黄河源区不同退化程度高寒草地理化性质及复合体抗剪强度研究

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2022.02.23

Abstract

Abstract:

This study was to exhibit the effects of alpine grassland degradation on the physical and chemical properties of the soil and the shear strength of the root-soil composite system in the source region of the Yellow River. The alpine grassland in Henan County, Qinghai Province, was selected as the study site. The variation in characteristics of soil density, water content, soil nutrient element content, and shear strength of plant root-soil composite system at different stages of deterioration of grassland was obtained through laboratory experiments. The test results showed that under the same degradation status and sampling depth, the average soil density in the test area of Nanqi Village was 1.02-1.29 times that of Qilong Pasture. The soil water content showed a decreasing trend with the deterioration worsening. Soil pH value increased with increasing deterioration, and soil organic matter content, total nitrogen content, and total phosphorus content decreased. As a result, the shear strength of the root-soil composite system decreased with worsening damage. In Qilong Pasture and Nanqi Village, shear strength in the upper layer (0-10 cm) and lower layer (10-20 cm) were reduced by 72.05% and 48.77%, and 77.26% and 81.37%, respectively. The amount and dry weight of roots in the root-soil composite system decreased gradually with grassland degradation rising. In Qilong Pasture and Nanqi Village, the root amount in the upper and lower layers decreased by 79.28%, 75.93%, and 92.48%, 39.59%, respectively. Finally, according to the WWM model and Pearson correlation analysis, the reduction of roots and nutrient element content significantly reduced the shear strength of the root-soil composite system. Therefore, the study results provide practical guiding significance for the rational prevention and control of grassland degradation, soil erosion, and shallow landslides in the source region of the Yellow River.

Key words: the source region of the Yellow River, grassland degradation, physical and chemical properties, root-soil composite system, shear strength, correlation analysis

YANG Fucheng,LIU Changyi,HU Xiasong,LI Xilai,FU Jiangtao,LU Haijing,SHEN Ziyan,XU Tong,YAN Cong,HE Weipeng. Study on physical and chemical properties and shear strength characteristics of root-soil composite system with different degradation degrees of alpine grassland in the source region of the Yellow River[J].Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(2): 560-571.

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References 46

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序号	测试项目	测试方法
1	全氮	凯氏定氮法
2	全磷	酸溶—钼锑抗比色法
3	全钾	氢氟酸高氯酸消煮法
4	碱解氮	碱解—扩散法
5	速效磷	碳酸氢钠浸提—钼锑抗比色法
6	速效钾	乙酸铵浸提—火焰光度法
7	有机质	高温外加热重铬酸钾氧化容量法
8	pH值	电位法

试验区	草地退化程度	优势草本植物类型	平均株高/cm	植被覆盖度/%
启龙牧场	未退化	矮嵩草	11.02±4.16	98.20
	轻度退化	矮嵩草	11.73±0.46	80.00
	中度退化	矮嵩草+细叶亚菊组合	12.90±3.65	63.33
	重度退化	密花香薷	4.00±1.35	20.00
南旗村	未退化	矮嵩草+垂穗披碱草组合	29.20±20.97	100.00
	轻度退化	矮嵩草	7.27±1.76	100.00
	中度退化	矮嵩草+垂穗披碱草组合	20.33±5.34	76.67
	重度退化	密花香薷为主且大部分退化为裸地	6.60±1.58	36.67

试验区	退化程度	土体密度/（g·cm^-3）		土体含水率/%
试验区	退化程度	上层	下层	上层	下层
启龙牧场	未退化	1.29±0.29	1.34±0.13	57.79±4.82	53.08±16.53
	轻度退化	1.07±0.04	1.25±0.05	56.82±5.25	44.39±12.50
	中度退化	1.20±0.17	1.27±0.13	41.80±5.11	38.68±9.82
	重度退化	1.19±0.10	1.35±0.17	39.41±3.58	33.79±18.69
南旗村	未退化	1.43±0.09	1.48±0.15	45.53±8.45	48.04±3.20
	轻度退化	1.38±0.10	1.45±0.12	38.85±4.17	32.64±1.33
	中度退化	1.14±0.01	1.30±0.15	33.96±7.26	27.96±8.37
	重度退化	1.21±0.15	1.35±0.10	29.87±1.04	28.55±1.64

试验区	退化程度	d₆₀/mm	d₃₀/mm	d₁₀/mm	不均匀系数C_u	曲率系数C_c	级配类型	土体类型
启龙牧场	未退化	0.19	0.09	0.04	4.97	0.98	不良级配	砂类土
	轻度退化	0.23	0.10	0.04	5.27	0.90	不良级配	砂类土
	中度退化	0.25	0.15	0.08	3.23	1.10	不良级配	砂类土
	重度退化	0.38	0.19	0.10	3.80	0.91	不良级配	砂类土
南旗村	未退化	0.38	0.16	0.08	4.57	0.74	不良级配	砂类土
	轻度退化	0.27	0.10	0.05	5.27	0.71	不良级配	砂类土
	中度退化	0.25	0.15	0.08	3.23	1.10	不良级配	砂类土
	重度退化	0.38	0.19	0.10	3.80	0.91	不良级配	砂类土

试验区	草地退化程度	pH	有机质 /（g·kg^-1）	全N /（g·kg^-1）	全P₂O₅ /（g·kg^-1）	全K₂O /（g·kg^-1）	碱解N /（mg·kg^-1）	速效P /（mg·kg^-1）	速效K /（mg·kg^-1）
启龙牧场	未退化	7.11±0.25	119.54±38.23	6.96±1.90	1.67±0.10	20.47±2.45	381.67±70.23	4.40±3.50	147.33±71.50
	轻度退化	7.37±0.56	115.80±26.42	7.00±1.31	1.60±0.11	20.55±1.42	339.67±89.53	1.97±0.35	325.33±85.01
	中度退化	7.37±1.18	106.08±46.95	6.69±2.06	1.81±0.35	19.69±1.96	341.67±62.52	2.30±0.26	206.00±38.69
	重度退化	7.97±0.39	104.17±46.16	6.68±2.24	1.78±0.23	20.30±1.41	295.00±31.95	2.30±0.26	197.00±41.07
南旗村	未退化	7.22±0.41	93.22±20.09	5.79±0.76	1.72±0.16	25.01±2.37	333.33±55.37	2.20±0.52	262.33±101.15
	轻度退化	7.90±0.52	59.16±4.09	4.27±0.24	1.52±0.13	24.70±2.52	252.00±6.93	2.67±0.97	199.00±31.58
	中度退化	8.00±0.36	64.36±9.35	4.34±0.68	1.51±0.10	26.22±4.72	217.00±70.06	2.47±0.15	172.00±35.04
	重度退化	7.75±0.10	60.08±6.59	3.83±0.14	1.40±0.08	25.01±1.04	214.33±30.53	1.93±0.38	150.33±38.11

Study on physical and chemical properties and shear strength characteristics of root-soil composite system with different degradation degrees of alpine grassland in the source region of the Yellow River

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试验区	草地退化程度	pH	有机质 /（g·kg^-1）	全N /（g·kg^-1）	全P₂O₅ /（g·kg^-1）	全K₂O /（g·kg^-1）	碱解N /（mg·kg^-1）	速效P /（mg·kg^-1）	速效K /（mg·kg^-1）
启龙牧场	未退化	7.45±0.25	73.99±10.32	5.13±0.58	1.58±0.32	22.64±1.30	238.67±16.17	3.40±1.42	147.33±89.27
	轻度退化	7.95±0.2	70.68±15.61	5.45±1.73	1.41±0.19	20.91±0.90	263.67±81.82	2.10±0.10	289.33±106.8
	中度退化	7.55±1.06	70.87±13.39	4.91±1.16	1.53±0.16	20.90±1.89	241.00±75.72	2.27±0.06	177.33±95.93
	重度退化	8.17±0.09	69.59±11.43	5.00±1.00	1.47±0.18	20.54±0.49	259.00±48.54	1.97±0.40	245.67±87.05
南旗村	未退化	7.42±0.41	83.16±35.95	5.05±1.61	1.68±0.33	23.75±4.30	279.67±109.16	2.10±0.62	99.33±6.35
	轻度退化	7.87±0.51	55.89±4.05	3.98±0.26	1.40±0.11	24.38±2.18	220.67±11.72	1.83±0.31	145.00±50.23
	中度退化	8.12±0.33	58.99±10.78	4.06±0.57	1.46±0.13	21.84±1.87	203.67±62.68	3.07±2.20	122.67±53.12
	重度退化	8.19±0.17	57.83±6.64	3.86±0.33	1.38±0.04	25.62±0.95	212.67±19.76	1.87±0.15	97.67±14.36

	黏聚力	根系数量	根系干重	密度	有机质
黏聚力	1
根系数量	0.781	1
根系干重	0.784	0.999^**	1
密度	0.974^*	0.843	0.854	1
有机质	0.688	0.723	0.692	0.588	1

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试验区	草地退化程度	平均黏聚力c值/kPa		平均内摩擦角φ值/(°)
试验区	草地退化程度	上层	下层	上层	下层
启龙牧场	未退化	26.94±3.31	39.45±14.10	20.52±1.87	17.60±4.98
	轻度退化	13.07±11.24	12.37±7.13	22.10±0.74	23.44±1.84
	中度退化	13.42±2.39	8.63±4.15	21.35±2.75	23.29±0.80
	重度退化	7.53±3.53	8.97±6.57	24.81±0.91	23.92±2.94
南旗村	未退化	26.43±4.51	24.69±4.91	21.92±2.23	20.79±0.68
	轻度退化	19.73±10.29	12.17±8.19	22.82±1.91	22.58±1.61
	中度退化	6.83±6.79	5.09±3.25	24.69±1.05	26.06±1.40
	重度退化	13.54±8.79	4.60±0.51	23.42±1.71	24.61±0.23

试验区	草地退化程度	根数/根		干重/（g·cm^-3）		平均根径/mm
试验区	草地退化程度	上层	下层	上层	下层	上层	下层
启龙牧场	未退化	253.33±70.24	90.00±17.32	11.31±4.47	2.57±0.46	0.37±0.12	0.27±0.06
	轻度退化	307.50±239.91	102.50±40.31	9.42±6.32	2.26±2.52	0.26±0.13	0.22±0.05
	中度退化	133.75±56.48	57.50±28.72	4.42±3.07	0.92±0.48	0.33±0.08	0.17±0.07
	重度退化	52.50±17.08	40.00±14.14	0.85±0.17	0.50±0.16	0.33±0.10	0.19±0.03
南旗村	未退化	180.00±138.92	130.00±45.83	5.62±5.08	3.97±3.37	0.31±0.02	0.24±0.08
	轻度退化	140.00±62.72	63.33±37.86	4.30±2.37	1.05±0.51	0.23±0.10	0.20±0.02
	中度退化	91.67±40.72	48.33±27.54	2.20±1.40	0.67±0.53	0.28±0.07	0.20±0.02
	重度退化	43.33±27.54	67.67±75.08	0.36±0.19	1.58±2.57	0.37±0.09	0.36±0.34