b
非毛管孔隙度/%	9.35±2.09a	8.73±3.57a	8.14±0.43a	8.31±2.86a	7.50±0.72a
紧实度/（kg·cm^-2）	18.71±3.12b	19.28±0.99b	23.22±4.04b	24.83±0.54b	35.17±9.80a
有机质/%	7.45±0.42a	7.26±0.86ab	7.06±0.29ab	6.54±1.17ab	5.85±0.57b
全氮/%	0.10±0.02a	0.09±0.01ab	0.09±0.01ab	0.07±0.02b	0.07±0.01b
全磷/%	0.09±0.02a	0.09±0.03a	0.08±0.02a	0.07±0.01a	0.07±0.01a
全钾/%	0.67±0.15a	0.64±0.07a	0.60±0.08a	0.59±0.05a	0.53±0.08a
速效磷/（mg·kg^-1）	25.42±3.47a	20.89±1.81b	18.52±0.95bc	15.34±0.91c	15.30±1.00c
速效钾/（mg·kg^-1）	148.33±10.50a	142.99±14.74ab	140.67±7.64ab	129.88±3.01b	126.00±3.00b
硝态氮/（mg·kg^-1）	18.16±2.04a	17.34±2.15ab	16.60±1.55ab	15.00±1.86ab	14.47±0.45b
铵态氮/（mg·kg^-1）	14.29±1.43a	13.67±1.72a	13.52±0.96a	12.31±2.11ab	10.48±1.14b

Vegetation characteristics of herb communities on highway slopes of the Loess Plateau and their relationship with soil

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