长江源区1980—2020年水沙变化规律

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2023.05.05

Abstract

Abstract:

The changes in soil loss, runoff, and sediment load in the headwaters of the Yangtze River and their correlation were studied based on the data of daily precipitation at 12 stations, and annual runoff and sediment at Zhimenda station in the headwaters of this river from 1980 to 2020. (1) The annual soil erosion modulus in the source area showed a significantly increasing trend (P<0.05), and the average annual soil erosion modulus was 4.71 t·hm^-2·a^-1. The erosion intensity and higher grades of erosion were mainly distributed in the southeast of the headwaters of the Yangtze River. (2) The runoff increased significantly (P<0.05), however, there was an abrupt change in 2004 when the suspended sediment concentrate and sediment load showed no significant change. (3) Precipitation had a significant positive effect on runoff and soil loss at 70% and 52.9%, respectively. Both runoff and soil loss showed direct positive effects on the sediment load. Precipitation, runoff, and soil loss explained 72.5% of the variation in sediment load. During this period, changes in precipitation had significant effects on soil loss and sediment in the headwaters of the Yangtze River. The results can provide a scientific basis for the research and evaluation of the effects of implementing ecological engineering in the headwaters of the Yangtze River.

Key words: Chinese soil loss equation, structural equation model, climate change, soil loss

YAO Chunyan, LIU Honghu, LIU Jing. Variation of runoff and sediment in the headwaters of the Yangtze River from 1980 to 2020[J].Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(5): 726-736.

Figures/Tables 15

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Tab. 1

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

Fig. 9

Fig. 10

Tab. 2

Fig. 11

Fig. 12

Tab. 3

References 43

[1]	Walling D E, Fang D. Recent trends in the suspended sediment loads of the world’s rivers[J]. Global Planet Change, 2003, 39: 111-126. doi: 10.1016/S0921-8181(03)00020-1
[2]	Gebremicael T G, Mohamed Y A, Betrie G D, et al. Trend analysis of runoff and sediment fluxes in the Upper Blue Nile basin: A combined analysis of statistical tests, physically-based models and landuse maps[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2013, 482: 57-68. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.12.023
[3]	Meade R H, Moody J A. Causes for the decline of suspended-sediment discharge in the Mississippi River system, 1940-2007[J]. Hydrological Processes, 2010, 24(1): 35-49.
[4]	Wang Shuai, Fu Bojie, Piao Shilong, et al. Reduced sediment transport in the Yellow River due to anthropogenic changes[J]. Nature Geoscience, 2016, 9(1): 38-41. doi: 10.1038/NGEO2602
[5]	Zhang Fan, Zeng Chen, Wang Guanxing, et al. Runoff and sediment yield in relation to precipitation, temperature and glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau[J]. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 2022, 10(2): 197-207. doi: 10.1016/j.iswcr.2021.09.004
[6]	王学良, 陈仁升, 刘俊峰, 等. 1956—2021年疏勒河流域主要河流出山径流变化及成因分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(6): 1782-1792.
	[Wang Xueliang, Chen Rensheng, Liu Junfeng, et al. Changes in runoff from major rivers and analysis of its causes in the Shule River Basin from 1956-2021[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(6): 1782-1792. ]
[7]	赵蒙恩, 闫庆武, 刘政婷, 等. 鄂尔多斯市土壤侵蚀时空演变及影响因子分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(6): 1819-1831.
	[Zhao Meng’en, Yan Qingwu, Liu Zhengting, et al. Analysis of temporal and spatial evolution and influencing factors of soil erosion in Ordos City[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(6): 1819-1831. ]
[8]	孙鸿烈, 郑度, 姚檀栋, 等. 青藏高原国家生态安全屏障保护与建设[J]. 地理学报, 2012, 67(1): 3-12. doi: 10.11821/xb201201001
	[Sun Honglie, Zheng Du, Yao Tandong, et al. Protection and construction of the national ecological security shelter zone on Tibetan Plateau[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2012, 67(1): 3-12. ] doi: 10.11821/xb201201001
[9]	关颖慧, 王淑芝, 温得平. 长江源区水沙变化特征及成因分析[J]. 泥沙研究, 2021, 46(3): 43-49, 56.
	[Guan Yinghui, Wang Shuzhi, Wen Deping. Processes of runoff and sediment load in the source regions of the Yangtze River[J]. Journal of Sediment Research, 2021, 46(3): 43-49, 56. ]
[10]	潘佳佳, 郭新蕾, 王涛, 等. 长江源区年际冰水情变化及其影响因子分析[J]. 中国水利水电科学研究院学报, 2023, 21(1): 64-73.
	[Pan Jiajia, Guo Xinlei, Wang Tao, et al. River ice-flow situations and interannual variations in the source region of the Yangtze River on the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, 2023, 21(1): 64-73. ]
[11]	刘彦, 张建军, 张岩, 等. 三江源区近数十年河流输沙及水沙关系变化[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2016, 14(6): 61-69.
	[Liu Yan, Zhang Jianjun, Zhang Yan, et al. Variations of riverine sediment and the relationship between runoff and sediment in the source region of three rivers[J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2016, 14(6): 61-69. ]
[12]	Naveed A, Wang Genxu, Martijn J, et al. Separation of the impact of landuse/landcover change and climate change on runoff in the Upstream area of the Yangtze River, China[J]. Water Resources Management, 2022, 36(1): 181-201. doi: 10.1007/s11269-021-03021-z
[13]	Pavisorn C, Xu Mengzhen, Tang Wenzhe. Predicted trends of soil erosion and sediment yield from future land use and climate change scenarios in the Lancang-Mekong River by using the modified RUSLE model[J]. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 2020, 8(3): 1-47. doi: 10.1016/j.iswcr.2020.01.001
[14]	Zhang Fan, Shi Xiaonan, Zeng Chen. Recent stepwise sediment flux increase with climate change in the Tuotuo River in the central Tibetan Plateau[J]. Science Bulletin, 2020, 65(5): 410-418. doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2019.12.017 pmid: 36659232
[15]	Teng Hongfen, Liang Zongzhang, Chen Songchao, et al. Current and future assessments of soil erosion by water on the Tibetan Plateau based on RUSLE and CMIP5 climate models[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2018, 635: 673-686. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.146
[16]	Wang Yousheng, Cheng Congcong, Xie Yun, et al. Increasing trends in rainfall-runoff erosivity in the Source Region of the Three Rivers, 1961-2012[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2017, 592: 639-648. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.235
[17]	苏远逸, 冯朝红, 张扬, 等. 黄土丘陵区覆沙坡面产流产沙过程及水沙关系[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(4): 1166-1173.
	[Su Yuanyi, Feng Chaohong, Zhang Yang, et al. Runoff and sediment yield and relationship between water and sediment of sand covered slope of Loess Hilly Region[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(4): 1166-1173. ]
[18]	张凡, 史晓楠, 曾辰, 等. 青藏高原河流输沙量变化与影响[J]. 中国科学院院刊, 2019, 34(11): 1274-1284.
	[Zhang Fan, Shi Xiaonan, Zeng Chen, et al. Variation and influence of riverine sediment transport from Tibetan Plateau, China[J]. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019, 34(11): 1274-1284. ]
[19]	Liu Baoyuan, Zhang Keli, Xie Yun, et al. An Empirical Soil Loss Equation[N]. Beijing: 12th ISCO Conference, 2002.
[20]	章文波, 谢云, 刘宝元. 降雨侵蚀力研究进展[J]. 水土保持学报, 2002, 16(5): 43-46.
	[Zhang Wenbo, Xie Yun, Liu Baoyuan. Rainfall erosivity estimation using daily rainfall amounts[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2002, 16(5): 43-46. ]
[21]	张科利, 彭文英, 杨红丽. 中国土壤可蚀性值及其估算[J]. 土壤学报, 2007, 44(1): 7-13.
	[Zhang Keli, Peng Wenying, Yang Hongli. Soil erodibility and its estimation for agricultural soil in China[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2007, 44(1): 7-13. ]
[22]	Liu Honghu, Kiesel J, Hörmann G, et al. Effects of DEM horizontal resolution and methods on calculating the slope length factor in gently rolling landscapes[J]. Catena, 2011, 87(3): 368-375. doi: 10.1016/j.catena.2011.07.003
[23]	Fu Bojie, Zhao Wenwu, Chen Lidong, et al. Assessment of soil erosion at large watershed scale using RUSLE and GIS: A case study in the Loess Plateau of China[J]. Land Degradation & Development, 2005, 16(1): 73-85. doi: 10.1002/ldr.v16:1
[24]	Guo Qiankun, Liu Baoyuan, Xie Yun, et al. Estimation of USLE crop and management factor values for crop rotation systems in China[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2020, 14(9): 1877-1888. doi: 10.1016/S2095-3119(15)61097-8
[25]	杜俊, 师长兴, 周园园. 长江上游侵蚀产沙格局及其控制因素[J]. 山地学报, 2010, 28(6): 660-667.
	[Du Jun, Shi Changxing, Zhou Yuanyuan. Sediment yield pattern and its controlling factors in the Upper Yangtze River[J]. Journal of Mountain Science, 2010, 28(6): 660-667. ]
[26]	Chin W W, Marcoulides G. The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling[J]. Advances in Hospitality and Lsure, 1998, 295: 295-336.
[27]	刘强, 尉飞鸿, 常康飞, 等. 皇甫川流域水沙变化特征及其影响因素[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(6): 1506-1513.
	[Liu Qiang, Wei Feihong, Chang Kangfei, et al. Characteristics of water and sediment variation in the Huangfuchuan basin and its influencing factors[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(6): 1506-1513. ]
[28]	Liu Baoyuan, Xie Yun, Li Zhiguang, et al. The assessment of soil loss by water erosion in China[J]. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 2020, 7(2): 1-16. doi: 10.1016/j.iswcr.2018.11.001
[29]	魏梦美, 符素华, 刘宝元. 青藏高原水力侵蚀定量研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(7): 740-752. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2021.072
	[Wei Mengmei, Fu Suhua, Liu Baoyuan. Quantitative research of water erosion on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2021, 36(7): 740-752. ] doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2021.072
[30]	于文竹. 基于模型模拟及核素示踪的三江源土壤侵蚀研究[D]. 兰州: 兰州大学, 2021.
	[Yu Wenzhu. Study on Soil Erosion of Three River Source Region Based on Erosion Model and Nuclide Tracer Technique[D]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University, 2021. ]
[31]	刘杰, 骆婵娟, 曹江源, 等. 青海三江源区土壤侵蚀现状及其分布[J]. 中国水土保持, 2010, 9(2): 49-51.
	[Liu Jie, Luo Chanjuan, Cao Jiangyuan, et al. Present status and distribution of soil erosion of the Three-River-Source area in Qinghai[J]. Soil and Water Conservation in China, 2010, 9(2): 49-51. ]
[32]	张平仓, 刘纪根. 长江源区水土流失考察初析[J]. 人民长江, 2011, 42(19): 95-99.
	[Zhang Pingcang, Liu Jigen. Preliminary analysis on investigation of soil and water loss in source regions of Yangtze River[J]. Yangtze River, 2011, 42(19): 95-99. ]
[33]	唐见, 曹慧群, 陈进. 生态保护工程和气候变化对长江源区植被变化的影响量化[J]. 地理学报, 2019, 74(1): 76-86. doi: 10.11821/dlxb201901006
	[Tang Jian, Cao Huiqun, Chen Jin. Effects of ecological conservation projects and climate variations on vegetation changes in the Source Region of Yangtze River[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019, 74(1): 76-86. ] doi: 10.11821/dlxb201901006
[34]	邵全琴, 刘树超, 宁佳, 等. 2000—2019年中国重大生态工程生态效益遥感评估[J]. 地理学报, 2022, 77(9): 2133-2153. doi: 10.11821/dlxb202209001
	[Shao Quanqin, Liu Shuchao, Ning Jia, et al. Assessment of ecological benefits of key national ecological projects in China in 2000-2019 using remote sensing[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2022, 77(9): 2133-2153. ] doi: 10.11821/dlxb202209001
[35]	邵全琴, 樊江文, 刘纪远, 等. 三江源生态保护和建设一期工程生态成效评估[J]. 地理学报, 2016, 71(1): 3-20. doi: 10.11821/dlxb201601001
	[Shao Quanqin, Fan Jiangwen, Liu Jiyuan, et al. Assessment on the effects of the first-stage ecological conservation and restoration project in Sanjiangyuan region[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2016, 71(1): 3-20. ] doi: 10.11821/dlxb201601001
[36]	张永勇, 张士锋, 翟晓燕, 等. 三江源区径流演变及其对气候变化的响应[J]. 地理学报, 2012, 22(5): 781-794.
	[Zhang Yongyong, Zhang Shifeng, Zhai Xiaoyan, et al. Runoff variation in the Three Rivers Source Region and its response to climate change[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2012, 22(5): 781-794. ]
[37]	李凯. 三江源区径流演变规律及未来变化趋势研究[D]. 武汉: 长江科学院, 2021.
	[Li Kai. Study on the Evolution Law and Future Trend of Runoff in the Three-River Headwaters Region[D]. Wuhan: Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, 2021. ]
[38]	胡光印, 董治宝, 逯军峰, 等. 近30 a来长江源区沙漠化时空演变过程及成因分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2011, 34(2): 300-308.
	[Hu Guangyin, Dong Zhibao, Lu Junfeng, et al. Land desertification monitoring in the Source Region of Yangtze River from 1975 to 2005 and the analysis of its causes[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2011, 34(2): 300-308. ]
[39]	Zokaib S, Naser G h. A study on rainfall, runoff, and soil loss relations at different land uses: A case in Hilkot watershed in Pakistan[J]. International Journal of Sediment Research, 2012, 27: 388-393. doi: 10.1016/S1001-6279(12)60043-2
[40]	景可, 焦菊英, 李林育, 等. 输沙量、侵蚀量与泥沙输移比的流域尺度关系——以赣江流域为例[J]. 地理研究, 2010, 29(7): 1163-1170. doi: 10.11821/yj2010070002
	[Jing Ke, Jiao Juying, Li Linyu, et al. The scale relationship of sediment discharge, erosion amount and sediment delivery ratio in drainage basin: A case study in the Ganjiang River Basin[J]. Geographical Research, 2010, 29(7): 1163-1170. ] doi: 10.11821/yj2010070002
[41]	周侃, 张健, 虞虎, 等. 国家公园及周边地区人为扰动强度的时空变化与驱动因素——以三江源国家公园为例[J]. 生态学报, 2022, 42(14): 5574-5585.
	[Zhou Kan, Zhang Jian, Yu Hu, et al. Spatio-temporal varation and drivers of degree of human disturbance in national park and surrounding areas: A case study of Sanjiangyuan National Park[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2022, 42(14): 5574-5585. ]
[42]	郭帅, 裴艳茜, 胡胜, 等. 黄河流域植被指数对气候变化的响应及其与水沙变化的关系[J]. 水土保持通报, 2020, 40(3): 1-7.
	[Guo Shuai, Pei Yanqian, Hu Sheng, et al. Response of vegetation index to climate change and their relationship with runoff-sediment change in Yellow River basin[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 2020, 40(3): l-7. ]
[43]	Ji Guangxing, Song Huiyun, Wei Hejie, et al. Attribution analysis of climate and anthropic factors on runoff and vegetation changes in the source area of the Yangtze River from 1982 to 2016[J]. Land, 2021, 10: 612-625. doi: 10.3390/land10060612

土地利用类型	B值	土地利用类型	B值
旱地	1	城镇用地	0.01
有林地	0.01	农村居民点	0.025
灌木林地	0.1	建设用地	0.1
疏林地	0.1	水体	0
其他林地	0.2	其他未利用地	0
高覆盖草地	0.12	沼泽地	0.05
中覆盖草地	0.18
低覆盖草地	0.32

路径	直接效应	间接效应	总效应
P?M	0.727	-	0.727
P?Q	0.837	-	0.837
P?S	-	0.696	0.696
Q?S	0.885	-	0.885
M?S	0.062	-	0.062

时期		NDVI	草地	水体	未利用地
1998—2009年	径流量	0.538	-0.146	0.403	-0.028
	输沙量	0.426	-0.068	0.145	-0.184
	土壤侵蚀	-0.300	-	-	-
2010—2018年	径流量	0.614	0.302	-0.302	0.302
	输沙量	0.619	0.135	-0.135	0.135
	土壤侵蚀	0.740^*	-	-	-

Variation of runoff and sediment in the headwaters of the Yangtze River from 1980 to 2020

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Like

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 15

References 43

Related Articles 15

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 0

[1]	ZHAO Yuqi, WEI Tianxing. Changes in vegetation cover and influencing factors in typical counties of the Loess Plateau from 1990 to 2020 [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2024, 41(1): 147-156.
[2]	HU Guanglu,TAO Hu,JIAO Jiao,BAI Yuanru,CHEN Haizhi,MA Jin. Runoff trend and attribution analysis of the Zhengyi Gorge in the middle reaches of the Heihe River [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(9): 1414-1424.
[3]	ZHOU Xiaodong, CHANG Shunli, WANG Guanzheng, ZHANG Yutao, YU Shulong, ZHANG Tongwen. Radial growth response of Picea schrenkiana to climate change in the middle section of the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(8): 1215-1228.
[4]	MENG Chengfeng, ZHONG Tao, ZHENG Jianghua, WANG Nan, LIU Zexuan, REN Xiangyuan. Analysis of temporal and spatial characteristics and driving forces of Kunlun glacial lakes [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(7): 1094-1106.
[5]	ZHAO Yanfen, PAN Borong. Potential geographical distributions of Tugarinovia in China under climate change scenarios [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(6): 949-957.
[6]	WANG Xiaoyu, MA Rui, ZHANG Fu, HU Yanting, WANG Lingli, JIANG Chengyang, CHEN Su’e. Characteristics of water and sand changes in the upper Guanchuan River and its response to precipitation and water conservation measures [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(11): 1765-1775.
[7]	ZHAO Mingtao, WANG Chaoqun, LIANG Meiqi, HE Tonghui. Response of species diversity of typical submerged plant communities to sediment in Yinchuan Plain wetlands [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(11): 1815-1823.
[8]	DAI Jun, HU Haizhu, MAO Xiaomin, ZHANG Ji. Future climate change trends in the Shiyang River Basin based on the CMIP6 multi-model estimation data [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(10): 1547-1562.
[9]	WANG Guanzheng, CHANG Shunli, WANG Jianping, ZHANG Yutao, SUN Xuejiao, LI Xiang. Factors affecting Picea schrenkiana regeneration on different slope directions [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(10): 1661-1669.
[10]	YAO Daijun, LIU Kang, HUI Yuxiang, WANG Kaixin. The response and mechanism of Pinus tabulaeformis tree-ring width to climate change in Maijishan Mountain, Tianshui, China [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(1): 19-29.
[11]	CHEN Hongguang, MENG Fanhao, SA Chula, LUO Min, WANG Mulan, LIU Guixiang. Analysis of the characteristics of runoff evolution and its driving factors in a typical inland river basin in arid regions [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(1): 39-50.
[12]	ZHANG Haochen,SA Chula,MENG Fanhao,LUO Min,WANG Mulan,GAO Hongdou,ADIYA Saruulzaya. Dynamic changes and driving factors of the surface freeze-thaw index in Inner Mongolia [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(6): 1996-2008.
[13]	WANG Jingwen,TANG Zhiguang,DENG Gang,HU Guojie,SANG Guoqing. Monitoring of snowline altitude at the end of melting season in Tianshan Mountains from 1991 to 2021 [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(5): 1385-1397.
[14]	GUO Yili,LI Shuheng,WANG Jiachuan,HAN Yijie. Response divergence of radial growth to climate change in earlywood and latewood of Larix principis-rupprechtii in Luya Mountain [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(5): 1449-1463.
[15]	WANG Xiaofei,HUANG Yue,LIU Tie,LI Junli,WANG Zheng,ZAN Chanjuan,DUAN Yongchao. Analysis of water balance change and influencing factors in Issyk-Kul Lake in recent 60 years [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(5): 1576-1587.