轻度放牧和禁牧草地土壤物理力学性质特征——以夏藏滩滑坡区为例

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2024.08.10

Abstract

Abstract:

To determine the effects of light grazing and grazing prohibition on the physical and mechanical properties of grassland soil in the landslide distribution area of the upper reaches of the Yellow River, the Xiazangtan landslide distribution area in the upper reaches of the Yellow River was selected as the study area. The plant growth and physical and mechanical properties of soil in different slope directions of lightly grazed grassland and grazing-prohibited grassland were compared and analyzed by conducting a field investigation, sampling, and testing the indoor soil physical and mechanical properties. The effects of light grazing and grazing prohibition on plant growth and soil physical and mechanical properties of slope in landslide distribution area were discussed. The results showed that the number of plant species, average cover, and average plant height in the grazing-prohibited grassland were higher than that in the lightly grazed grassland, and increased by 65.1%, 62.8%, and 13.6%, respectively. With the increase in soil depth, the soil density of the two types of grassland showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing, soil water content and root dry weight density followed a decreasing trend, soil cohesion showed a “V”-type change, and the soil physical and mechanical properties of the same type of grassland with different soil depth were significantly different (P<0.05). The soil density, soil moisture content, root dry weight density, and soil cohesion of the two types of grassland followed an increasing trend from the top to the bottom of the slope. In the same slope direction, the soil density of lightly grazed grassland was significantly higher than that of grazing-prohibited grassland (P<0.05), whereas the soil moisture content, root dry weight density, and soil cohesion of grazing-prohibited grassland were significantly higher than those of lightly grazed grassland (P<0.05). The soil internal friction angle did not show a significant pattern of change in response to the soil depth and slope position, and there was no significant difference between the two types of grassland in the same slope direction. Soil cohesion was positively correlated with soil moisture content and soil density and soil cohesion was significant positively correlated with root dry weight density (P<0.05) in two types of grasslands. Therefore, grazing prohibition is beneficial for the restoration of degraded grasslands, the improvement of plant community structure, and inhibits soil erosion. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the effective prevention and control of secondary geological disasters, such as soil erosion and shallow landslides, on riverbank slopes in the study area.

Key words: Xiazangtan landslide, herbs, soil, shear strength, upper Yellow River

ZHANG Peihao, XING Guangyan, ZHAO Jimei, LIU Changyi, HU Xiasong. Soil physical and mechanical properties of lightly grazed and prohibited grasslands: A case study of Xiazangtan landslide area[J].Arid Zone Research, 2024, 41(8): 1364-1372.

Figures/Tables 7

Tab.1

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Tab. 2

Tab. 3

Soil physical properties lightly grazing grassland and forbidden grazing grassland"

草地类型	取样位置	取样深度/cm	含水率/%	土壤密度/（g·cm^-3）	根系干重密度/（mg·cm^-3）
轻度放牧草地	阳坡坡顶	0~10	8.11±0.256	1.19±0.013	22.17±4.45
		10~20	7.80±0.313	1.16±0.022	18.83±8.32
		20~30	7.11±0.255	1.20±0.037	10.17±5.54
	阳坡坡中	0~10	8.86±0.162	1.22±0.056	25.17±2.36
		10~20	8.02±0.125	1.13±0.047	23.00±3.44
		20~30	7.64±0.431	1.25±0.024	20.50±8.46
	阳坡坡底	0~10	10.61±0.556	1.32±0.027	37.17±6.66
		10~20	8.56±1.035	1.22±0.037	30.33±4.37
		20~30	7.81±0.216	1.41±0.027	27.00±5.54
	阴坡坡顶	0~10	9.12±0.147	1.15±0.036	27.67±10.69
		10~20	8.21±0.335	1.11±0.044	23.67±2.34
		20~30	6.56±0.345	1.19±0.022	19.67±3.45
	阴坡坡中	0~10	9.79±0.551	1.19±0.024	38.50±4.31
		10~20	8.66±0.347	1.06±0.058	32.83±8.36
		20~30	7.12±0.249	1.23±0.034	22.00±2.34
	阴坡坡底	0~10	11.32±0.146	1.23±0.014	44.50±5.43
		10~20	9.42±0.138	1.15±0.052	36.00±4.96
		20~30	8.47±0.114	1.26±0.035	33.17±7.32
禁牧草地	阳坡坡顶	0~10	11.38±0.212	1.09±0.023	27.67±3.51
		10~20	11.04±0.750	1.01±0.025	22.67±4.64
		20~30	10.48±0.132	1.12±0.033	19.33±2.38
	阳坡坡中	0~10	12.95±0.314	1.12±0.066	39.00±2.55
		10~20	12.37±0.170	1.06±0.051	35.33±4.36
		20~30	10.82±0.221	1.16±0.102	24.17±6.67
	阳坡坡底	0~10	14.82±0.380	1.14±0.030	52.00±3.36
		10~20	12.52±0.460	1.09±0.034	39.17±6.55
		20~30	11.76±0.135	1.18±0.017	31.17±4.23
	阴坡坡顶	0~10	12.47±0.201	1.01±0.028	38.50±4.31
		10~20	12.28±0.146	0.82±0.056	28.50±2.37
		20~30	11.23±0.384	1.16±0.026	25.33±10.66
	阴坡坡中	0~10	13.47±0.147	1.06±0.037	52.83±4.38
		10~20	12.86±0.136	0.99±0.015	45.50±10.36
		20~30	12.13±0.178	1.11±0.102	27.67±4.78
	阴坡坡底	0~10	15.24±0.960	1.09±0.086	61.50±8.69
		10~20	13.31±0.366	1.03±0.078	57.00±9.53
		20~30	12.86±0.241	1.14±0.010	46.33±6.99

Tab. 3

Fig. 3

Tab. 4

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边坡类型		坡向/（°）	坡度/（°）	坡长/m
轻度放牧草地	阳坡	128	22.7	127.3
轻度放牧草地	阴坡	276	23.7	130.6
禁牧草地	阳坡	119	28.3	137.7
禁牧草地	阴坡	291	22.0	143.1

草地类型	取样点位置	覆盖度/%	平均覆盖度/%	植物种类数	平均株高/cm	植株数量	优势物种
轻度放牧草地	阳坡坡顶	10±1.35	13.67±3.36	2±1.33	7.72±3.78	31±3.16	异针茅Stipa aliena
	阳坡坡中	13±1.24		4±1.19	8.31±2.41	43±4.12	多裂骆驼蓬Peganum multisectum
	阳坡坡底	18±2.41		5±0.53	5.72±3.17	38±3.55	多裂骆驼蓬Peganum multisectum
	阴坡坡顶	18±1.12	21.33±5.36	6±1.13	7.11±1.19	54±3.74	异针茅Stipa aliena
	阴坡坡中	20±0.86		4±0.76	16.13±1.55	44±2.34	赖草Leymus secalinus
	阴坡坡底	26±3.21		7±0.69	8.53±2.45	75±1.29	多裂骆驼蓬Peganum multisectum
禁牧草地	阳坡坡顶	16±1.03	21.00±2.25	6±1.40	12.38±1.45	40±4.31	多裂骆驼蓬Peganum multisectum
	阳坡坡中	20±0.76		5±1.19	6.71±1.75	38±2.34	异针茅Stipa aliena
	阳坡坡底	27±1.75		8±3.33	10.62±1.24	47±7.35	异针茅Stipa aliena
	阴坡坡顶	26±1.51	37.67±4.21	8±2.01	19.68±1.43	52±6.69	异针茅Stipa aliena
	阴坡坡中	39±1.32		8±1.21	13.95±1.19	60±5.63	赖草Leymus secalinus
	阴坡坡底	45±1.66		10±1.33	7.26±1.24	112±10.99	异针茅Stipa aliena

草地类型	土壤物理特性	黏聚力	内摩擦角
轻度放牧草地	土壤密度	0.797	0.101
	土壤含水率	0.715	-0.052
	根系干重密度	0.841^*	-0.165
禁牧草地	土壤密度	0.135	0.143
	土壤含水率	0.773	-0.152
	根系干重密度	0.875^*	-0.089

Soil physical and mechanical properties of lightly grazed and prohibited grasslands: A case study of Xiazangtan landslide area

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