水分胁迫对设施延迟栽培葡萄根际土壤有机氮及土壤酶活性的影响

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2021.05.19

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to explore the changes in the basic physical and chemical properties, enzyme activities and organic nitrogen components of the rhizosphere soil of protected grapes under different water stress conditions, and analyze the response relationship between them provide a certain reference basis for the establishment of a reasonable stress irrigation model for the delayed cultivation of grapes in the Hexi area of Gansu Province. Using a completely randomized test design based on a single water stress factor, the Bremner method was employed to determine the characteristics of the variation in organic nitrogen contents in the rhizosphere soil layer of the grapes during the ripening period, and the basic physical and chemical properties of the soil and soil enzyme activity during the whole growth period, under different water stresses (moderate W1, mild W2, and adequate W3 water supply). The results showed: (1) Moderate and mild water stress during the whole growth period had no significant effect on the total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, total phosphorus, organic matter, and organic carbon of the rhizosphere soil of the grapes under delayed cultivation, but the soil microbial biomass carbonand nitrogen contents were reduced. The contents of soil nitrate nitrogen and available phosphorus in the early stage of water stress were significantly lower than those observed in adequate water supply conditions. (2) Moderate and mild water stress had no significant effect on the activity of catalase in rhizosphere soil during the whole grape growth period, but showed different levels of inhibitory effects on the contents of urease and invertase in the fruit swelling and coloring stages. (3) The contents of organic nitrogen components in each treatment were present in the following order: non-acid hydrolysis nitrogen>acid hydrolysis amino acid nitrogen>acid hydrolysis ammonium nitrogen>acid hydrolysis unknown nitrogen>acid hydrolysis amino sugar nitrogen; both mild and moderate water stress contributed to the accumulation of total acid hydrolyzed nitrogen in the grapes’ rhizosphere soil, which increased by 21.16% and 10.34%, respectively, compared with contrast. (4) Sucrase had a significant and positive correlation with microbial biomass carbon; RDA analysis showed that nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen were the most important environmental factors affecting the variation of soil organic nitrogen components, followed by total nitrogen.

Key words: water stress, facility cultivation, basic physical and chemical properties, soil enzyme activity, organic nitrogen components

YANG Changyu,ZHANG Rui,LIN Baojun,DONG Bo,GAO Yanting,LI Hongxia,ZHAGN Caixia,WANG Xihong. Effects of water stress on rhizosphere organic nitrogen fractions and enzyme activities in the rhizosphere of delayed cultivation grape[J].Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(5): 1376-1384.

Figures/Tables 7

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References 33

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参数	处理	2019年6月15日	2019年8月15日	2019年10月15日
参数	处理	新梢生长期	果实膨大期	着色成熟期
有机碳/(g·kg^-1)	W1	9.30±0.99a	9.41±0.56a	9.08±0.56a
	W2	9.53±0.93a	9.99±0.36a	9.69±0.49a
	W3	9.57±0.33a	10.60±0.85a	9.53±0.69a
微生物生物量碳/(mg·kg^-1)	W1	87.15±4.40b	140.48±4.08b	131.52±6.31b
	W2	114.46±11.52ab	158.70±8.94a	139.33±6.24b
	W3	123.64±21.45a	161.46±7.74a	154.97±9.61a
微生物生物量氮/(mg·kg^-1)	W1	10.24±0.47a	14.61±1.42a	13.32±1.66b
	W2	11.72±1.97a	16.71±1.32a	13.69±1.28b
	W3	12.23±2.79a	15.87±0.96a	16.43±0.74a
全氮/(g·kg^-1)	W1	0.83±0.03a	0.83±0.03a	0.84±0.01a
	W2	0.82±0.03a	0.82±0.03a	0.83±0.01a
	W3	0.83±0.03a	0.81±0.03a	0.82±0.01a
硝态氮/(mg·kg^-1)	W1	12.06±0.97b	15.85±0.61b	12.49±1.24a
	W2	12.26±0.56b	17.00±1.18ab	12.28±0.76a
	W3	14.23±0.74a	18.52±0.67a	13.80±1.21a
铵态氮/(mg·kg^-1)	W1	3.65±0.76a	4.50±0.63a	3.53±0.41a
	W2	3.42±0.29a	4.47±0.32a	3.83±0.38a
	W3	3.88±0.35a	4.88±0.84a	3.57±0.28a
全磷/(g·kg^-1)	W1	0.82±0.10a	0.83±0.01a	0.82±0.04a
	W2	0.79±0.06a	0.84±0.04a	0.85±0.09a
	W3	0.77±0.21a	0.79±0.01a	0.84±0.06a
速效磷/(mg·kg^-1)	W1	28.88±1.91b	39.24±1.08b	41.30±1.63a
	W2	30.88±1.88ab	40.28±1.63ab	37.66±8.19a
	W3	34.68±2.50a	44.66±3.45a	46.81±2.15a
有机质/(g·kg^-1)	W1	16.03±1.71a	16.22±0.95a	15.64±1.69a
	W2	16.44±1.61a	17.21±0.62a	16.71±1.48a
	W3	16.49±0.57a	18.27±1.48a	16.42±1.19a

	有机碳	MBC	MBN	全氮	硝态氮	铵态氮	全磷	速效磷	有机质	脲酶	蔗糖酶	过氧化氢酶
有机碳	1	0.017	0.009	-0.633	0.534	-0.012	-0.2	-0.234	1.000^**	0.351	0.369	0.041
MBC		1	0.906^**	-0.587	0.561	0.082	0.08	0.306	0.015	0.517	0.790^*	0.436
MBN			1	-0.539	0.415	-0.057	-0.165	0.439	0.007	0.578	0.596	0.456
全氮				1	-0.772^*	-0.103	0.081	-0.29	-0.632	-0.422	-0.556	-0.016
硝态氮					1	-0.051	0.027	0.108	0.531	0.407	0.474	-0.224
铵态氮						1	-0.373	0.197	-0.01	-0.285	0.188	0.015
全磷							1	-0.353	-0.2	-0.005	0.165	0.218
速效磷								1	-0.234	0.433	0.032	-0.144
有机质									1	0.351	0.369	0.044
脲酶										1	0.606	0.418
蔗糖酶											1	0.604
过氧化酶												1

环境因子	解释率/%	贡献率/%	F	P
速效磷	31.2	31.2	3.2	0.076
硝态氮	23.3	23.3	3.1	0.03
铵态氮	19.8	19.8	3.8	0.024
有机质	10.5	10.5	2.7	0.074
全氮	7.4	7.4	2.9	0.076
全磷	4.2	4.2	2.4	0.242
有机碳	1.9	1.9	1.1	0.48
微生物N	1.7	1.7	<0.1	1
微生物C	1.7	1.7	<0.1	1
蔗糖酶	1.7	1.7	<0.1	1
过氧化氢酶	1.7	1.7	<0.1	1
脲酶	1.7	1.7	<0.1	1

Effects of water stress on rhizosphere organic nitrogen fractions and enzyme activities in the rhizosphere of delayed cultivation grape

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生育期	不同处理的土壤含水率上限、下限（θf_上、θf_下）
	W1		W2		W3
	θf_上/%	θf_下/%	θf_上/%	θf_下/%	θf_上/%	θf_下/%
萌芽期（05-15—05-24）	80	55	90	65	100	75
新梢生长期（05-25—06-22）	80	55	91	66	100	75
开花期（06-23—07-15）	80	55	92	67	100	75
果实膨大期（07-16—09-14）	80	55	93	68	100	75
着色成熟期（09-15—12-18）	80	55	94	69	100	75

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