六盘山区国土空间生态安全格局构建与分区优化

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2023.07.14

Abstract

Abstract:

The establishment of an ecological security pattern is a crucial step in ensuring human well-being and healthy growth. It is a particular measure for putting the notion of “life community” into reality. The critical ecological location and abundant ecological resources of Ningxia’s Liupan Mountain Area make it indispensable in ensuring regional ecological security. In this study, we use the InVEST model and the circuit theory landscape model (Circuitscape) to completely integrate the benefits of ecosystem service assessment and ecological corridor identification. Meanwhile, we use the “sources-corridors-nodes” paradigm to build the ecological security pattern and complete ecological restoration zoning. According to the findings, there are 75 ecological sources in the Liupan Mountain Area, accounting for 21.8% of the total study area, which exhibits the characteristics of mountain spatial pattern and county expansion and serves as ecological strategic points and nodes in the construction of ecological security patterns. With a total length of 211.6 km, 47 significant ecological corridors link the nature reserves and the primary ecological sources. Meanwhile, 547 ecological pinchpoints and 217 ecological barriers, totaling 626.9 km² and 893.9 km², need urgent conservation and restoration. The area of ecological barriers accounts for 17.4% of the total, which requires the most stringent ecological protection to maximize the regional ecological radiation effect. Meanwhile, the proportions of conservation areas, restoration and improvement areas, and control and coordination areas are 6.5%, 38.2%, and 37.9%, respectively. To limit the danger of ecological deterioration, protected zones have strengthened surveillance of closed slopes and prohibited grazing, as well as plant regeneration. The restoration and improvement regions need the implementation of diverse strategies to enhance ecological quality to sustain the ecological network’s healthy, stable, and virtuous cycle and to capitalize on the ecological buffer zone impact. To thoroughly coordinate and maintain development, it is critical to scientifically outline the three zones and three lines, as well as enhance the degree of land conservation and intense usage. The findings might be useful for integrated and systematic ecological conservation and restoration, as well as policy development and project layout in the Liupan Mountain Area.

Key words: ecological restoration for territorial space, ecological security pattern, circuit theory, InVEST model, Liupan Mountain

BAO Yubin,WANG Yaozong,LU Feng,LIU Zizeng,MA Dawei,YANG Yong,WU Juan,ZHANG Yongkang. Construction of an ecological security pattern and zoning optimization for territorial space in the Liupan Mountain Area[J].Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(7): 1172-1183.

Figures/Tables 14

Fig. 1

Tab. 1

Methods for evaluating the importance of ecosystems"

生态系统服务	权重	评估模型/方法	基本原理及计算公式
生境维持	0.417	InVEST-Habitat Quality model	$Q x j = H j 1 - D z x j D z x j + k z$ 式中：Q_xj为土地利用类型j中栅格x的生境质量；D_xj为土地利用类型j中栅格x所受胁迫水平；k为半饱和常数，通常取D_xj最大值的一半；H_j为土地利用类型j的生境适合性；z为归一化常量^[26]
产水服务	0.316	InVEST-Water Yield model	$Y j x = 1 - A E T x j P x × P x, A E T x j P x = 1 + ω x × R x j 1 + ω x × R x j + 1 / R x j, R x j = k × E T 0 P x$ 式中：Y_jx为土地利用类型j中栅格x的年产水量（mm）；P_x为栅格单元x的年均降雨量；AET_xj为土地利用类型j中栅格x的年平均蒸散发量；R_xj为土地利用类型j中栅格x的干燥指数，表示潜在蒸发量与降雨量的比值；ω_x为修正植被年可利用水量与降水量的比值；k为植被系数，由植被叶面积指数计算^[25]，ET₀为潜在蒸散发量（mm）。植被年可利用水量利用土壤质地经验公式计算，具体见文献[24-25]
土壤保持	0.146	InVEST-Sediment Delivery Ratio model	$S C x = R x × K x × L S x × (1 - C x × P x) + S R x,$ $S R x = E x ∑ y = 1 x - 1 S E y ∏ z = y + 1 x - 1 (1 - E z)$ 式中：SC_x和SR_x分别为栅格x的土壤保持量（t·hm^-2·a^-1）和泥沙持留量（t·hm^-2·a^-1）；SE_y为上坡栅格y产生的泥沙量（t·hm^-2·a^-1），E_x为栅格x的泥沙持留效率^[24]，E_z为上坡栅格z的泥沙持留量（t·hm^-2·a^-1）；R_x、K_x、LS_x、C_x和P_x分别为栅格x的降雨侵蚀力因子、土壤可蚀性因子、坡度坡长因子、覆盖管理因子和水土保持措施因子
固碳服务	0.082	CASA模型-NPP法	$N P P x, t = A P A R x, t × ξ x, t$ 式中：NPP(x, t)为栅格x的植被在t时段内的净初级生产力（g C·m^-2·a^-1）；APAR(x, t)为栅格x在t时段内植被所吸收的光和有效辐射；ξ(x, t)为栅格x的植被在t时段内的光能转化率^[14]
粮食供给	0.038	NDVI配比法	$C r o p m n = N D V I m / N D V I n × C r o p n$ 式中：Crop_mn为第n个县第m个栅格的粮食供给服务（t·a^-1）；NDVI_m为该栅格全年中的NDVI最大值；NDVI_n为第n个县的NDVI全年最大值的和；Crop_n为第n个县的粮食年产量（t·a^-1）^[14,19]

Tab. 1

Tab. 2

Tab. 3

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Tab. 4

Tab. 5

Tab. 6

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Tab. 7

Fig. 6

Tab. 8

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阻力因子		权重	阻力值
阻力因子		权重	1	10	30	50	70	90
自然环境因子	土地覆被类型	0.269	森林、湿地	灌丛、草地	农田	荒漠	其他	城镇
	植被覆盖度/%	0.172	-	≥70	50~70	30~50	10~30	<10
	距离水体距离/km	0.127	-	<1	1~3	3~5	5~10	≥10
	干旱指数	0.090	-	<0.45	0.45~0.58	0.58~0.66	0.66~0.71	≥0.71
	坡度/（°）	0.056	-	<6	6~15	15~25	25~45	≥45
	水土流失敏感性	0.036	-	一般敏感	较敏感	中度敏感	高度敏感	极敏感
社会经济因子	距离居民点/km	0.103	-	≥2	1~2	0.5~1	0.25~0.5	<0.25
	距离采矿/km	0.073	≥15	10~15	5~10	2~5	1~2	<10
	距离道路/km	0.047	≥10	5~10	2~5	1~2	0.5~1	<0.5
	夜间灯光因子	0.027	<0.21	0.21~0.48		0.48~0.74	0.74~1.79	≥1.79

生境质量			产水服务			土壤保持			固碳服务			粮食供给			综合评价
面积/km²	比重/%		面积/km²	比重/%		面积/km²	比重/%		面积/km²	比重/%		面积/km²	比重/%		面积/km²	比重/%
4747.7	25.4		6121.3	32.8		1749.6	9.4		5183.0	27.7		5518.0	29.5		4473.8	23.9

类型	生态源地
类型	泾源县	彭阳县	原州区	海原县	隆德县	西吉县	沙坡头区	中宁县	同心县	总计
数量/个	2	25	10	18	9	8	12	8	4	96
面积/km²	1029.0	991.5	589.2	504.7	410.8	243.5	226.3	74.5	10.9	4080.3
百分比/%	25.2	24.3	14.4	12.4	10.1	6.0	5.5	1.8	0.2	100.0

生态源地重要性	电流阈值	数量/个	比重/%	面积/km²	比重/%
一般源地	2.0~235.9	24	32.0	212.6	5.2
重要源地	235.9~394.1	25	33.3	611.1	15.0
核心源地	394.1~1380.0	26	34.7	3256.6	79.8
总计		75	100.0	4080.3	100.0

	低值区	中值区	高值区	合计
面积/km²	8259.7	6049.2	4371.3	18680.2
比重/%	44.2	32.4	23.4	100.0

Construction of an ecological security pattern and zoning optimization for territorial space in the Liupan Mountain Area

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电流、电阻值	生态类型	阈值	类型	数量/个	比重/%	面积、长度	比重/%
电流值	生态廊道	2.0~80.8	一般廊道	45	32.6	579.0 km	48.1
		80.8~162.5	重要廊道	46	33.3	413.1 km	34.3
		162.5~616.0	关键廊道	47	34.1	211.6 km	17.6
			总计	138	100.0	1203.7 km	100.0
电流值	生态夹点	0.02~0.27	≤1 km²夹点	455	83.2	37.6 km²	6.0
			1~5 km²夹点	57	10.4	148.1 km²	23.6
			≥5 km²夹点	35	6.4	441.2 km²	70.4
			总计	547	100.0	626.9 km²	100.0
电阻值	生态障碍点	36.2~92.7	≤1 km²障碍点	146	67.3	31.7 km²	3.5
			1~5 km² 障碍点	42	19.3	103.4 km²	11.6
			≥5 km²障碍点	29	13.4	758.8 km²	84.9
			总计	217	100.0	893.9 km²	100.0

生态修复分区	格局类型	面积/km²	面积占比/%
生态屏障带	核心源地	2852.8	15.3
生态屏障带	关键廊道	395.9	2.1
生态保育区	核心源地	417.7	2.2
生态保育区	其他源地	810.1	4.3
修复提升区	优先修复区（其他生态廊道）	3449.2	18.5
修复提升区	生态提升区（生态阻力低值区）	3670.7	19.7
控制调节区	生态阻力中值区	3929.3	21.0
控制调节区	生态阻力高值区	3154.5	16.9
总计		18680.2	100.0

[1]	SHEN Cao,REN Zongping,LI Peng,WANG Kaibo,LU Kexin,REN Zhengyan,WEI Xiaoyan. Identification of priority areas for ecological compensation under soil and water conservation in Ningxia [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(9): 1527-1536.
[2]	ZHANG Xiaomin, ZHANG Dongmei, ZHANG Wei. Effects of human activities on carbon storage in the Irtysh River Basin [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(8): 1333-1345.
[3]	MA Simin, SHU Zhiliang, CHANG Zhuolin, ZHOU Nan, LIU Shijun. Statistics and analysis of surface raindrop spectrum characteristics in Liupan Mountain area of Ningxia [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(8): 1203-1214.
[4]	SHI Jianzhou, LIU Xiande, TIAN Qing, YU Pengtao, WANG Yanhui. Rainfall response of soil water content on a slope of Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation in the semi-arid Liupan Mountains [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(4): 594-604.
[5]	WANG Peng, QIN Sitong, HU Huirong. Spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of land use change and habitat quality in the Lhasa River Basin over the past three decades [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(3): 492-503.
[6]	CHEN Shi, HUANG Yinlan, JIN Yunxiang. Spatiotemporal changes of habitat quality before and after the implementation of Grain for Green Project in the middle reaches of the Yellow River [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(3): 456-468.
[7]	LEI Xin, HAI Xinquan. Impacts of land use change on carbon storage and estimation of economic value in Qilian Mountain region [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(11): 1845-1854.
[8]	LU Yayan,XU Xiaoliang,LI Jicai,FENG Xiaohua,LIU Luyuan. Research on the spatio-temporal variation of carbon storage in the Xinjiang Tianshan Mountains based on the InVEST model [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(6): 1896-1906.
[9]	WANG Qikun,WU Wei,YANG Xueqi,SANG Guoqing. Spatial-temporal changes and driving factors of habitat quality in Shaanxi Province during the past 20 years [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(5): 1684-1694.
[10]	GUO Jing,WANG Guangyan,XU Shengwu,ZHANG Guangpeng,YUAN Kaiye,LING Hongbo,Xiayidan Wumaierjiang. Dynamic assessment of Tarim River carbon storage under enhanced water resources management [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(3): 589-599.
[11]	LIU Guan,LI Guoqing,LI Jie,ZHANG Yanru,LU Qi,DU Sheng. Study on change in carbon storage and its spatial pattern in Mata Watershed from 1999 to 2016 based on InVEST model [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(1): 267-274.
[12]	CHEN Tong-yao, JIA Yan-feng, WANG Jia-nan, ZHANG Yu, LI Ping, LIU Chu-ying. Current Situation and Function of Soil Conservation in National Nature Reserves in the Qilian Mountains Based on InVEST Model [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2020, 37(1): 150-159.
[13]	WANG Bei, ZHAO Jun, ZHONG Jun-tao. Spatiotemporal Differentiation of Ecosystem Services in the Shiyang River Basin from 2005 to 2015 [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2019, 36(2): 474-485.