伊犁河谷西部土地植被覆盖演化及驱动力分析

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2021.03.26

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了揭示伊犁河谷西部地区土地植被覆盖演化的驱动因素,选取2001—2016年16景卫星影像数据,基于“3S”技术,运用图像分类、叠加分析、统计分析等方法,分析了研究区土地植被覆盖时空演化规律,应用地理探测器模型定量探究了影响土地植被覆盖演化的主要驱动力。结果表明：（1） 2001—2016年,裸地、草地、林地、耕地占总面积87%,占土地利用类型主导地位,构成区域土地利用基本格局,建设用地持续增加,冰川、沙地及水域面积持续减少;（2）研究区植被大面积稳定演进,低植被覆盖面积减少约1333 km²,高植被覆盖等级面积持续增加1020 km²,植被覆盖由中低等水平向较高和高植被覆盖等级转变;（3）利用地理探测器识别出研究区土地植被覆盖演化受自然和人类因素共同影响,降雨、气温、人口、GDP及高程为演化的主要因子,部分因子对土地植被变化的差异性显著,出现双因子协同增强现象;（4）气象要素是区域土地植被覆盖演化的主要驱动因素,人类活动为次要驱动因素。

关键词: 演化, 驱动因子, 土地利用类型, 植被覆盖度, 地理探测器, 伊犁河谷西部

Abstract:

Sixteen satellite-image data of the study area were selected from 2001 to 2016 as the data source to reveal the driving factors of land vegetation cover evolution in the western part of the Ili River Valley. Based on “3S” technology, image classification, superposition analysis, statistical analysis, and other methods were used to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of land vegetation cover in the study area. A geographical detector model was also used to explore the main driving force of land use and vegetation cover evolution quantitatively. The results showed that in the past 16 years, the total area of bare land, grassland, woodland, and cultivated land accounts for 87% of the total area, which constituted the basic regional land-use pattern. Construction land continued to increase, and the area of glacier, sandy land, and water continued to decrease. In the past 16 years, the vegetation in the study area steadily evolved. The area of low vegetation coverage decreased by approximately 1333 km², and the area of high vegetation coverage increased by 1020 km². Overall, the vegetation cover changed from low and medium level to high and high level. The evolution of land vegetation cover in the study area was affected by both natural and human factors. Rainfall, temperature, population, GDP, and elevation were the main factors of evolution. Besides, some factors had significant differences in land cover, and there is a two-factor synergistic enhancement phenomenon. Meteorological factors were the primary driving force of regional land vegetation cover evolution, and human activities were the secondary driving force.

Key words: evolution, driving factor, land use type, vegetation cover, geographical detector, western Ili River Valley

文广超,赵梅娟,谢洪波,张毅,张娟. 伊犁河谷西部土地植被覆盖演化及驱动力分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(3): 843-854.

WEN Guangchao,ZHAO Meijuan,XIE Hongbo,ZHANG Yi,ZHANG Juan. Analysis of land vegetation cover evolution and driving forces in the western part of the Ili River Valley[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(3): 843-854.

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数据名称	数据来源	空间分辨率	时间分辨率	备注
Landsat数据	美国地质调查局(http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/)	30 m×30 m	16 d	2001、2006、2011、2016年8—9月共16景
DEM数据	地理空间数据云(http://www.gscloud.cn/)	90 m	16 d	若干幅DEM数据
气象数据	中国气象数据分享平台(http://www.cma.gov.cn/)	-	-	2001—2016年逐月气象数据
人口、经济等数据	《伊犁哈萨克自治州统计年鉴》	-	1 a	2001—2016年
水文地质数据	伊犁河谷西部平原区1：50000水文地质调查实施方案	-	-	2018年
验证数据	中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心	-	5 a	1:100000土地利用标准分类图

时段	土地类利用型
时段	水域/%	裸地/%	沙地/%	冰川/%	建设用地/%	草地/%	林地/%	耕地/%
2001—2006年	-1.76	0.45	-5.04	-2.60	1.26	-3.18	0.72	4.94
2006—2011年	-1.53	-4.70	-1.36	-3.27	0.92	-0.75	1.53	5.83
2011—2016年	-4.02	-4.55	-0.89	-4.29	5.27	4.42	-1.13	5.35

年份	植被覆盖度分级
年份	低/%	较低/%	中度/%	较高/%	高/%
2001	19.13	18.47	13.13	20.45	28.82
2006	16.05	20.64	15.23	19.85	28.23
2011	14.83	16.20	14.40	18.98	35.59
2016	10.27	14.74	18.02	21.37	35.60
2001—2016	15.07	17.51	15.20	20.16	32.06

植被覆盖度变化	面积/km²	占比/%	主要土地利用类型
显著减少	725.07	4.82	水域、冰川、建设用地的中高植被
减少	1766.05	11.74	水域、裸地、稀疏草地、林地
稳定	6602.37	43.89	建设用地、耕地、中高草地
增加	3329.02	22.13	耕地、草地、林地、建设用地低植被
明显增加	2620.49	17.42	耕地、林地

坡度范围	植被覆盖度均值	面积占比/%
0°~5°	0.29	43.46
5°~8°	0.37	12.24
8°~15°	0.47	16.72
15°~25°	0.43	13.90
25°~45°	0.42	13.24
>45°	0.40	0.44