宁夏六盘山区地面雨滴谱特征统计分析

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2023.08.01

Abstract

Abstract:

The microphysical parameters, average characteristics of raindrop spectra, and gamma distribution parameters of three types of rainfall (stratiform, cumulonimbus, and stratocumulus) were analyzed using raindrop spectrum data from different stations of 58 rainfall processes in the Liupan Mountains from 2020 to 2021. The results are as follows: (1) The mean values for all microphysical parameters at each station were higher for cumulonimbus rainfall compared to stratocumulus and stratiform rainfall. In stratiform and stratocumulus rainfall, the mean diameter (D_ave) and mode diameter (D_mode) were smaller at the top and bottom of the mountain and greater on the mountainside. Conversely, the maximum diameter (D_max), mass-weighted mean diameter (D_mode), rain rate (R), radar reflectivity (Z), and liquid water content (Q) increased with elevation on the east and west slopes. (2) The contributions of small raindrops to rain rate (R) and number concentration (N) were higher in stratiform and stratocumulus rainfall than in cumulonimbus rainfall. However, the contributions of small and medium-sized raindrops to N and R, respectively, were higher in cumulonimbus rainfall than in stratiform and stratocumulus rainfall. (3) The N₀, μ, and λ parameters of gamma distribution decreased with an increase in altitude. The slope of the μ-λ fitting curve was closely related to the type of rainfall. (4) Compared with the foot of the mountain sites, the peak site exhibited a decrease in raindrop number concentration (N_w) and an increase in mean scale (D_m). (5) The characteristic diameter and microphysical parameters varied under different circulation situations.

Key words: Liupan Mountains, raindrop spectrum, microphysical parameters, Gamma distribution

MA Simin, SHU Zhiliang, CHANG Zhuolin, ZHOU Nan, LIU Shijun. Statistics and analysis of surface raindrop spectrum characteristics in Liupan Mountain area of Ningxia[J].Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(8): 1203-1214.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig. 1

Tab. 1

Tab. 2

Tab. 3

Selected rainfall cases from 2020 to 2021"

序号	云类	个例起止时间	序号	云类	个例起止时间
1	S	2020-05-13 T 03:30—11:38	30	SC	2020-08-04 T 04:18—2020-08-06 T 17:47
2	S	2020-09-25 T 00:40—2020-09-26 T 04:18	31	SC	2020-08-10 T 02:32—2020-08-12 T 16:28
3	S	2020-09-27 T 11:34—2020-09-28 T 18:13	32	SC	2020-08-14 T 08:44—2020-08-17 T 23:21
4	S	2020-09-30 T 06:26—2020-10-01 T 17:22	33	SC	2020-08-22 T 19:46—2020-08-23 T 17:47
5	S	2020-10-08 T 02:14—06:43	34	SC	2020-08-29 T 16:57—2020-08-30 T 18:47
6	S	2021-04-19 T 13:30—2021-04-20 T 20:27	35	SC	2020-09-09 T 01:42—22:00
7	C	2020-07-05 T 16:04—17:48	36	SC	2020-09-13 T 01:44—2020-09-14 T 02:23
8	C	2020-08-25 T 17:46—20:57	37	SC	2020-09-16 T 17:00—2020-09-17 T 00:38
9	C	2020-09-01 T 12:58—18:55	38	SC	2020-09-21 T 05:19—15:30
10	C	2020-09-03 T 16:33—18:08	39	SC	2020-10-02 T 01:35—12:02
11	C	2021-05-02 T 11:00—16:33	40	SC	2021-04-23 T 03:53—2021-04-24 T 14:00
12	C	2021-05-19 T 13:40—16:19	41	SC	2021-05-14 T 07:39—2021-05-15 T 19:31
13	C	2021-06-06 T 19:18—22:24	42	SC	2021-05-22 T 13:18—22:16
14	C	2021-06-28 T 12:16—15:43	43	SC	2021-06-14 T 01:57—2021-06-17 T 19:31
15	C	2021-06-30 T 15:06—17:45	44	SC	2021-06-30 T 20:08—2021-07-02 T 10:49
16	C	2021-07-07 T 13:55—18:22	45	SC	2021-07-14 T 21:32—2021-07-15 T 17:12
17	C	2021-07-12 T 15:20—16:47	46	SC	2021-07-25 T 15:07—2021-07-26 T 16:54
18	C	2021-07-16 T 10:41—15:53	47	SC	2021-08-12 T 14:36—23:08
19	C	2021-09-08 T 19:45—21:30	48	SC	2021-08-16 T 17:10—2021-08-19 T 17:30
20	C	2021-09-19 T 12:25—18:21	49	SC	2021-08-25 T 09:38—23:27
21	SC	2020-05-06 T 18:52—2020-05-07 T 04:37	50	SC	2021-08-30 T 07:15—2021-08-31 T 14:51
22	SC	2020-05-26 T 10:24—18:24	51	SC	2021-09-02 T 23:48—2021-09-03 T 18:18
23	SC	2020-06-01 T 05:25—18:24	52	SC	2021-09-05 T 11:47—18:52
24	SC	2020-06-07 T 09:30—2020-06-08 T 14:43	53	SC	2021-09-14 T 06:30—2021-09-15 T 20:31
25	SC	2020-06-11 T 05:00—14:50	54	SC	2021-09-17 T 08:26—2021-09-18 T 17:15
26	SC	2020-06-15 T 03:34—2020-06-17 T 14:41	55	SC	2021-09-22 T 09:24—21:50
27	SC	2020-06-22 T 03:10—09:05	56	SC	2021-09-24 T 07:00—2021-09-25 T 18:30
28	SC	2020-06-25 T 17:18—2020-06-26 T 13:45	57	SC	2021-09-27 T 13:08—19:22
29	SC	2020-07-14 T 00:50—19:45	58	SC	2021-10-02 T 23:48—2021-10-06 T 08:15

Tab. 3

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Tab. 4

Tab. 5

Fig. 7

Tab. 6

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站点名	经度	纬度	海拔/m
六盘山站（LPS）	106.20°E	35.66°N	2845.2
陈靳站(CJ)	106.15°E	35.57°N	2254.0
城关站(CG)	106.10°E	35.63°N	2284.0
大湾站(DW)	106.26°E	35.70°N	1952.4
惠台站(HT)	106.32°E	35.53°N	1985.0

参数	范围
测量区域	54 cm²
时间分辨率	60 s
粒径范围	0.2~25 mm
速度范围	0.2~20 m·s^-1
雨强范围	0.001~999.999 mm·h^-1

站点	层状云			对流云			积层混合云
站点	lgN₀	μ	λ	lgN₀	μ	λ	lgN₀	μ	λ
六盘山	10.3	14.7	25.4	5.8	10.7	12.4	8.3	11.8	19.4
陈靳	12.0	19.1	29.4	6.7	11.9	15.0	9.9	16.0	23.8
城关	12.1	18.6	35.3	5.8	10.8	13.2	9.3	14.3	21.6
大湾	23.9	40.2	75.1	8.2	15.5	20.4	13.1	23.6	39.7
惠台	13.9	23.7	36.3	7.1	13.2	15.4	10.7	18.2	26.4

站点	层状云			对流云			积层混合云
站点	a	b	c	a	b	c	a	b	c
六盘山	-0.0015	1.76	0.25	0.0028	1.06	0.10	0.0003	1.54	1.09
陈靳	0.0008	1.36	2.89	0.0015	1.26	-0.67	0.0002	1.47	0.004
城关	0.0015	1.94	-2.78	0.0022	1.19	-0.51	0.0005	1.47	0.27
大湾	-0.0003	1.93	-1.44	0.0009	1.42	-2.45	0.0002	1.48	0.15
惠台	-0.0005	1.54	0.36	0.0028	1.10	0.05	0.0002	1.43	0.05

天气类型	D_ave	D_max	D_m	D_mode	N	Z	R	Q	lgN₀	μ	λ
东高西低型	0.77	1.68	1.05	0.65	109.07	16.48	0.94	0.05	10.87	17.85	28.48
西北气流型	0.82	1.89	1.17	0.69	113.29	19.14	1.30	0.06	9.21	14.56	22.03
平直气流型	0.76	1.59	1.02	0.65	74.21	14.54	0.50	0.03	11.52	19.69	31.67

Statistics and analysis of surface raindrop spectrum characteristics in Liupan Mountain area of Ningxia

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