近35 a新疆天山巴音布鲁克草原退化程度评价

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2023.04.12

Abstract

Abstract:

Many studies on grassland ecosystem degradation have been performed using vegetation coverage or productivity indexes for evaluation. However, it is difficult to comprehensively evaluate different degrees of grassland degradation using a single evaluation index. Taking Bayinbuluk grassland in the Xinjiang Tianshan Mountains as a research object, a remote sensing method for evaluating grassland degradation based on standardized processing sub-index coupling was proposed. The grassland vegetation coverage, average grass layer height, and total grass yield were selected to determine the weight of the three indexes by principal component analysis. The Min-Max standardized method was introduced to construct the grassland degradation index (GDI). Finally, the degree of degradation of Bayinbuluk grassland in the Xinjiang Tianshan Mountains was determined through Landsat image inversion and reasonable classification of the rate of change of grassland degradation index from 1986 to 2021. The results showed that GDI_g has the best correlation with NDVI. In 2021, the proportion of undegraded area of Bayinbuluk grassland relative to the total area was 60.51%. The degree of degradation of different grassland types showed clear differences. The spatial distribution showed a trend of basin to mountain degradation. The GDI_rs model could be applied to other years through the radiation registration method. The degree of degradation of Bayinbuluk grassland significantly improved from 2000 to 2009 and slightly fluctuated from 2009 to 2021. The results of this research provide robust data support and a theoretical basis for guiding evaluation of the degree of degradation of Bayinbuluk grassland and protecting the grassland ecosystem.

Key words: grassland degradation, Landsat image, Min-Max standardization, grassland degradation index, regression model, Bayinbuluk grassland

ZHAO Jian, DENG Chengjun, LI Wenli, ZHAO Jin, GONG Yanming, LI Kaihui. Evaluation of the degree of degradation of Xinjiang Tianshan Bayinbuluk grassland in 35 years[J].Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(4): 636-646.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig. 1

Tab. 1

Vegetation index and calculation formula"

植被指数	计算公式	参考文献
归一化植被指数	$N D V I = R N i r - R R e d R N i r + R R e d$	[23]
差值植被指数	$D V I = R N i r - R R e d$	[24]
比值植被指数	$R V I = R N i r R R e d$	[25]
增强型植被指数	$E V I = 2.5 × R N i r - R R e d R N i r + 6.0 R R e d - 7.5 R B l u e + 1$	[26]
土壤植被指数	$S A V I = R N i r - R R e d R N i r + R R e d + L 1 + L$	[27]
三波段梯度差植被指数	$T G D V I = R N i r - R R e d λ N i r - λ R e d - R R e d - R G r e e n λ R e d - λ G r e e n 若 T G D V I < 0, ? 则 T G D V I = 0 ? ?$	[28]

Tab. 1

Tab. 2

Tab. 3

Grassland census data set in 1980s"

草地类	草地型	平均盖度/%	总产草量/(kg·hm^-2)	平均高度/cm	$G D I g$
高寒草甸类	白尖薹草、杂类草	85	3108.00	14.0	0.52
	鬼箭锦鸡儿、线叶嵩草、杂类草	90	3199.50	25.0	0.78
	线叶嵩草	90	3237.00	20.0	0.68
	线叶嵩草、白尖薹草、杂类草	90	3031.50	20.0	0.68
	线叶嵩草、细果薹草、珠芽蓼	90	6631.50	17.5	0.75
	线叶嵩草、杂类草	90	7485.00	25.0	0.93
	珠芽蓼、细果薹草、杂类草	90	3247.50	12.5	0.53
高寒草原类	新疆薹草、溚草	60	1546.50	16.5	0.34
	新疆薹草、寒生羊茅	65	2173.50	15.0	0.37
	新疆薹草、宽穗赖草	40	5620.50	12.5	0.26
	新疆薹草、杂类草	60	4480.50	20.0	0.51
	寒生羊茅、冰草	50	1705.50	10.0	0.15
	寒生羊茅、新疆薹草、天山鸢尾	85	1770.00	15.0	0.50
	寒生羊茅、紫花针茅	50	1827.00	12.5	0.20
	宽穗赖草	35	1380.60	20.0	0.23
	宽穗赖草、椒蒿	35	1380.60	20.0	0.23
	天山鸢尾、新疆薹草、紫花针茅	85	1914.00	17.5	0.55
	天山鸢尾、寒生羊茅	85	1914.00	17.5	0.55
	野黑麦、杂类草	85	5319.00	22.5	0.77
	紫花针茅、冰草、杂类草	50	498.00	12.5	0.16
	紫花针茅、新疆薹草	50	951.00	17.5	0.27
	紫花针茅、新疆薹草、寒生羊茅	50	1827.00	12.5	0.20
	紫花针茅、寒生羊茅、冰草	50	1827.00	12.5	0.20
	紫花针茅、宽穗赖草	50	951.00	17.5	0.27
	紫花针茅、冷蒿	45	913.50	17.5	0.24
	紫花针茅、杂类草	50	951.00	17.5	0.27
	座花针茅、宽穗赖草	50	1380.60	20.0	0.34
沼泽草地类	柄囊薹草	100	4128.00	17.5	0.73
沼泽草地类	布顿大麦草、扁灯芯草	100	4323.00	12.5	0.64

Tab. 3

Tab. 4

Data set of construction points in 2021"

样地号	平均盖度/%	总产草量/（kg·hm^-2）	平均高度/cm	$G D I g$
001	75	3560.00	15.0	0.56
002	95	4336.00	15.0	0.70
003	100	6387.00	20.0	0.85
004	94	2013.00	6.0	0.52
005	100	10233.00	18.0	0.84
006	80	2263.33	7.0	0.46
007	84	2506.00	31.0	0.72
008	82	2586.00	12.0	0.53
009	60	1933.00	12.0	0.38
010	100	1870.00	12.0	0.61
011	70	1703.00	12.0	0.43
012	70	2503.00	22.0	0.56
013	50	2556.00	23.0	0.45
014	88	3566.00	27.0	0.74
015	80	1817.00	16.0	0.53
016	75	2460.00	15.0	0.52
017	65	1403.33	5.7	0.33
018	55	1160.00	5.3	0.26
019	65	776.67	4.0	0.29
020	75	2070.00	8.7	0.44
021	55	1210.00	5.0	0.26
022	55	520.00	3.7	0.22
023	90	2393.33	7.7	0.53
024	40	703.33	4.0	0.15
025	85	1576.67	8.3	0.48
026	40	710.00	4.3	0.15
027	41	1980.00	6.4	0.22
028	40	979.50	7.6	0.19
029	34	960.00	9.6	0.18
030	44	864.00	4.7	0.18
031	92	6853.00	34.0	0.95
032	95	2660.00	19.0	0.67
033	95	3240.00	9.7	0.61
034	84	2482.50	13.0	0.55
035	83	3720.00	11.5	0.57

Tab. 4

Tab. 5

Fig. 2

Tab. 6

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草地类	植物种类
高寒草甸类	白尖薹草（Carex oxyleuca）
	鬼箭锦鸡儿（Caragana jubata）
	线叶嵩草（Kobresia capillifolia）
	细果薹草（Carex stenocarpa）
	珠芽蓼（Polygonum viviparum）
高寒草原类	新疆薹草（Carex turkestanica）
	溚草（Koeleria macrantha）
	寒生羊茅（Festuca kryloviana）
	宽穗赖草（Leymus ovatus）
	冰草（Agropyron cristatum）
	天山鸢尾（Iris loczyi Kanitz）
	紫花针茅（Stipa purpurea）
	椒蒿（Artemisia dracunculus）
	野黑麦（Secale sylvestre）
	冷蒿（Artemisia frigida）
	座花针茅（Stipa subsessiliflora）
沼泽草地类	柄囊薹草（Carex stenophylla）
	布顿大麦草（Hordeum bogdanii）
	扁灯芯草（Juncus compressus）

	植被覆盖度	草层平均高度	总产草量
20世纪80年代模型系数	0.59	0.36	0.30
2021年模型系数	0.59	0.44	0.32
20世纪80年代指标权重	0.47	0.29	0.24
2021年指标权重	0.44	0.32	0.24
权重平均值	0.46	0.30	0.24

退化程度	1986—2000年面积/hm²	1986—2000年比例/%	1986—2009年面积/hm²	1986—2009年比例/%	1986—2021年面积/hm²	1986—2021年比例/%
重度退化	247967.37	16.47	163884.51	10.89	221458.95	14.71
中度退化	431370.63	28.66	193017.06	12.82	188894.07	12.55
轻度退化	243514.08	16.18	177344.28	11.78	184102.11	12.23
未退化	582457.77	38.69	971064.00	64.51	910854.72	60.51

Evaluation of the degree of degradation of Xinjiang Tianshan Bayinbuluk grassland in 35 years

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