西北干旱区绿洲葡萄园净碳交换及其影响因素

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2021.03.25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究干旱区绿洲农业生态系统碳收支动态和其碳源汇形成机制对于指导绿洲农业固碳减排至关重要。基于敦煌干旱绿洲葡萄园涡度相关系统观测的CO₂通量和相关环境因子数据,估算2019年生长季（5—10月）葡萄园的碳收支总量,同时探究净生态系统碳交换（NEE）的日、季动态及其对叶面积指数（LAI）、光合有效辐射（PAR）、水汽压差（VPD）和空气温度（T_a）等的响应。结果表明：（1）生长季期间,葡萄园净生态系统碳交换（NEE）、生态系统呼吸（R_e）和总初级生产力（GPP）的累计量分别为-647.3、883.2 g C·m^-2和1530.5 g C·m^-2,R_e/GPP值为57.7%,表明其碳消耗强度较低,为强烈的碳汇过程。（2）生长季NEE量变化呈单峰型（7月峰值）,与空气温度的季节变化相似。这表明在水分供应充足的基本条件下,空气温度对于NEE具有显著影响。（3）生长季NEE受到LAI、PAR、VPD、T_a等生物物理因素的综合作用,在整个生长季PAR是与其相关性最高的环境因子,通过驱动光合作用增加固碳量;生长季LAI先增加后减少,光合固碳量也相应受到影响,进而造成NEE呈先下降后上升趋势。同时,保持VPD处于适宜的范围（20~35 hPa）,可有效地提高其固碳能力。

关键词: 绿洲葡萄园, 涡度相关系统, 净生态系统碳交换, 影响因素

Abstract:

Studying carbon budget dynamics and the formation mechanism of carbon sources and sinks in the oasis’s agricultural ecosystem in China’s northwest arid region are crucial. Carbon oxide (CO₂) fluxes were measured from May to October during the growing season of the arid oasis vineyard in Dunhuang using the eddy covariance system. Based on the CO₂ fluxes and data of relevant environmental factors, carbon exchange cumulative values, the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) dynamics, response to leaf area index (LAI), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), water vapor deficiency (VPD), and air temperature (T_a) in the vineyard were estimated. Results obtained showed that during the growing season, the total cumulative amount of net ecosystem exchange (NEE), ecosystem respiration (R_e), and gross primary productivity (GPP) were -647.3, 883.2, and 1530.5 g C·m^-2, respectively. R_e/GPP value was 57.7%, indicating a slightly lower carbon consumption intensity and an intense carbon sink process. During the growing season, NEE showed a single peak change and peaked in July; this is similar to the seasonal variation in air temperature. This indicated that air temperature significantly affected NEE under the primary conditions of sufficient water supply. During the growing season, NEE was affected by biophysical factors such as LAI, PAR, VPD, and T_a. PAR was the most relevant environmental factor, increasing carbon sequestration by driving the photosynthesis of vines. LAI increased initially and then decreased during the growing season, causing the photosynthetic carbon sequestration to be affected accordingly; NEE also decreased initially and then increased. Keeping VPD in a suitable range (20-35 hPa) could effectively improve the carbon sequestration capacity of vines.

Key words: the vineyard of oasis, eddy covariance system, net ecosystem exchange, influencing factors

张扬,朱高峰,秦文华,赵楠,陈惠玲. 西北干旱区绿洲葡萄园净碳交换及其影响因素[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(3): 833-842.

ZHANG Yang,ZHU Gaofeng,QIN Wenhua,ZHAO Nan,CHEN Huiling. Net carbon exchange and its influencing factors of the oasis vineyard in China’s northwest arid region[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(3): 833-842.

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月份	PAR	T_a	VPD	RH	SWC	n
5	-0.566^**	-0.210^**	-0.222^**	0.176^**	-0.006	881
6	-0.595^**	-0.222^**	-0.112^**	0.078^*	-0.135^**	865
7	-0.647^**	-0.282^**	-0.236^**	0.183^**	0.025	833
8	-0.773^**	-0.329^**	-0.248^**	0.225^**	0.081^*	844
9	-0.728^**	-0.329^**	-0.318^**	0.309^**	-0.170^**	741
10	-0.364^**	-0.407^**	-0.249^**	-0.154^**	0.275^**	689
5—10	-0.619^**	-0.035^*	-0.042^**	-0.022	-0.066^**	4909

月份	最大光合速率A_max /(μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	白天生态系统呼吸R_e,d /(μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	初始光能利用率α /(μmol·μmol^-1)	样本数	R²
5	13.01	4.03	0.051	770	0.27
6	27.19	6.32	0.119	663	0.39
7	27.54	7.65	0.170	746	0.40
8	30.58	5.62	0.066	763	0.54
9	20.64	5.24	0.104	644	0.44
10	7.91	3.18	0.057	598	0.13

月份	指数方程	Q₁₀	R²
5	y=0.389e^0.127^x	3.6	0.41
6	y=1.103e^0.072^x	2.1	0.36
7	y=1.177e^0.077^x	2.2	0.66
8	y=0.625e^0.092^x	2.5	0.35
9	y=0.610e^0.125^x	3.5	0.72
10	y=0.843e^0.119^x	3.3	0.66