水分优化对温室葡萄产量及土壤生物学特性的影响

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为揭示滴灌不同水分调控下设施栽培葡萄产量与土壤学特性等相关指标的响应关系，在甘肃省永登县设施葡萄试验基地开展葡萄滴灌不同生育期水分调控田间灌溉试验，分析水分调控对设施栽培葡萄土壤积温、蔗糖酶和淀粉酶活性、有机碳（TOC）、微生物量碳（MBC）和微生物熵（qMB）等土壤学特性的影响，基于隶属函数综合分析明确了影响葡萄产量及各项土壤生物学特性指标的最佳水分优化处理。结果表明：新梢期水分胁迫的土壤积温、土壤酶、TOC、MBC、qMB均显著（P＜0.05）高于对照；新梢期水分胁迫较对照可增产44.6%；果实膨大期作为葡萄生长的关键阶段，此时水分胁迫对土壤淀粉酶影响不显著，但对其他土壤学特性指标具有一定的抑制作用，并且可减产9.7%；隶属函数综合分析表明，土壤生物学特性指标及产量综合隶属排名为：PS﹥FS﹥CS﹥CK﹥ES。

关键词: 水分胁迫, 葡萄, 产量, 土壤生物学特性, 永登县, 甘肃

Abstract: In order to reveal the response relationship between grape production and soil properties under drip irrigation with different irrigation water control levels, a field experiment on irrigation water regulation at different growth stages of grape was carried out at the grape experimental base in Yongdeng County, Gansu Province. The purpose of the study was to analyze the effect of irrigation water regulation on soil properties and grape yield. The parameters including the soil accumulation temperature, invertase and amylase activity, organic carbon content (TOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial entropy (qMB) were used in the study. The results showed that the soil accumulated temperature, soil enzymes, TOC, MBC and qMB under drought stress in the new shoot period were significantly higher than those under irrigation water control (P<0.05). The drought stress in the new shoot period was increased by 44.6% compared with that under irrigation water control. The fruit expansion period was the key stage of grape growth, so during this period, the effect of drought stress on soil amylase was not significant, but there was a certain inhibition on other soil indicators, and the grape yield could be reduced by 9.7%. The comprehensive analysis on the membership function showed that the soil biological index and the comprehensive subordinates of grape yield were ranked as PS > FS > CS > CK > ES.

Key words: water stress, grape; yield, soil biological property, Yongdeng County, Gansu Province

蔺宝军, 张芮, 董博, 王引弟, 张小艳. 水分优化对温室葡萄产量及土壤生物学特性的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2020, 37(1): 126-133.

LIN Bao-jun, ZHANG Rui, DONG Bo, WANG Yin-di, ZHANG Xiao-yan. Effect of Irrigation Water Optimization on Greenhouse Grape Yield and Soil Biological Properties[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2020, 37(1): 126-133.

参考文献 38

[1]	付时丰，李中，杨丽娟，等.保护地栽培条件下灌水方法对土壤温度的影响[J].灌溉排水学报，2006,25(1):67-70.[Fu Shifeng,Li Zhong,Yang Lijuan,et al.Effects of irrigation on soil temperature under protected cultivation[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2006,25(1):67-70.]
[2]	焦永刚，石琳琪，董灵迪，等.不同灌溉量和填充物对高温闷棚地温及茄子产量的影响[J].河北农业科学，2009,13(9):32-33.[Jiao Yonggang,Shi Linqi,Dong Lingdi,et al.Effects of different irrigation amounts and fillers on soil temperature and yield of eggplant under high temperature tightly greenhouse[J].Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences,2009,13(9):32-33.]
[3]	塔娜，五十六，马文娟，等.不同含水率下日光温室土壤温度变化规律的峰拟合法拟合[J].农业工程学报，2014,30(20):204-210.[Ta Na,Wu Shiliu,Ma Wenjuan,et al.Peakfitting based prediction of soil temperature according to soil moisture content in solar greenhouse[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2014,30(20):204-210.]
[4]	陈娜娜，贾生海，张芮，等.不同生育期水分胁迫对设施延后栽培葡萄土壤温度与果实品质的影响[J].水土保持通报，2017,37(4):119-125.[Chen Nana,Jia Shenghai,Zhang Rui,et al.Effects of water stress at different growth stages on soil temperature and grape fruit quality under delayed cultivation facility[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,37(4):119-125.]
[5]	和文祥，朱铭莪.陕西土壤脲酶活性与土壤肥力关系分析[J].土壤学报，1997,34(4):392-398.[He Wenxiang,Zhu Minge.Relationship between soil urease activity and fertility of soil in Shaanxi province[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,1997,34(4):392-398.]
[6]	王理德，王方琳，郭春秀，等.土壤酶学硏究进展[J].土壤，2016,48(1):12-21.[Wang Lide,Wang Fanglin,Guo Chunxiu,et al.Progress of soil enzymology[J].Soils,2016,48(1):12-21.]
[7]	DeForest J L.The influence of time,storage temperature,and substrate age on potential soil enzyme activity in acidic forest soil susing MUB-linked substrates and LDOPA[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2009,41:1 180-1 186.
[8]	周芙蓉，王进鑫，杨楠，等.水分和铅胁迫对土壤酶活性的影响[J].草地学报，2013,21(3):479-484.[Zhou Furong,Wang Jinxin,Yang Nan,et al.Effects of water and lead stress on soil enzyme activities[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,2013,21(3):479-484.]
[9]	樊利华，周星梅，吴淑兰，等.干旱胁迫对植物根际环境影响的研究进展[J].应用与环境生物学报,2019,25(5):1 244-1 251.[Fan Lihua,Zhou Xingmei,Wu Shulan,et al.Research advances on the effects of drought stress in plant rhizosphere environments[J].Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,2019,25(5):1 244-1 251.]
[10]	李晓月.根际土壤不同形态碳、氮的含量及特性研究[D].杨凌：西北农林科技大学，2011.[Li Xiaoyue.Content and Characteristics of Different forms of Organic Carbon and Nitrogen in Rhizosphere[D].Yangling:Northwest A & F University,2011.] 
[11]	刘方春，邢尚军，马海林,等.干旱生境中接种根际促生细菌对核桃根际土壤生物学特征的影响[J].应用生态学报，2014,25(5):1 475-1 482.[Liu Fangchun,Xing Shangjun,Ma Hailin,et al.Effects of inoculating plant growthpromoting rhizobacteria on the biological characteristics of walnut(Juglans regia) rhizosphere soil under drought condition[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2014,25(5):1 475-1 482.]
[12]	肖新,朱伟,肖靓，等.适宜的水氮处理提高稻基农田土壤酶活性和土壤微生物量碳氮[J].农业工程学报，2013,29(21):91-98.[Xiao Xin,Zhu Wei,Xiao Liang,et al.Suitable water and nitrogen treatment improves soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen and enzyme activities of paddy field[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2013,29(21):91-98.]
[13]	薛冉.生长早期小麦根际土壤养分及微生物对不同水分供应模式响应及其机制的研究[D].兰州：兰州大学，2017.[Xue ran.Response and Mechanism of Rhizospheric Nutrients and Microorganisms Activity to Water Supply Patterns in Early Growth Stage of Wheat[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou univeisity,2017.]
[14]	Sanaullah M,Blagodatskaya E,Chabbi A,et al.Drought effects on microbial biomass and enzyme activities in the rhizosphere of grasses depend on plant community composition[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2011,48(1): 38-44. 
[15]	吕卫光，黄启为，沈其荣，等.不同来源有机肥及有机肥与无机肥混施对西瓜生长期土壤酶活性的影响[J].南京农业大学学报，2005,28(4):68-71.[Lü Weiguang,Huang Qiwei,Shen Qirong,et al.The effect of organic fertilizer and organic-inorganic fertilizer application on soil enzymes activities during watermelon growing period[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2005,28(4):68-71.]
[16]	王德福，段洪浪，黄国敏，等.高温与干旱胁迫对西红柿幼苗生长、养分含量及元素利用效率的影响[J].生态学报，2019,39(9):3 199-3 209.[Wang Defu,Duan Honglang,Huang Guomin,et al.Effects of high temperature and drought stress on growth,nutrient content use efficiency of Tomato seedlings[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2019,39(9):3 199-3 209.]
[17]	韩希英，宋凤斌.干旱胁迫对玉米根系生长及根际养分的影响[J].水土保持学报，200620(3):170-172.[Han Xiying,Song Fengbin.Effect of drought stress on root growth and rhizosphere nutrients of Maize(Zea mays L.)[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2006,20(3):170-172.]
[18]	李焕茹，朱莹，田纪辉，等.碳氮添加对草地土壤有机碳氮磷含量及相关酶活性的影响[J].应用生态学报，2018,29(8):2 470-2 476.[Li Huanru,Zhu Ying,Tian Jihui,et al.Effects of carbon and nitrogen additions on soil organic C,N,P contents and their catalyzed enzyme activities in a grassland[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2018,29(8):2 470-2 476.]
[19]	魏翠翠，刘小飞，林成芳，等.凋落物输入改变对亚热带两种米槠次生林土壤酶活性的影响[J].植物生态学报,2018,42(6):692-702.[Wei Cuicui,Liu Xiaofei,Lin Chengfang,et al.Effects of carbon and nitrogen additions on soil organic C,N,P contents and their catalyzed enzyme activities in a grassland[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2018,42(6):692-702.]
[20]	陈丹梅，陈晓明，梁永江，等.轮作对土壤养分、微生物活性及细菌群落结构的影响[J].草业学报，2015,24(12):56-65.[Chen Danmei,Chen Xiaoming,Liang Yongjiang,et al.Influence of crop rotation on soil nutrients,microbial activities and bacterial community structures[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2015,24(12):56-65.]
[21]	马文娟，同延安.葡萄树体生长动态与根系分布研究[J].西北农业学报，2013,22(8):133-137.[Ma Wenjuan,Tong Yan’an.The dynamics of biomass and roots distribution in grape tree[J].Acta Agriculturae BorealiOccidentalis Sinica，2013,22(8):133-137.]
[22]	张新宁，赵健，杨东芳.滴灌条件下葡萄根系分布的研究初报[J].中外葡萄与葡萄酒，2005(6):16-18.[Zhang Xinning,Zhao Jian,Yang Dongfang.Study on root distribution of vine under the condition of drip irrigation[J].Sinooverseas Grapevine & Wine,2005(6):16-18.]
[23]	房玉林，孙伟，万力，等.调亏灌溉对酿酒葡萄生长及果实品质的影响[J].中国农业科学，2013,46(13):2 730-2 738.[Fang Yulin,Sun Wei,Wan Li,et al.Effects of regulated deficit irrigation(RDI) on wine grape growth and fruit quality [J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2013,46(13): 2 730-2 738.] 
[24]	Santesteban L G,Miranda C,Royo J B.Regulated deficit irrigation effects on growth,yield,grape quality and individual anthocyanin composition in Vitis vinifera L.cv.‘Tempranillo’[J].Agricultural Water Management,2011,98(7): 1 171-1 179.
[25]	刘洪光，何新林，王雅琴，等.调亏灌溉对滴灌葡萄耗水规律及产量的影响研究[J].灌溉排水学报，2010,29(6):109-111.[Liu Hongguang,He Xinlin,Wang Yaqin,et al.Effects of regulated deficit irrigation on water consumption and yield of grape[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2010,29(6):109-111.]
[26]	王文丽，贾生海,张芮，等.不同生育期水分胁迫对设施延后栽培葡萄生理生长及产量的影响[J].安徽农业科学，2018,46(20):41-44.[Wang Wenli,Jia Shenghai,Zhang Rui,et al.Effects of water regulations in different growth stages on physical growth and yield of delayed grape cultivation[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2018,46(20):41-44.]
[27]	张芮，成自勇，王旺田，等.水分胁迫对延后栽培葡萄果实生长的影响[J].华南农业大学学报，2015,36(6):47-54.[Zhang Rui,Cheng Ziyong,Wang Wangtian,et al.Effect of water stress on grape fruit growth under delayed cultivation[J].Journal of South China Agricultural University,2015,36(6):47-54.]
[28]	邓欧平，李翰，熊雷，等.秸秆、猪粪混施对麦田根际土壤过氧化氢酶与蔗糖酶活性的影响[J].土壤，2018,50(1):86-92.[Deng Ouping,Li Han,Xiong Lei,et al.Effect of mixed application of rice-wheat straws and pig manure on soil enzyme activities in wheat-growth field[J].Soils,2018,50(1):86-92.]
[29]	周媛，李平，郭魏，等.施氮和再生水灌溉对设施土壤酶活性的影响[J].水土保持学报，2016,30(4):268-273.[Zhou Yuan,Li Ping,Guo Wei,et al.Influence of nitrogen application and reeclaimed wastewater irrigation on greenhouse soil enzyme activities[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,30(4):268-273.]
[30]	Yeomansa J C,Bremnera J M.A rapid and precise method for routine determination of organic carbon in soil[J].Communication in Soil Science and Plant Analysis,1988,19(13):1 467-1 476.
[31]	Vance E D,Brookesp C,Jenkinson D C.An extraction method for measuring soil microbial biomass C[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1987,19:703-707.
[32]	Anderson J P E,Domsch K H.A physiological method for the quantitative measurement of microbial biomass in soil[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1978,10:215-221.
[33]	鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京：中国农业出版社，2002.[Bao Shidan.Soil Agrochemical Analysis[M].3rd.Beijing:China Agricultural Press,2002.]
[34]	韩瑞宏，卢欣石，高桂娟，等.紫花苜蓿抗旱性主成分及隶属函数分析[J].草地学报，2006,14(2):142-146.[Han Ruihong,Lu Xinshi,Gao Guijuan,et al.Analysis of the principal components and the subordinate function of alfalfa drought resistance[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,2006,14(2):142-146.]
[35]	常永义，张有富，朱建兰，等.半干旱区节水处理对日光温室地温及延迟栽培葡萄品质的影响[J].中外葡萄与葡萄酒，2011(1):19-23.[Chang Yongyi,Zhang Youfu,Zhu Jianlan,et al.Effects of water-saving treatment on soil temperature in greenhouse and berry quality of grapevines under delayed cultivation in semiarid region[J].SinoOverseas Grapevine & Wine,2011(1):19-23.]
[36]	郑健，蔡焕杰，王燕，等.不同供水条件对温室小型西瓜苗期根区土壤水分、温度及生理指标的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究，2011,29(3):35-41,47.[Zheng Jian,Cai Huanjie,Wang Yan,et al.Effect of different water supply conditions on soil water content,soil temperature and physiological characteristics of mini-watermelon at the seedling stage[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2011,29(3):35-41,47.]
[37]	陈娜娜，贾生海，张芮.水分亏缺对设施延后栽培葡萄土壤生物学特性的影响[J].华北农学报，2017,32(5):192-199.[Chen Nana,Jia Shenghai,Zhang Rui.Effects of water deficit on the biological characteristics of grape grown in greenhouse[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,2017,32(5):192-199.]
[38]	张芮，成自勇，李毅，等.小管出流亏缺灌溉对设施延后栽培葡萄产量与品质的影响[J].农业工程学报，2012,28(20):108-113.[Zhang Rui,Cheng Ziyong,Li Yi,et al.Effects of small tube flow deficit irrigation on yield and quality of greenhouse grape under delayed cultivation[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2012,28(20):108-113.]